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Morlin Carneiro Franciele Angeli Furlani Carlos Eduardo Zerbato Cristiano Candida de Menezes Patricia da Silva Gírio Lucas Augusto Freire de Oliveira Mailson 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(5):979-1007
Precision Agriculture - Crop monitoring through remote sensing techniques enable greater knowledge of average variability in crop growth. Canopy sensors help provide information on the variability... 相似文献
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The effects of the botanical insecticides Biopiren plus, Piresan plus and Neemazal T/S on the predatory mite Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) were tested under laboratory, semi-field, and field conditions. The tests carried out in the laboratory allowed detection of the direct toxicity on eggs and females as well as the effects on fecundity, whereas semi-field trials assessed their residual toxicity. In laboratory and semi-field tests, pyrethrins, particularly Piresan plus, proved to have the highest toxicity with E value, concerning both female mortality and fecundity, of 100?% and 45?%, respectively. The same product tested in the field only caused a significant reduction in the phytoseiid population shortly after the treatment. The relevant escape rate registered in semi-field tests could explain the lack of phytoseiid eradication in the field after treatment with pyrethrins. 相似文献
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Powdery mildew fungi are parasitized by strains of the genetically distinct Ampelomyces quisqualis. To investigate whether differences in the phylogeny and other cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics
of these different strains are related to differences in their geographic origins or the host species from which they were
isolated, several A. quisqualis strains isolated from different species of Erysiphaceae collected in different countries and possessing different ITS rDNA
sequences were selected and characterized. The results revealed some significant variation among the selected strains, which
provides evidence for the existence of different physiological forms within the A. quisqualis species. Two groups that display differential growth on artificial media were identified. These groups also differ in the
morphology of their mycelium, but not in the morphology of their pycnidia and conidia. Temperature greatly affected the in vitro growth of the A. quisqualis strains and growth rate was closely correlated to colony color. Differences in the conidial germination of distinct strains
were observed during the recognition phase of the parasitic relationship. The germination of each of the investigated strains
was greatly stimulated by all of the examined powdery mildew species and not only by the conidia of their original hosts.
An Italian strain isolated from grapevine in the Trentino Alto-Adige region was identified as the strain that germinates the
most quickly in the presence of powdery mildew conidia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these A. quisqualis strains can be classified into five different genetic groups, which generally correlate with the fungal host of origin and
morphological and growth characteristics. 相似文献
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Impact of foliar nickel application on urease activity,antioxidant metabolism and control of powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean plants 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. P. Q. Barcelos H. P. G. Reis C. V. Godoy P. L. Gratão E. Furlani Junior F. F. Putti M. Campos A. R. Reis 《Plant pathology》2018,67(7):1502-1513
Nickel (Ni) is a cofactor for urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological impact of Ni on urea, antioxidant metabolism and powdery mildew severity in soybean plants. Seven levels of Ni (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g ha?1) alone or combined with the fungicides fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin were applied to soybean plants. The total Ni concentration ranged from 3.8 to 38.0 mg kg?1 in leaves and 3.0 to 18.0 mg kg?1 in seeds. A strong correlation was observed between Ni concentration in the leaves and seeds, indicating translocation of Ni from leaves to seeds. Application of Ni above 60 g ha?1 increased lipid peroxidation in the leaf tissues, indicative of oxidative stress. Application of 40 g ha?1 Ni combined with 300 mL ha?1 of fungicide reduced powdery mildew severity by up to 99%. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and urease enzyme activity were greatest under these conditions. Urea concentration decreased in response to Ni application. Urease activity in soybean leaves showed a negative correlation with powdery mildew severity. The leaf Ni concentration showed a positive correlation with the urease and a negative correlation with powdery mildew severity. The results of this study suggest that urease is a key enzyme regulated by Ni and has a role in host defence against powdery mildew by stimulating antioxidant metabolism in soybean plants. 相似文献
