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为鉴定阿拉尔市散养鸡感染的线虫种类,采用形态学观察和PCR法对阿拉尔市2只林下散养鸡盲肠中发现的43条线虫进行种类鉴定。经形态学观察,虫体外观呈白色短线状,两端较细;雌虫阴门到尾端距离为4.12～6.35 mm;口腔短,食道前部圆柱状;雄虫尾端有2根不等长的交合刺,初步鉴定为鸡异刺线虫。基于线虫ITS基因位点,对2条虫体DNA进行PCR扩增和测序,经序列比对,2条虫体序列与我国四川省鸡源异刺线虫序列同源性为99.90%,鉴定为鸡异刺线虫。种系发育分析显示,本研究所获鸡源异刺线虫序列与禽源异刺线虫同处于1个进化支,与其他异刺线虫属的线虫形成不同分支。研究结果为鸡源异刺线虫的种类鉴定和遗传进化分析提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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湖北某养殖场饲养的七彩山鸡精神萎靡,整体消瘦,部分鸡只陆续死亡。通过对病鸡进行剖检,发现脏器均可见大小不等的肿瘤结节,经病毒分离、PCR鉴定及病理组织切片分析,确定七彩山鸡感染了马立克氏病病毒。 相似文献
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1.福建省家禽通过一年来的检查,家鸭200只,家鸽120只,家鸡60只和鹅50只的结果,检得线虫18种,分隶于8科12属,其中寄生于家鸡和家鸭的各有8种、家鸽3种、家鹅2种。2.福建省已知的家禽寄生线虫18种中、鸡蛔虫、鸡异刺线虫、异刺线虫、鹅裂口虫、钩唇饰带线虫、螺旋咽饰带线虫和膨尾毛细线虫等七种,是国内各地常见的家禽寄生虫。鸭裂口虫、鸟四辐射线虫、鸭瓣口虫、四棱线虫、钩状棘结线虫、厚尾束首线虫、孟氏眼虫、鹅毛细线虫和鸽毛细线虫等9种是我国首次的记录。3.福建省家禽寄生线虫,感染率较高而危害性严重的,有鸡蛔虫、家鸡感染率占36.6%,感染度为2—196个;鸡异刺线虫、家鸡感染率占76.6%,感染度为5—72个;鹅裂口虫、家鹅感染率占80%,感染度为12—94个;鸟四辐射线虫、家鸽感染率占75%、感染度为5—360个:台湾束首线虫、家鸭感染率占60%,感染度为2—26个。 相似文献
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线虫主要寄生于家禽的小肠,因其形态圆形线状而得名,放养家禽常普遍感染。主要导致幼雏发病,造成饲料报酬的下降。成禽是线虫病的携带者和传播者,一般不发病,但增重和产蛋能力下降。寄生在鸡体内的线虫主要有鸡蛔虫、比翼线虫、胃线虫、异刺线虫、毛细线虫等。作者根据自己多年工作经验,着重介绍鸡蛔虫病、家禽异刺线虫病和鹅裂口线虫病三种线虫病的防治,仅供大家参考。 相似文献
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自1979～1982年黑龙江省畜禽寄生虫区系调查协作组在双城市进行家禽寄生蠕虫区系调查之后，我们又多次对鸡、鸭、鹅进行了补充调查，不但基本查清了该市家禽寄生蠕虫的种类及其感染状况，而且发现了该市和黑龙江省的新纪录虫种。材料和方法1．调查动物先后共剖检家禽136只，（其中鸡79只、鸭31只、鹅26只。）鸡为当地、来航、滨白和星杂579等品种，散养或群养（平养），歹除成年鸡外尚有6～7月龄鸡。鸭、鹅为当地品种，均为成年禽，其中部分有水面饲养史。2．检查方法所有禽均放血宰杀，用蠕虫完全剖检法检查，收集全部虫体，分类计数，线虫… 相似文献
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1流行病学
鸡组织滴虫病又叫传染性盲肠炎，俗称“黑头病”，是由组织滴虫属的火鸡组织滴虫寄生于鸡的盲肠和肝脏引起的一种原虫病。本病以肝脏坏死和盲肠溃疡为特征。主要传播方式是以异刺线虫为媒介通过消化道感染发病，主要感染火鸡，家鸡30～60日龄时最为容易感染：有时也感染成年鸡，但症状不太明显。此病多发生于高温潮湿多雨的夏季，发病的雏鸡有明显的临床症状和病理剖检变化，实验室检查可发现虫体。
本病主要通过消化道感染，通过鸡吞食异刺线虫和蚯蚓传播。寄生于盲肠内的组织滴虫，被盲肠内异刺线虫吞食，进入其卵巢中，转入其虫卵内，当异刺线虫排卵时，组织滴虫即存在卯中。当鸡吞食异刺线虫卵时，同时也感染了组织滴虫病。病鸡的粪便中含有原虫，被易感性的鸡食到后也可感染。 相似文献
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为了调查南昌地区散养鸡寄生虫的感染状况,应用体表寄生虫检查、动物蠕虫学完全剖检、粪便寄生虫检查及分子生物学等技术对青山湖区某农贸市场售卖的农户散养鸡寄生虫感染情况进行调查.实验结果显示:5只散养鸡体表均发现了羽虱和皮刺螨;在消化道中共检查到了55条蠕虫,其中28条线虫和27条绦虫;粪便寄生虫检查发现了6种寄生虫卵,分别是球虫卵囊和蛔虫、毛细线虫、异次线虫、四棱线虫及绦虫的虫卵.利用分子生物学对55条蠕虫进行种类鉴定,结果显示:28条线虫中,有24条鸡蛔虫、4条异刺线虫;27条绦虫中,有轮赖利绦虫24条、四角瑞利绦虫、缩小膜壳绦虫及棘沟赖利绦虫各1条.综上所述,南昌地区散养鸡主要感染的寄生虫是羽虱、皮刺螨、球虫、线虫及绦虫,提示该地区散养户应做好对家禽的体表寄生虫、球虫、线虫和绦虫的防治工作. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献