Production of Lambs After the Transfer of Fresh and Cryopreserved in vitro Produced Embryos from Prepubertal Lamb Oocytes and Unsorted and Sex-sorted Frozen-thawed Spermatozoa     

KM Morton  SL Catt  FK Hollinshead  WMC Maxwell  G Evans 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(6):454-461

Cumulus-oocyte complexes from hormone-stimulated 3-4-week-old (n=43) and 6-7-week-old (n=12) prepubertal lambs were matured in vitro and incubated with unsorted, or X- or Y-spermatozoa separated with a high-speed cell sorter (SX MoFlo)frozen-thawed. Presumptive zygotes were then cultured to the blastocyst stage, and transferred to recipients fresh or after cryopreservation (frozen). Oocyte cleavage was higher (p <0.05) with unsorted (515/926, 55.6%) than X- or Y-spermatozoa (261/672, 38.8% and 229/651, 35.2%, respectively) and blastocyst formation (% zygotes) by Day 9 of in vitro culture was lower (p <0.05) for X- (102/261, 39.1%) than unsorted spermatozoa (249/515, 48.3%), but did not differ between Y-spermatozoa (103/229, 45.0%) and unsorted spermatozoa, or between X- and Y-spermatozoa (p >0.05). For fresh embryos, survival to term was 50.0% (3/6) for unsorted, 0.0% (0/6) for X- and 16.7% (1/6) for Y-spermatozoa-derived embryos (p >0.05), and for frozen embryos was 4.0% (2/50) for unsorted, 9.1% (2/22) for X- and 2.9% (1/34) Y-spermatozoa-derived embryos (p >0.05). Of the two lambs born from X-spermatozoa-derived embryos, one was female (50%), and from the two Y-spermatozoa-derived lambs, both were male (100%), demonstrating that lambs can be produced after the transfer of fresh and cryopreserved IVP embryos derived from prepubertal lamb oocytes and frozen-thawed sex-sorted sperm.  相似文献   

Meloxicam pharmacokinetics using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling in ferrets after single subcutaneous administration     

S. K. Chinnadurai  K. M. Messenger  M. G. Papich  C. A. Harms 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2014,37(4):382-387

This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, an oxicam class, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID), in ferrets. We determined the pharmacokinetic properties of a single subcutaneous dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) in nine male and nine female ferrets. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the cranial vena cava into heparinized syringes. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling to take advantage of the population‐based sampling scheme and to minimize sample volume collected per animal. Maximum plasma concentration, volume of distribution per absorption, and elimination half‐life were 0.663 μg/mL, 0.21 L, and 11.4 h, respectively, for females and 0.920 μg/mL, 0.35 L, and 17.8 h, respectively, for males. Significant differences were found in each of the above parameters between male and female ferrets. Systemic clearance per absorption was not affected by gender and was 13.4 mL/h. Analgesic efficacy was not evaluated, but plasma meloxicam concentrations achieved in these animals are considered effective in other species. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior of meloxicam should be taken into consideration when treating ferrets.  相似文献   

Device Applications of Side-Chain Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Polymer Films     

KM Blackwood 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5277):909-912

Side-chain ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers are currently used in a number of applications, including displays and electrical sensors. Comparisons with existing technologies and materials indicate that relative to ceramics, such polymers have lower figures of merit but offer greater durability in sensor applications.  相似文献   

Intravenous and sublingual buprenorphine in horses: pharmacokinetics and influence of sampling site     

Messenger KM  Davis JL  LaFevers DH  Barlow BM  Posner LP 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(4):374-384

ObjectiveTo describe the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of intravenous (IV) and sublingual (SL) buprenorphine in horses, and to determine the effect of sampling site on plasma concentrations after SL administration.Study designRandomized crossover experiment; prospective study.AnimalsEleven healthy adult horses between 6 and 20 years of age and weighing 487–592 kg.MethodsIn the first phase; buprenorphine was administered as a single IV or SL dose (0.006 mg kg^?1) and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each route of administration using a noncompartmental model. In the second phase; the jugular and lateral thoracic veins were catheterized for simultaneous venous blood sampling, following a dose of 0.006 mg kg^?1 SL buprenorphine. For both phases, plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. At each sampling period, horses were assessed for behavioral excitement and gastrointestinal motility.ResultsFollowing IV administration, buprenorphine mean ± SD half-life was 5.79 ± 1.09 hours. Systemic clearance (Cl) following IV administration was 6.13 ± 0.86 mL kg^?1 minute^?1 and volume of distribution at steady-state was 3.16 ± 0.65 L kg^?1. Following IV administration, horses showed signs of excitement. Gastrointestinal sounds were decreased following both routes of administration; however, none of the horses exhibited signs of colic. There was a significant discrepancy between plasma buprenorphine concentrations measured in the jugular vein versus the lateral thoracic vein following phase 2, thus pharmacokinetic parameters following SL buprenorphine are not reported.Conclusions and clinical relevanceBuprenorphine has a long plasma half-life and results in plasma concentrations that are consistent with analgesia in other species for up to 4 hours following IV administration of this dose in horses. While buprenorphine is absorbed into the circulation following SL administration, jugular venous sampling gave a false measurement of the quantity absorbed and should not be used to study the uptake from SL administration.  相似文献   

