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Evaluation of shrimp polyculture system in Thailand based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HISASHI YOKOYAMA JUNYA HIGANO a KUMIKO ADACHI YUKA ISHIHI YOSHIHIRO YAMADA b 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(4):745-750
ABSTRACT: To quantify the contribution by cocultured animals to waste assimilation in an intensive shrimp farm in Thailand, the food web structures of the macrobenthos in a reservoir pond, a shrimp culture pond and water treatment ponds were examined using the stable C and N isotope ratio technique. Seawater for aquaculture was drawn from a creek, and stored in a reservoir pond, used for farming the banana prawn Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in culture ponds, and then recycled through treatment ponds where the green mussel Perna viridis was cultured to remove organic wastes discharged from the farming. The clam worm Nereididae sp. and the mud creeper Cerithideopsilla cingulata in the culture pond had δ 13 C values of −21.0‰ and −18.4‰, respectively, suggesting that shrimp feed (mean δ 13 C = −20.7‰) was the main food source for these species. The δ 13 C analysis also suggested that sediments (−23.7‰) in the reservoir pond and particulate organic matter (POM) (−24.0‰) and/or sediments (−25.0‰) in the treatment pond supplied carbon for most macrobenthic animals. However, green mussels in the treatment pond had a mean δ 13 C value of −20.5‰, suggesting that shrimp feed was the main food source for this species. 相似文献
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HIROTO MURASE TSUTOMU TAMURA HIROSHI KIWADA YOSHIHIRO FUJISE HIKARU WATANABE HIROSHI OHIZUMI SHIROH YONEZAKI HIROSHI OKAMURA SHIGEYUKI KAWAHARA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(2):186-201
A study of common minke and Bryde's whales was conducted in the western North Pacific in the 2000 and 2001 summer seasons to estimate prey selection of cetaceans as this is an important parameter in ecosystem models. Whale sighting and sampling surveys and prey surveys using quantitative echosounder and mid‐water trawl were carried out concurrently in the study. Biomasses of Japanese anchovy, walleye pollock and krill, which were major prey species of common minke and Bryde's whales, were estimated using an echosounder. The results suggested that common minke whale showed prey selection for Japanese anchovy while they seemed to avoid krill in both the offshore and coastal regions and walleye pollock in the continental shelf region. Selection for shoaling pelagic fish was similar to that in the eastern North Atlantic. Bryde's whale showed selection for Japanese anchovy in August 2000 and July 2001, while it showed prey selection for krill in May and June in 2001. 相似文献
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HIROMICHI MITAMURA NOBUAKI ARAI WATARU SAKAMOTO YASUSHI MITSUNAGA TETSUYA MARUO YUKINORI MUKAI KENJI NAKAMURA MASATO SASAKI YOSHIHIRO YONEDA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(6):1189-1196
ABSTRACT: The black rockfish Sebastes inermis is one of the most important fishery species along the coast from southern Hokkaido to Kyushu, Japan and is often found in rocks and Zostera areas. We conducted biotelemetry using coded ultrasonic transmitters to clarify the movement of the black rockfish that inhabited the seawall of the Kansai International Airport. We released 25 black rockfish at two points. One was the airport seawall and the other was side shallows off the Sensyu district. Seventeen black rockfish returned to their capture site after release. We used the V -test to determine whether the direction of movement was random or orientated. The black rockfish moved at random along the seawall within some hours after release ( P > 0.05). Four hours after release, they moved to their home site intentionally ( P < 0.0025). 相似文献
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As herbicide‐resistant weeds have spread in the agricultural fields of grain‐exporting countries, their seeds could be introduced into other countries as contaminants in imported grain. The spread of resistance genes through seed and pollen can cause significant economic loss. In order to assess the extent of the problem, we investigated the contamination by herbicide‐resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) of wheat imported from Western Australia into Japan. Annual ryegrass seeds were recovered from wheat shipments and seed bioassays were conducted to identify resistance to the herbicides that are commonly used in Australia: diclofop‐methyl, sethoxydim, chlorsulfuron, and glyphosate. Nearly 4500 ryegrass seeds were detected in 20 kg of wheat that was imported in both 2006 and 2007. About 35% and 15% of the seeds were resistant to diclofop‐methyl, 5% and 6% were resistant to sethoxydim, and 56% and 60% were resistant to chlorsulfuron in 2006 and 2007, respectively. None was resistant to glyphosate in either year. As the contamination of crops by herbicide‐resistant weeds is probably a common phenomenon, the monitoring of incoming grain shipments is necessary to stem the further spread of herbicide‐resistant weeds into importing countries. 相似文献
