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Survey of Victorian small ruminant herds for mycoplasmas associated with contagious agalactia and molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri isolates from one herd 
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下载免费PDF全文 OM Olaogun A Kanci SR Barber KA Tivendale PF Markham MS Marenda GF Browning 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(10):392-400
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Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares. 相似文献
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares. 相似文献
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Objective: To investigate the relative efficacy and safety of the anthelmintic naphthalophos in sheep, either given alone or in combination with benzimidazole (fenbendazole and albendazole) or levamisole anthelmintics.
Design: A parasitological study using faecal egg count reduction tests, a validating slaughter trial and field safety trials.
Procedure: Faecal egg count reduction tests were carried out on 13 farms. Naphthalophos and combinations of naphthalophos with levamisole and fenbendazole were included in the drench tests. On one property a controlled efficacy study was carried out to validate faecal egg count reduction test findings. In this trial, sheep were slaughtered 10 days after treatment and the remaining parasites recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract. Safety trials were carried out on eight farms where approximately 50 000 sheep were treated with naphthalophos and albendazole that were tank mixed in the backpack.
Results: The efficacy of naphthalophos alone in faecal egg count reduction tests ranged from 59 to 98% with one test showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and levamisole ranged from 74 to 100%, with 5 farms showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and fenbendazole ranged between 88 and 100% with 95% reduction achieved on 10 farms. The controlled efficacy study showed a good correlation between the faecal egg count reduction tests and numbers of parasites recovered, except for Nematodirus where the faecal egg count reduction tests overestimated efficacy. The mortality rate in the safety trials was 0.05%, with most fatalities occurring on one farm.
Conclusion: The combination of naphthalophos and fenbendazole was more effective than a combination of naphthalophos and levamisole, and will provide a sufficiently safe drench rotation option. 相似文献
Design: A parasitological study using faecal egg count reduction tests, a validating slaughter trial and field safety trials.
Procedure: Faecal egg count reduction tests were carried out on 13 farms. Naphthalophos and combinations of naphthalophos with levamisole and fenbendazole were included in the drench tests. On one property a controlled efficacy study was carried out to validate faecal egg count reduction test findings. In this trial, sheep were slaughtered 10 days after treatment and the remaining parasites recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract. Safety trials were carried out on eight farms where approximately 50 000 sheep were treated with naphthalophos and albendazole that were tank mixed in the backpack.
Results: The efficacy of naphthalophos alone in faecal egg count reduction tests ranged from 59 to 98% with one test showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and levamisole ranged from 74 to 100%, with 5 farms showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and fenbendazole ranged between 88 and 100% with 95% reduction achieved on 10 farms. The controlled efficacy study showed a good correlation between the faecal egg count reduction tests and numbers of parasites recovered, except for Nematodirus where the faecal egg count reduction tests overestimated efficacy. The mortality rate in the safety trials was 0.05%, with most fatalities occurring on one farm.
Conclusion: The combination of naphthalophos and fenbendazole was more effective than a combination of naphthalophos and levamisole, and will provide a sufficiently safe drench rotation option. 相似文献
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Experimentally induced bovine sarcocystosis: correlation of in vitro lymphocyte function with structural changes in lymphoid tissue 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P F Frelier 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(8):1201-1207
The effect of acute bovine sarcocystosis was studied by correlating in vitro lymphocyte blast transformation studies with morphologic and hematologic changes. Yearling calves inoculated with 900,000 sporocysts (large dose) had decreased responses to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen and corresponding morphologic evidence of depletion of both T and B lymphocytes in all lymphoid organs examined during the first 4 weeks. The T-cell depletion was characterized by marked thymic atrophy. In lymph nodes denoting B-cell depletion, there were lymphoid follicular exhaustion and various degrees of follicular loss. Significant change in total circulating lymphocytes was not observed. All animals given this large dose died or were killed (in a moribund state) by 5 weeks after they were inoculated. Changes in mitogen responsiveness were not significant during the 4 weeks after yearling calves were inoculated with 90,000 sporocysts (small dose). The mitogenic effect of phytohemagglutinin was significantly greater than that of the control group during weeks 4 to 18. During this period, morphologic evidence of thymic cortical regeneration occurred. The results indicate that acute sarcocystosis is accompanied by a lymphoid abnormality which could result in immunosuppression, adding to the severity of natural infection. 相似文献
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G W Brumbaugh P F Frelier A J Roussel T D Thomson 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(4):544-546
Monensin sodium (0, 15, or 30 mg/kg of complete feed) was fed ad libitum for 1 week to female mice (strain C57BL6/J) that were genetically susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Ten mice in each of the 3 groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with M paratuberculosis (10(9) organisms). Sterile saline solution was injected intraperitoneally into 10 other mice in each group. Rations were continued for 50 days, then mice were euthanatized, and body weight, splenic weight, and hepatic weight for each mouse were recorded. Ratios of body weight to splenic weight and of body weight to hepatic weight were calculated for each mouse. Hepatic granulomas in 50 light microscopic fields were counted, and presence of acid-fast organisms in those granulomas was recorded. Infected mice given monensin had higher body weight and fewer hepatic granulomas than did mice not given monensin. Although hepatic granulomas were fewer in these mice, they contained acid-fast organisms. Effects of 15 mg of monensin and those of 30 mg of monensin/kg of complete feed were not different. 相似文献