Impact features on Stardust: implications for comet 81P/Wild 2 dust     

Hörz F  Bastien R  Borg J  Bradley JP  Bridges JC  Brownlee DE  Burchell MJ  Chi M  Cintala MJ  Dai ZR  Djouadi Z  Dominguez G  Economou TE  Fairey SA  Floss C  Franchi IA  Graham GA  Green SF  Heck P  Hoppe P  Huth J  Ishii H  Kearsley AT  Kissel J  Leitner J  Leroux H  Marhas K  Messenger K  Schwandt CS  See TH  Snead C  Stadermann FJ  Stephan T  Stroud R  Teslich N  Trigo-Rodríguez JM  Tuzzolino AJ  Troadec D  Tsou P  Warren J  Westphal A  Wozniakiewicz P  Wright I  Zinner E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1716-1719

Particles emanating from comet 81P/Wild 2 collided with the Stardust spacecraft at 6.1 kilometers per second, producing hypervelocity impact features on the collector surfaces that were returned to Earth. The morphologies of these surprisingly diverse features were created by particles varying from dense mineral grains to loosely bound, polymineralic aggregates ranging from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size. The cumulative size distribution of Wild 2 dust is shallower than that of comet Halley, yet steeper than that of comet Grigg-Skjellerup.  相似文献   

Organic globules in the Tagish Lake meteorite: remnants of the protosolar disk     

Nakamura-Messenger K  Messenger S  Keller LP  Clemett SJ  Zolensky ME 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1439-1442

Coordinated transmission electron microscopy and isotopic measurements of organic globules in the Tagish Lake meteorite shows that they have elevated ratios of nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14 (1.2 to 2 times terrestrial) and of deuterium to hydrogen (2.5 to 9 times terrestrial). These isotopic anomalies are indicative of mass fractionation during chemical reactions at extremely low temperatures (10 to 20 kelvin), characteristic of cold molecular clouds and the outer protosolar disk. The globules probably originated as organic ice coatings on preexisting grains that were photochemically processed into refractory organic matter. The globules resemble cometary carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) particles, suggesting that such grains were important constituents of the solar system starting materials.  相似文献   

Effect of fentanyl on the induction dose and minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone preventing movement in female dogs     

Katherine Bennett  Reza Seddighi  Kaitlin Moorhead  Kristen Messenger  Sherry Cox  Xiaocun Sun  Kirby Pasloske  Thomas Doherty 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):885.e2-885.e3

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Impact of Distillery Effluent on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in a Vertisol of Central India     

AK Biswas  Pankaj Sharma  KM Hati  S Ramana  AB Singh 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(17):2189-2196

Distilleries produce a huge quantity of effluents, popularly known as spent wash (SW), which when bio-methanated produce post-methanation effluents (PME). A field experiment on soybean–wheat system was conducted for five consecutive years in a Vertisol of central India to evaluate the effect of distillery effluent (DE) on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Ten treatment combinations consisting of control, 100% NPK + Farmyard Manure (FYM), and graded level of SW and PME were applied. Total carbon content of soil increased significantly with applications of FYM and DE. SW was found superior in enhancing carbon content of soil in comparison to PME. Farmyard Manure contributed more carbon toward the recalcitrant pool, whereas DE contributed more carbon toward the active and slow pool. Nitrogen (N) availability was significantly improved with the application of DE. Balanced application of DE may act as amendment for increasing C and N stocks in Vertisol.  相似文献   

Classical swine fever in Victorian domestic pigs: evidence of disease freedom     

JC Hunnam  KM Moore  P Daniel  MA Stevenson  SE Salmon 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(11):447-451

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Effect of fentanyl on the induction dose and minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone preventing movement in dogs     

Katherine J. Bennett  Reza Seddighi  Kaitlin A. Moorhead  Kristin Messenger  Sherry K. Cox  Xiaocun Sun  Kirby Pasloske  Bruno H. Pypendop  Thomas J. Doherty 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):173-181

Objective

To determine the effect of fentanyl on the induction dose and minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus (MIR_NM) in dogs.

Study design

Experimental crossover design.

Animals

A group of six healthy, adult, intact female mixed-breed dogs, weighing 19.7 ± 1.3 kg.

Methods

Dogs were randomly administered one of three treatments at weekly intervals: premedication with 0.9% saline (treatment A), fentanyl 5 μg kg^–1 (treatment ALF) or fentanyl 10 μg kg^–1 (treatment AHF), administered intravenously over 5 minutes. Anesthesia was induced 5 minutes later with incremental doses of alfaxalone to achieve intubation and was maintained for 90 minutes in A with alfaxalone (0.12 mg kg^–1 minute^–1), in ALF with alfaxalone (0.09 mg kg^–1 minute^–1) and fentanyl (0.1 μg kg^–1 minute^–1) and in AHF with alfaxalone (0.06 mg kg^–1 minute^–1) and fentanyl (0.2 μg kg^–1 minute^–1). The alfaxalone infusion was increased or decreased by 0.006 mg kg^–1 minute^–1 based on positive or negative response to antebrachium stimulation (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms). Data were analyzed using a mixed-model anova and presented as least squares means ± standard error.

Results

Alfaxalone induction doses were 3.50 ± 0.13 (A), 2.17 ± 0.10 (ALF) and 1.67 ± 0.10 mg kg^–1 (AHF) and differed among treatments (p < 0.05). Alfaxalone MIR_NM was 0.17 ± 0.01 (A), 0.10 ± 0.01 (ALF) and 0.07 ± 0.01 mg kg^–1 minute^–1 (AHF) and differed among treatments. ALF and AHF decreased the MIR_NM by 44 ± 8% and 62 ± 5%, respectively (p < 0.05). Plasma alfaxalone concentrations at MIR_NM were 5.82 ± 0.48 (A), 4.40 ± 0.34 (ALF) and 2.28 ± 0.09 μg mL^–1 (AHF).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Fentanyl, at the doses studied, significantly decreased the alfaxalone induction dose and MIR_NM.  相似文献