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FAJRI ANUGROHO MAKOTO KITOU FUJIO NAGUMO KAZUTOSHI KINJO YOSHIHIRO TOKASHIKI 《Weed Biology and Management》2009,9(2):129-136
Weeds emerge throughout the year in agricultural fields in subtropical regions. The weed suppression and improved soil fertility resulting from a living mulch of hairy vetch were investigated. Hairy vetch was sown in October and in December 2006. The fallow condition was without the sowing of hairy vetch, with the weeds allowed to grow naturally. The biomass of the top parts (BOT) of hairy vetch increased from February to April and then decreased in May on both sowing dates. The BOT of hairy vetch sown in October was significantly higher in February, March, and April than that sown in December. Hairy vetch sown in October and harvested from February to April varied from 372–403 × 10−3 kg m−2 , with weed suppression percentages of 62.8% in comparison with the fallow plots. The fixed C, N, P, and mineral uptake of hairy vetch showed similar patterns to its biomass. The nitrate (NO3 -N) content increased from February to May for the soils in the October and December plots, in contrast to the fallow plots. Moreover, the NO3 -N and available N of the October and December soils sampled from February to May were higher than that of the fallow soils. In subtropical agriculture, hairy vetch should be sown in October in order to achieve a higher biomass for suppressing weeds effectively and improving the soil fertility, mainly N. 相似文献
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FAJRI ANUGROHO MAKOTO KITOU FUJIO NAGUMO KAZUTOSHI KINJO YOSHIHIRO TOKASHIKI 《Weed Biology and Management》2009,9(1):63-71
Hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), as a winter cover crop, can be used to suppress weeds in subtropical regions, as well as temperate regions. Information on the potential biomass growth of hairy vetch for weed control and nutrient accumulation is not available in subtropical regions. Hairy vetch was sown in November 2004, and October, November, and December 2005. The wide-ranging cultivation period of hairy vetch indicated that it could be used in various cropping systems. It showed a higher biomass and nutrient accumulation when grown in subtropical Okinawa, Japan. Moreover, the biomass, and fixed carbon and magnesium (Mg) uptake in the above-ground parts of hairy vetch were found to be the highest in late May, with the highest nitrogen (N), potassium, and calcium uptake in mid-April and phosphorus (P) uptake in late March. Meanwhile, in the underground parts of the plant, they were highest in early May, except for the P and Mg uptake, which were highest in mid-April. According to the sowing date, the biomass and nutrient uptake of hairy vetch that was harvested in February were higher when sown in October. Similarly, when harvested in March, the biomass and nutrient uptake were higher when sown in October or November. In April, they were higher when sown in November or December. Hairy vetch has the potential to effectively suppress weeds in the winter and the spring seasons related to its sufficient biomass during the growing seasons. However, both the sowing and harvesting times of hairy vetch should be considered with reference to the cropping system; the subsequent crop will be sown to meet the N requirement. 相似文献
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新城疫病毒某水禽分离株经鸡体传代后由非致病型转变为速发型的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
于圣青 丁铲 NORIKO KISHIDA HIROSHI ITO HIROSHI KIDA KOICHI OTSUKI TOSHIHIRO ITO 《中国预防兽医学报》2003,25(1):59-64
最近，一株无毒力的新城疫病毒（NDV）在鸡体内繁殖时，变成了强毒株，但致今尚未能证实，经鸡体传代的野生水禽新城疫病毒是否也具有变成速发型毒株的能力，为了通过实验证明从水禽中分离的非致病型NDV可以转变为速发型病毒，我们通过在鸡体内传播鹅源性无毒力株，经气囊接种连续传代9次，随后再在鸡脑内传代5次，结果显示，该病毒的毒力变得很强，致死率可达100%，通过致病性试验证实，其具有典型的速发型病毒特征；融合蛋白裂解位点的序列分析表明，原始的分离株含有无毒力型毒株共有的裂解序列；E-R-Q-E-R/L，而通过鸡体反复传代后，该序列变为致癞 性毒株共有的序列：K-R-Q-K-R/F，这些结果表明，野生水禽中自然存在的无毒力毒株，具有无毒力株相应的序列，但当其在鸡群中传播时，则具有变成高致病性病毒的能力，同时研究表明，鸡体提供了该病毒从非致病型向致病型转变的选择机制。 相似文献