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1.
4个绵羊品种双肌臀基因基因型的检测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
绵羊的双肌臀(Callipyge, CLPG)基因表型为后臀肌肉增大近30%,是由位于绵羊18号染色体GTL2基因上游32.8 kb处存在1个A→G的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记(命名为SNP CLPG)产生的,该SNP标记的存在与CLPG表型完全吻合。通过对SNP CLPG的分子检测,期望发现CLPG基因型种羊,为今后选育肉用性状更优异的新品系奠定基础。为此,选择设计合成了1对引物,采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,分别以引进的纯种陶塞特羊、特克塞尔羊、夏洛莱羊和美利奴羊作为研究样本,进行了SNP CLPG位点的PCR检测。获得了预期的493 bp扩增片段,并检测到CLPG基因型特征性的SNP CLPG突变(A→G)。  相似文献   

2.
绵羊的双肌臀(Callipyge)基因表现型为后臀肌肉增大近30%,由位于绵羊第18号常染色体上基因上游存在一个N→C的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记(命名为SNPCLPG)产生的,该SNP标记的存在与Callipyge表现完全吻合。为此,根据已知多态性,选择设计合成了1对引物,以多浪羊为研究对象,对PCR扩增产物直接测序,进行了SNPCLPG位点的检测。获得303bp的扩增片断,测序后进行序列分析,发现在38bp处碱基产生A到G的突变,在80、92、149、219bp处碱基产生T到C的突变。  相似文献   

3.
绵羊跨膜蛋白154基因(Transmembrane protein 154,TMEM154)多态性与进行性肺炎的易感或抗性有关。本研究以绵羊TEME154基因第2外显子G103A(E35/K35)位点SNP为候选分子标记,利用PCR直接测序法检测TEME154基因型,对该基因在新疆地区8个绵羊品种(阿勒泰羊、哈萨克羊、巴音布鲁克羊、多浪羊、策勒黑羊、巴什拜羊、德国美利奴羊和中国美利奴羊)的遗传多态性进行分析。结果表明:绵羊TMEM154基因在第2外显子103bp处发生了G-A突变,PCR测序共检测到3种基因型;即AA、AG和GG,G103A位点的GG(E35)基因型与绵羊进行性肺炎的高敏感性相关,在阿勒泰羊、哈萨克羊、巴音布鲁克羊、多浪羊、策勒黑羊和巴什拜羊群体中属于优势基因型,而在中国美利奴羊和德国美利奴羊群体中比例较低。方差分析表明,该位点的基因型频率在阿勒泰羊、哈萨克羊、巴音布鲁克羊、多浪羊、策勒黑羊和巴什拜羊等进行性肺炎高敏感群体和中国美利奴羊和德国美利奴羊等低敏感群体间存在显著差异(P0.05)。本研究结果提示,绵羊TMEM154基因第2外显子G103A位点多态性在进行性肺炎高敏感与低敏感的绵羊群体中分布存在较大差异,该SNP可作为一个理想的分子标记应用于绵羊的抗病育种。  相似文献   

4.
美丽臀(callipyge,CLPG)及肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)是全世界公认的与肌肉生长发育相关的基因,突变后分别产生“美丽臀”和“双肌”的优良性状。为研究国外进口品种澳洲白绵羊是否携带2种基因的突变位点,本试验以澳洲白绵羊为试验动物,采用PCR-RFLP技术对CLPG、MSTN基因的多态性进行分型。结果发现:CLPG基因上有1个C→T的SNP位点,澳洲白绵羊群体中有CC和CT 2种基因型;MSTN基因在3'-UTR区发现1个G→A的SNP位点,澳洲白绵羊群体中有GG和GA 2种基因型。用R语言程序对所测数据进行性别间不同基因型与生长发育状况的单因素方差分析得知,CLPG和MSTN基因不同基因型对澳洲白公羊体重、体高、体斜长、尻宽、背膘厚和眼肌面积均无显著性影响(P>0.05);CLPG基因CT基因型在母羊体重上显著高于CC基因型(P<0.05),在体斜长上极显著高于CC基因型(P<0.01),MSTN基因GA基因型母羊眼肌面积极显著高于GG基因型(P<0.01)。澳大利亚进口澳洲白绵羊中筛选到含有CLPG和MSTN基因的突变位点,且该突变位点对绵羊体尺性状有显著性作用,因此澳洲白绵羊引进后可以作为改良本地羊品种、基因聚合及三元配套系的终端父本。  相似文献   

5.
设计3对引物,应用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术检测GnRHR基因外显子1和外显子3在会理黑山羊和波尔山羊中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP),同时研究该基因与会理黑山羊产羔性状的相关性。结果表明:引物P1扩增片段具有多态性,其余2对引物的扩增片段都不存在多态性;对于引物P1扩增片段,在会理黑山羊和波尔山羊中均检测到AA和AC基因型;测序分析发现AC型与AA型相比在外显子1有2处突变(A74G、G101A),但未引起氨基酸改变;会理黑山羊AA和AC基因型频率分别为0.72和0.28,AC型平均产羔数比AA型显著多0.48只(P0.05)。因此,GnRHR基因可以作为会理黑山羊多胎性状的一个有效分子标记。  相似文献   

