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Veronica Bianchi Grazia Masciandaro Brunello Ceccanti Serena Doni Renato Iannelli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,210(1-4):187-195
A meso-scale pilot plant was set up to test the efficiency of a phytoremediation technique applied to slightly contaminated marine sediments dredged from the port of Livorno (central Italy). The technique applied involved the use of plants (a grass species, Paspalum vaginatum and a shrub species, Tamarix gallica) and earthworms (Eisenia foetida sp.) in order to recreate an active ecosystem in which plants, micro- and macroorganisms could interact with each other through the rhizosphere, for the adsorption, extraction and/or degradation of pollutants. This system enables plants to grow in a fine textured and salt medium highly unsuitable for plant species, and a physical, chemical and biological amelioration of the matrix was observed at the end of the experimentation (after 9 months). The sediment was bio-physically pre-conditioned by mixing it with calcareous material from excavating activities (5:1?v/v) and applying green compost. The presence of microorganisms in the rhizosphere and the earthworms produced a reduction by about 50% of the initial total petroleum hydrocarbon content. The use of a natural chelator with phyto-hormonal properties (humic substances) showed their capability of forming stable complexes, especially with Pb, and their contribution as an agronomic fertiliser. The combined effect of the P. vaginatum and T. gallica in the extraction of heavy metals from the sediment showed promisingly high percentages of metal effectively extracted in comparison with its available fraction (e.g. available Ni = 6.2%; Ni extracted = 15.7%). The technique proposed could be promising for an operational re-use of dredged marine sediments for agricultural purposes, a suitable final destination for the great majority of these contaminated materials from rivers and harbour docks. 相似文献
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Soil Bioremediation: Combination of Earthworms and Compost for the Ecological Remediation of a Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brunello Ceccanti Grazia Masciandaro Carlos Garcia Cristina Macci Serena Doni 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,171(1-4):383-397
A three-dimensional (3D) off-line chemical transport model (CTM) has been used to study an Arctic ozone minihole event in early December 2002, when the meteorological conditon were severely colder than in recent years. The minimum temperatures were below 188 K on 6 December 2002 and remained below 195 K for the entire month. Such temperatures are low enough for the formation of PSCs (polar stratospheric clouds) which were observed by a visible/near infrared solar occultation instrument by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III experiment. The SLIMCAT model compares well with the depth and evolution of the ozone distribution as observed by the second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME). The combined effect of a very strong and large intrusion of sub-tropical air, and uplifting of air masses of low ozone concentrations from the troposphere plays important role in the fomation of the ozone minihole. The modelled chemical ozone loss rate was relatively fast in the lower stratosphere in the region of frequent PSCs and higher levels of ClO and BrO. The observed PSCs in the vicinity of the minihole supports the model-predicted location of PSCs and chlorine activation. However, ozone miniholes have been attributed almost entirely to dynamical effects due to its short duration. 相似文献
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Doni Febri Suhaimi Nurul Shamsinah Mohd Mohamed Zulqarnain Ishak Nazri Mispan Muhamad Shakirin 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(6):491-494
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Leaf blight is one of the most serious threats to rice agroecosystems worldwide, and the yield reduction due to this disease can be as high as 70%. For... 相似文献
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Giovanni Pardini Maria Gispert Mohamed Emran Serena Doni 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(2):499-514
Purpose
Shallow soils previously cultivated under terraced systems may change their properties after agricultural release and spontaneous plant colonization. Investigations were conducted in terraced fields (NE Spain) to prove that vegetation installed after the abandonment may generally improve soil properties by the formation of stable organic horizons. However, restriction in plant species along the natural vegetation succession and intensification of erosion processes may occur after abandonment depending on fire frequency and soil use history.Materials and methods
Ten environments with different plant covers under a Lithic Xerorthent were selected and erosion plots (Gerlach type) installed providing their best adaptability at the terrace scale. Selected soil environments represented the sequence of abandonment: from current poorly cultivated soils, soils under pasture, soils under shrubs, and soils under stands of pine and cork trees. Relevant rainfall events producing runoff and erosion were recorded from November 2011 to May 2012. Erosion rates and erosion components were analysed in sediments and water in order to monitor carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient removal by overland flow. Similarly, the physical and chemical properties of the soil environments under study were determined at the same time interval of runoff erosion.Results and discussion
Soils under pasture, vines and recently burnt pine forest produced the highest runoff followed by soils under shrubs and forest. However, eroded soil yields and nutrient removal were much higher in cultivated soils and soils in recently burnt sites, which had shown poorer soil properties with respect to soils abandoned for longer and preserved by fire. Fire-affected soil environments also showed a thinner organic horizon and reduced water retention. Although erosion rates and nutrient depletion were low in all environments with respect to other areas of Spain, higher splash than water erosion was an early warning indicator of the high susceptibility to degradation of these shallow soils.Conclusions
Results outlined that the renaturalization dynamics after agricultural abandonment are complex biophysical processes involving the parent material, depth to bedrock and other soil properties as well as the succession of vegetative cover and plant associations responsible for building a new soil mantle contrasting with erosion processes. Planning for management of land abandonment is strongly recommended.5.