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Chiara Nobili Simone D’Angeli Maria Maddalena Altamura Valeria Scala Anna Adele Fabbri Massimo Reverberi Corrado Fanelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(2):423-438
Wheat germinating caryopses may represent a starting point for the Fusarium Head Blight disease; however, only few studies concern the defence repertoire of wheat caryopses against fungal challenge. The germinating caryopses of two wheat commercial varieties (Blasco and Sagittario), differentially susceptible to FHB in the field, were inoculated with F. graminearum and the redox status in the interaction milieu, oxylipin production, the expression profile of some host-defence related genes, and programmed cell death in the aleuronic layer, were analysed. In Sagittario, the redox balance was profoundly modified and 9-oxylipins accumulated during fungal contamination. In this variety, F. graminearum produced a high quantity of deoxynivalenol whilst programmed cell death, also through metacaspases activation, was enhanced in the aleuronic layer of its caryopses. In Blasco, the expression of tolerance factors such as Pathogenesis-Related-protein1, glucosyl-transferase and glutathione transferase genes was up-regulated consequent to infection. Results show that unscavenged ROS and 9-oxylipins may be related to deoxynivalenol accumulation in the germinating caryopses of wheat after F. graminearum infection. 相似文献
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A. M. C. Furlani R. B. Clark J. W. Maranville W. M. Ross 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1583-1595
Abstract Relatively insoluble sources of phosphorus (P) may require solubilization, and organic P (Po) may require hydrolysis to inorganic P (Pi) before P can be readily absorbed by plants roots. The mechanisms for these processes, however, are unknown. Root phosphatase (Pase) activity was measured to assess its relationships to P uptake by seven sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes grown with Po (ethylammonium phosphate, glycerophosphate, and phenylphosphate) and Pi (KH2PO4, calcium tribasic phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, aluminum phosphate, and ferric phosphate) in nutrient solutions in a greenhouse. Plants grown with Po had lower root Pase activities than plants grown with Pi NB9040 and SC369–3–1JB (tolerant to low levels of P) had lower root Pase activities than CK60‐Korgi and SC33–9–8‐E4 (sensitive to low levels of P), with the other genotypes having intermediate root Pase activities. Higher root Pase activity was associated with lower root P concentrations, but Pase activity was not related to dry matter yield of roots. In experiments where genotypes were grown three weeks with KH2PO4 before being transferred to other sources of P, within four days root Pase activity patterns were similar to those for plants grown initially in the particular Po or Pi compound. Root Pase activity of sorghum plants appeared to be an indicator of P status or P deficiency stress in the plants, and not associated with making Po or Pi compounds more available for plant use. 相似文献
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Shonouda M Angeli S Schutz S Vidal S 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(9):1246-1251
Flowers of Ziziphus spina christi are known to be attractive for parasitoids and predators. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, the dried flowers attracted significantly (p < 0.001) the female parasitoids Aphelinus abdominalis. The flower volatile compounds were analyzed to understand which compounds could be specifically responsible for this attractiveness. The volatile compounds of Ziziphus flowers were extracted by closed-loop-stripping-analysis (CLSA) and also by solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The main chemical classes of the volatile compounds are aldehydes, monoterpene-alcohols, ketones and hydrocarbons. Flower extract and some specific compounds will be further tested for their responsiveness to predators and parasitoids in behavioural and electrophysiological experiments. 相似文献
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IMAGING DIAGNOSIS — USE OF MULTIPHASE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC UROGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF URETERAL TEAR IN A 6‐DAY‐OLD FOAL 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Francesca Beccati Marta Cercone Giovanni Angeli Isabella Santinelli Marco Pepe 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(1):E10-E15
A 6‐day‐old foal was evaluated for depression and inappetence. After initial stabilization, the filly developed a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and persistent hypercreatinemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed fluid accumulation around the left kidney and a well‐defined rounded fluid filled structure dorsal to the urinary bladder. Computed tomography revealed a partial tear of the left ureter with distension of the retroperitoneal membrane. Exploratory celiotomy was performed to allow left kidney nephrectomy. At 6 months follow‐up, the filly was growing normally without complications. Ultrasound and CT imaging in this case provided an accurate diagnosis and a presurgical aid to select the appropriate therapeutic approach. 相似文献