6.
山羊抑制素βA基因多态性的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
抑制素βA(inhibin-βA,INHβA)是性腺分泌的一种糖蛋白激素,它具有抑制垂体促卵泡素合成和分泌的作用,采用PCR-SSCP(聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性)技术分析了INHβA在黄淮山羊、长江三角洲白山羊和波尔山羊等3个山羊品种中的多态性,结果表明,引物1和引物3在黄淮山羊和长江三角洲白山羊中都存在多态性,引物1的基因型为AA、AB型,不存在BB型,引物3的基因型为CC、CD型,不存在DD型,但在波尔羊中,引物1和引物3均没有检测到多态性。测序结果表明,AB型与AA型相比在第110 bp处有一个G碱基的缺失,123 bp处有一处G→A的碱基突变,CC型和CD型相比在第72 bp处存在T→C的突变。  相似文献   

7.
根据GenBank发布的绵羊促性腺激素释放激素受体(gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor,GnRHR)基因序列设计2对引物,采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术分析GnRHR基因外显子2和3在甘肃肉羊新品种选育群中的单核苷酸多态性,并与产羔性状进行关联分析。结果表明,在甘肃肉羊新品种选育群GnRHR基因外显子2检测到GG、GH、HH基因型,基因型频率分别为0.784(160)、0.206(42)0、.010(2),序列测序结果发现在编码区第198位碱基发生突变G→C,导致G变成R(甘氨酸→精氨酸)变化;GnRHR基因外显子3检测到MM、MN基因型,基因型频率分别为0.882(180)0、.118(24),序列测序结果发现在第257位碱基发生突变A→G,导致Q变成R(谷氨酰胺→精氨酸)。GnRHR基因外显子2突变对新品种群羊繁殖力高低影响极显著,突变纯合基因型(HH)绵羊平均产羔数比野生纯合型(GG)多0.981只(P=0.006<0.01);外显子3突变对新品种群羊繁殖力高低也有显著影响,MN基因型羊平均产羔数比MM基因型多0.688只(P=0.029<0.05)。由此可推测GnRHR基因可能是控制新品种群羊产羔性能的一个主效基因或是与之存在紧密连锁的一个遗传标记。  相似文献   

8.
本研究采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析方法检测3个绵羊的促黄体素受体(LHR)基因第11外显子的多态性.结果表明,促黄体素受体(LHR)外显子11在小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊中存在3种基因型,记为AA、BB和AB.小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊的AA、BB和AB基因型频率分别为:0.045、0、0.174;0.659、0.902、0.565;0.295、0.098、0.261.测序结果发现,不同基因型之间有5个位点发生突变,其中在37位发生G、A突变;在49位发生T、C突变;在93位发生T、C突变;在139位发生T、G突变;在184位发生A、G突变.  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在研究肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因多态性及其对东佛里生羊生长性状的影响。从324只东佛里生羊全血中提取DNA,对MSTN基因外显子序列和非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)序列进行PCR扩增,采用一代测序技术鉴定单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,分析不同位点的遗传多态性,并将不同基因型与东佛里生羊的生长性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在东佛里生羊MSTN基因外显子中未检测到突变;在3'-UTR区的272 bp处存在G→A单碱基突变,该位点只检测到AG和AA基因型,且AA基因型频率高于AG基因型;在5'-UTR区的176 bp处存在C→A突变,该位点只检测到CC和AC基因型,且CC基因型频率高于AC基因型。遗传多样性参数分析结果表明,东佛里生羊群体MSTN基因3'-UTR-272和5'-UTR-176位点的纯合度分别为0.827和0.887,杂合度分别为0.173和0.113,2个位点的多态性均较低(PIC<0.25),其群体基因型分布均符合哈代-温伯格平衡(P>0.05)。关联分析发现,3'-UTR-272位点AG基因型体斜长显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),5'-UTR-176位点CC基因型胸围显著高于AC基因型(P<0.05),其余指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,东佛里生羊MSTN基因3'-UTR和5'-UTR突变位点可作为其目标性状选育的分子标记。  相似文献   

10.
本研究采用候选基因法对与繁殖性能有关的遗传标记进行筛选,旨在为山羊高产仔数的标记辅助选择提供确切的遗传依据。参考牛的促性腺激素释放激素受体(Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor,GnRHR)基因序列设计4对引物,采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术检测GnRHR基因在波尔山羊以及我国西南地区9个地方山羊品种中的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),同时在川东白山羊、古蔺马羊和贵州白山羊3个群体中研究该基因多态性与山羊产仔数之间的相关性。结果显示,4对引物中只有引物P1扩增片段检测出多态性。对于P1的扩增片段,在不同的山羊品种中检测到AA、GG和AG 3种基因型,测序分析表明GG与AA型相比有一处单碱基突变(154G→A)。AA基因型个体在3个群体中产羔数最小二乘均值都显著高于GG和AG基因型个体(P<0.05),GA基因型个体在古蔺马羊中的产羔数显著高于GG型个体(P<0.05),而在其它2个品种中差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究结果初步表明山羊GnRHR基因的突变与其繁殖性能有关,可能是影响山羊繁殖率的一个因素。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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