Grazia Masciandaro Cristina Macci Serena Doni Bianca Elena Maserti A. Calvo-Bado Leo Brunello Ceccanti Elizabeth Wellington 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(9):2156-2161
A study was made of the efficiency of three different extractants, 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate (pH 7), 67 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6) and 0.5 M potassium sulphate (pH 6.6), in recovering the protein quantity and the β-glucosidase enzyme activity from two natural forest soils: (1) an Inceptisoil located in Tuscany (Italy) in a mild Mediterranean climate, and (2) a Lithic Calcixeroll soil located in Murcia (south-east of Spain) in a dry-semiarid climate. The pyrophosphate was used to determine the activity of extracellular-humic-bound proteins, while the phosphate buffer and potassium sulphate were used to extract dissolved extracellular proteins. The latter extractant, after chloroform fumigation, was also used to measure total proteins in soil. A preliminary screening, using SDS-PAGE in one dimension, was also carried out in order to optimize the separation condition of soil proteins extracted with different buffers. To remove the interfering co-extracted substances (humic acid) a purification step using a column packed with insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone was performed. The highest β-glucosidase activity was recovered in the pyrophosphate extract, thus confirming its capability of extracting humic-bound β-glucosidase enzyme in a stable and active form. The extractants performed differently with the two soil types and band patterns obtained with SDS-PAGE were extractant-specific, demonstrating that each was selective for a particular class of proteins. Surprisingly, protein bands were also obtained using pyrophosphate, in spite of the very dark extract colour due to the presence of humic substances. 相似文献
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Cristina Macci Serena Doni Eleonora Peruzzi Carmelo Mennone Grazia Masciandaro 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):335-345
Many studies have confirmed the validity of plant cover and organic farming in ameliorating soil quality. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficiency of rehabilitation practices in a degraded soil ecosystem consisting of: (i) organic or inorganic fertilization; and (ii) presence or absence of almond trees. The experiments were carried out for 2 years in the South of Italy in three fields characterized by different slope (0%, 2%, and 6%). Each field was split up into two parts, one assigned to organic fertilization and the other assigned to mineral fertilization, and planted with almond trees using GF677 or Franco rootstocks. The results showed that the organic fertilization, particularly in the presence of the Franco rootstock, resulted more effective in increasing soil organic matter content and microbial activity especially in the 0% and 2% slopes. However, in the 6% slope, where a lower soil metabolism was observed, an improvement of chemical and biochemical soil properties was generally evident for both fertilization systems. The Franco rootstock improved soil quality and maintaining a good production, whereas the GF677 has exploited more soil resources, resulting in a higher growth and yield; therefore, the use of almond tree with Franco rootstock associated with organic matter application is a useful practice in order to preserve soil quality and to rehabilitate degraded soils. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Brunello Ceccanti Serena Doni Cristina Macci Giovanni Cercignani Grazia Masciandaro 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(9):2174-2177
Conventional parameters (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, humic acids and fulvic acids) frequently associated with soil quality were measured and compared with the amount and activity of β-glucosidases associated with the humic–enzyme complex. Soil quality may be defined as the maintenance of an “enzymatically active humic carbon pool” which may express soil resilience and ecological functions. The combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and isoelectric focussing (IEF) permitted the extraction and purification of the humic-bound β-glucosidases. Even though humic-β-glucosidases represent only a small part of soil humic matter either in terms of total soil β-glucosidase activity (3–21%) or as a proportion of the humic-C content (4–8%), they proved to be discriminating parameters (significative differences at P < 0.05) for defining soil biochemical quality. Specifically, on the basis of the amount of β-glucosidase activity in the humic fraction >104 Da (IEF peaks in the pH range 3.5–4.5), the soils were distributed in a decreasing order of quality: undisturbed meadow > tree plantation > 60-year vineyard > agricultural soil > 1-year vineyard. 相似文献
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