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3个因素对全株玉米青贮品质的影响及互作效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨品种、收获期和添加剂3个因素对全株玉米青贮品质的影响。青贮玉米原料为桂青贮1号、豫青贮23和北农青贮208,玉米分别于乳熟期、完熟期收割,分别采用复合乳酸菌A和复合添加剂B进行青贮发酵,发酵35 d后采样检测营养成分。结果表明:3个品种中,北农青贮208全株玉米青贮饲料的乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)含量最高,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量最低;与完熟期相比,乳熟期全株玉米青贮饲料p H和NDF含量显著降低,粗蛋白(CP)和水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著增加;乳酸菌剂A增加了LA、WSC和CP含量,复合添加剂B显著提高了LA、WSC和ADF含量;从互作效应看,北农青贮208×乳熟期处理有较高的LA和CP含量;豫青贮23×乳酸菌剂A和豫青贮23×复合添加剂B处理的p H较低且有较高的LA、CP和WSC含量;在乳熟期收获的桂青贮1号和豫青贮23添加乳酸菌剂A能获得p H较低且CP含量较高的全株玉米青贮饲料;乳熟期收获的北农青贮208添加乳酸菌剂A或复合添加剂B均能获得品质较优的青贮饲料。品种、收获期及添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质均有影响,并产生一定的互作效应。 相似文献
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全株玉米青贮是奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)的重要组成成分,具有极高的营养价值和饲喂价值。随着我国奶牛养殖行业的发展,对奶牛饲喂水平的要求也逐渐提升,那么,提高全株玉米青贮的品质就是其中一个重要环节。为研究添加菌制剂与菌-酶制剂对全株玉米青贮常规指标的影响,选择在黑龙江省某规模化牧场同时制作3种不同青贮添加剂处理的全株玉米青贮,分别为添加菌制剂处理、添加菌-酶制剂处理和作为对照无添加剂制作的全株玉米青贮,待青贮发酵完成后采样,进行感官评定,每种青贮采集3个样品,采样后分别测定其p H值,NH_3-N浓度,DM、CP、Ash、NDF、ADF、EE、SS、Ca和P等指标进行数据分析。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加菌制剂可显著降低全株玉米青贮的氨态氮浓度(P<0.05),两种添加剂均可显著提高青贮的干物质和粗蛋白含量(P<0.05),添加菌-酶制剂可显著降低青贮的粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),提高磷的含量(P<0.05),且青贮饲料中的中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于无添加剂青贮的含量(P<0.05)。可以看出,添加菌制剂和菌-酶制剂可以提高全株玉米青贮的品质,且菌-酶制剂青贮效果更佳。 相似文献
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为探讨前期筛选出的5株对好氧细菌、酵母菌和霉菌具有优良抑菌活性乳酸菌的复合物及其与CaCO3、酶及尿素不同组合对全株玉米青贮发酵品质及营养成分的影响,进一步筛选优质复合青贮生物制剂,共设置7个不同组合添加物进行全株玉米青贮,并设空白对照组,测定青贮3、10和30 d时其发酵品质和营养成分的变化情况。结果表明,添加5株乳酸菌混合剂有提高全株玉米青贮发酵品质和营养品质的趋势;同时添加CaCO3和复合乳酸菌能进一步增加青贮饲料的乳酸(LA)和乙酸(AA)产量,尤其是AA产量,防止pH值过分降低,也有提高青贮营养品质的趋势;同时添加尿素和复合乳酸菌能进一步提高青贮的AA和氨态氮的含量,防止pH值过分降低,显著提高粗蛋白(CP)含量,从而提高青贮营养品质;纤维素酶和淀粉酶复合物可以提高发酵产物的水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量及LA和AA产量,改善青贮发酵品质;复合CaCO3、尿素、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和复合乳酸菌的添加对提高全株玉米青贮的发酵品质和营养品质的效果最好;全株玉米青贮发酵品质和营养品质在前3 d变化最快,发酵不同阶段不同添加组合的变化不尽一致。 相似文献
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探讨不同混合比例和添加剂对菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮饲料品质的影响,为调制高质量的混合青贮饲料提供理论依据。以菊苣和青贮玉米为原料,按质量比0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和1∶0 (分别用0C1M、1C3M、1C1M、3C1M、1C0M表示)进行混合青贮,并分别设置3个添加剂处理,即零添加、5 g·t-1乳酸菌+5 g·t-1纤维素酶(LX)和10 g·t-1乳酸菌+5 g·t-1纤维素酶(2LX),青贮60 d后测定混合青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。结果显示,菊苣与青贮玉米混合比例为0∶1和1∶1时青贮饲料的感官评价优于其余3种混合比例的,而且添加剂处理感官评定优于零添加处理的。菊苣和青贮玉米混合青贮可以形成养分互补,有助于均衡青贮饲料整体营养,在青贮原料中添加添加剂则可以提高青贮饲料发酵品质。混合青贮饲料的营养价值随菊苣比例增加而显著提高,但是发酵品质在菊苣混合青贮比例高于1∶1时显著降低。综合判定菊苣和青贮玉米1∶1混合时其青贮饲料品质最佳,其中又以1C1M/2LX处理最好,纤维组分(NDF和ADF)和氨态氮/总氮含量较低而粗蛋白和乳酸含量较高。 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨用不同添加剂对全株玉米型日粮化学成分、pH和发酵品质的影响。试验将常用的肉牛全混合日粮分成16份,每份1 kg,随机分为4组,每组4份,对照组不添加任何添加剂进行普通发酵,处理1组添加20 g/kg糖蜜,处理2组添加3 g/kg丙酸,处理3组为联合发酵组(20 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg丙酸),青贮6周后,收集样品进行后续分析。结果:糖蜜青贮组干物质、乳酸和乳酸菌含量较对照组分别显著提高11.94%、19.82%和23.20%(P<0.05),但处理组丁酸、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组全株玉米型日粮青贮7和14 d后pH显著降低(P<0.05)。青贮1 d和14 d,糖蜜组乳酸含量较对照组分别显著提高19.93%和71.77%(P<0.05),而青贮7 d,丙酸组乳酸含量较对照组显著提高17.42%(P<0.05)。青贮1、7和14 d,糖蜜组和丙酸组全株玉米型日粮氨氮与总氮比值均显著降低(P<0.05)。青贮1和7 d后糖蜜组全株玉米型日粮中乳酸菌含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),青贮14 d后,处理组乳酸菌数量较对照组分别显著降低了10.75%、16.05%和17.17%(P<0.05)。结论:在全株玉米型日粮中添加20 g/kg糖蜜可以提高青贮产物乳酸含量,同时改善发酵好氧稳定性,添加3 g/kg丙酸发酵虽然降低了青贮过程中乳酸产量,但提高了发酵产物水溶性碳水化合物含量。 相似文献
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为研究乳酸菌及丙酸钙对全株玉米和燕麦青贮饲料发酵品质、营养品质、微生物数量、霉菌毒素含量及有氧稳定性的影响,利用蒸馏水（CK组）、复合乳酸菌（LAB组,添加量为5×105 CFU·g-1鲜样）、丙酸钙（PACA组,添加量为鲜草重的0.4%）以及乳酸菌和丙酸钙复合（LAB+PACA）分别添加进全株玉米和燕麦原料中青贮120 d。结果表明：全株玉米青贮饲料发酵品质优良而萎蔫后的燕麦青贮丁酸和氨态氮含量较高。添加剂在不同青贮饲料中表现不同。所有添加剂均显著提高了燕麦青贮饲料的乳酸和乙酸含量,降低了pH值、氨态氮、丁酸含量和酵母菌数量（P<0.05）。而PACA和LAB+PACA组则显著提高了玉米青贮饲料中的淀粉和可溶性碳水化合物含量和有氧稳定性并且降低了霉菌和酵母菌数量（P<0.05）。LAB和LAB+PACA的使用有效降低了玉米青贮饲料中的黄曲霉毒素B1含量（P<0.05）。在两种青贮饲料中丙酸含量只有PACA和LAB+PACA组能够显著增加。因此,添加剂尤其是LAB+PACA的复合添加对于提高玉米和燕麦青贮饲料的青贮品质和安全性具有重要作用。 相似文献
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以紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）为原料,分别添加植物乳杆菌WN5（Lactobacillus plantarum WN5,保藏号为CGMCC NO.7469）和干酪乳杆菌SN3（L.casei SN3,CGMCC NO.7470）的菌液,以及菌液与蔗糖、纤维素酶的混合液后青贮,探讨添加剂对苜蓿青贮料品质和乳酸菌群的影响。结果表明：苜蓿直接青贮发酵品质差;添加剂可改善苜蓿青贮料的发酵品质;添加乳酸菌和蔗糖对于苜蓿青贮饲料的营养价值和乳酸菌群有更明显的改善,青贮饲料中乳酸菌群占绝对优势,植物乳杆菌WN5和其他乳酸菌存活,但乳酸菌种类因蔗糖浓度不同而有差异;添加10 mL乳酸菌和2.0 g蔗糖的效果最好,其苜蓿青贮饲料的pH最低,粗蛋白、甲酸、乙酸和丙酸的含量最高,乳酸菌群的遗传差异大。乳酸菌和蔗糖作为优质添加剂,在苜蓿青贮发酵过程中可以保留大量不同种类的乳酸菌群,从而有利于形成品质良好的青贮苜蓿。 相似文献
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添加剂对尖叶胡枝子青贮发酵品质及体外消化率的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以尖叶胡枝子为原料,添加乳酸菌制剂LaLsIL dry(0.000 5%,0.001 0%,0.002 0%和0.007 0%)和Micromanger H/M(0.001 135%,0.003 405%和0.004 450%),在实验室条件下制作小型塑料袋青贮,贮藏90 d,分析乳酸菌制剂对尖叶胡枝子青贮保存性能和消化率的影响。 结果表明,添加LaLsIL dry和Micromanger H/M可显著提高胡枝子青贮的乳酸含量(P<0.05),降低丁酸和氨态氮含量 (P<0.05)。通过Flieg青贮饲料评分方案得出尖叶胡枝子直接青贮饲料的发酵品质最差,等级为劣,而2种乳酸菌添加剂处理的青贮品质均明显好于对照组。LaLsIL dry和Micromanger H/M各处理均明显改善了尖叶胡枝子青贮饲料的发酵品质,同时也明显提高了尖叶胡枝子青贮饲料的干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的体外消化率。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献