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观察赛拉唑对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO和cGMP含量的影响,以探讨NO-NOS-cGMP信号转导系统对赛拉唑全麻分子机理的调控.Wistar纯种大鼠84只,随机选取12只为生理盐水对照组,其余随机均分为低剂量赛拉唑用药组和高剂量赛拉唑用药组,每个剂量组又分为麻醉期、翻正反射恢复期和苏醒期3个亚组(各12只).用分光光度法测定大鼠不同脑区NOS活性和NO产量,放射免疫法测定脑cGMP含量.结果表明,赛拉唑能明显地抑制大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、海马和脑干NOS活性、NO和cGMP含量.并且NOS活性、NO含量的抑制作用呈现荆量依赖性增加趋势,这种变化与大鼠赛拉唑麻醉后行为学变化相吻合.结果提示,NO-NOS-cGMP信号传递系统参与了赛拉唑全麻作用产生的分子学机制的调控. 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(10)
为了研究强痛宁麻醉下大鼠中枢脑区一氧化碳合酶(NOS)活性、NO和环乌苷酸(cGMP)浓度变化,探讨强痛宁麻醉镇痛的中枢作用机理。将24只SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组、诱导期、麻醉期和催醒期组,于不同时期采集大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、脑干、海马和丘脑。采用比色法测定NOS活性和NO含量,酶联免疫吸附法测定cGMP浓度。结果表明,腹腔注射强痛宁6 mg/kg体重后,麻醉期各脑区NOS活性显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);NO产量与对照组比较降低极显著(P0.01);cGMP浓度降低显著(P0.05或P0.01)。结果提示,强痛宁抑制大鼠中枢脑区NOS活性,阻断NO/cGMP信号转导可能是其产生全麻作用的重要机理之一。 相似文献
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为探讨NO/cGMP信号转导系统对小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒分子机理的调控,144只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组和试验组再分为早期催醒组、中期催醒组和晚期催醒组。用分光光度法测定脑NOS活性和NO产量,ELISA测定脑cGMP含量。结果显示,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂能明显地激活大鼠相关脑区的NOS活性和NO及cGMP产量,并且大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO产量和cGMP含量的变化趋势不仅与大鼠行为学变化相平行,还与不同时期表现出的催醒效果基本吻合。这表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂的催醒可能与激活特定脑区的NO/cGMP信号转导系统相关。 相似文献
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噻环乙胺对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性及NO产量和cGMP含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
动态观察噻环乙胺对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO产量、cGMP含量的影响,以探讨NO／cGMP信号转导系统对噻环乙胺全麻分子机理的调控。SD大鼠168只,随机分为对照组和高、低剂量组（腹腔注射60、30mg／kg噻环乙胺）,每个剂量组又分为麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组3个亚组。用分光光度法测定脑NOS活性和NO产量,放射免疫法测定脑cGMP含量。在两个剂量的麻醉组,不但大脑皮层、海马和丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制,而且显著减少上述脑区NO产量和cGMP含量（与对照组相比,P〈0．05）。在高、低剂量的恢复Ⅰ组上述3个脑区的NOS活性、NO产量、cGMP含量均有不同程度的恢复,在恢复Ⅱ组除丘脑cGMP含量明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）外,其余指标均显著恢复（与对照组相比,P〉0．05）。两个剂量组脑干、小脑的NOS活性、NO产量和cGMP含量均无明显的改变。噻环乙胺的麻醉作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区NO／cGMP信号转导系统相关。 相似文献
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替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的-研究一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂(XFM)全麻分子机理中可能的作用.方法-SD大鼠96只,先随机均分替来他明组和XFM组,每组又随机均分为对照组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组.用比色法分别测定各脑区的NO产量和NOS活性.结果-ip替来他明30 mg/kg后,在麻醉组大脑皮层、海马及丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制,且使NO产量显著减少(与对照组相比,P<0.05).在恢复Ⅰ组上述脑区NO产量、NOS活性呈现不同程度恢复,到恢复Ⅱ组时明显恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).在替来他明麻醉全过程中小脑和脑干NOS活性无明显变化.大鼠ip XFM 0.5 mL/100g后,在麻醉组大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑的NOS活性明显受到抑制,且使NO产量显著减少(与对照组相比,P<0.01).而在恢复Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组上述3个脑区的NO产量、NOS活性明显恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).在XFM麻醉全过程中海马和脑干NOS活性无明显变化.结论-NO、NOS参与了替来他明及XFM全麻作用产生的分子学机理的调控.替来他明全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关.而XFM全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关. 相似文献
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为探讨NO和巯基在山羊内毒素血症发病机理中的作用,将48只山羊随机分为对照组、内毒素组、褪黑素保护组、褪黑素组。每组12只,分别在处理后3、6 h各宰杀6只提取心肌线粒体,检测心肌线粒体中的MDA的含量,总巯基(T-SH)的含量,蛋白巯基(PB-SH)的含量,非蛋白巯基(NP-SH)的含量,以及总一氧化氮合成酶(TNOS),分型一氧化氮合成酶(i NOS)的活性和一氧化氮(NO)水平的变化。结果显示,内毒素血症时山羊心肌线粒体中总巯基(T-SH)的含量,蛋白巯基(PB-SH)的含量,非蛋白巯基(NP-SH)的含量降低,MDA的含量,总一氧化氮合成酶(TNOS),分型一氧化氮合成酶(i NOS)的活性和一氧化氮(NO)水平升高。而褪黑素治疗组则情况明显好转。结果表明,由于NO过量生成而引起的脂质过氧化损伤在山羊内毒素血症发病机理中起着重要的作用,褪黑素可有效拮抗脂质过氧化造成的损伤。 相似文献
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目的-研究一氧化氮（N0）、一氧化氮合酶（NOs）在替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂（XFM）全麻分子机理中可能的作用。方法-SD大鼠96只，先随机均分替来他明组和XFM组，每组又随机均分为对照组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组。用比色法分别测定各脑区的NO产量和NOS活性。结果-ip替来他明30mg／kg后，在麻醉组大脑皮层、海马及丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制，且使NO产量显著减少（与对照组相比，P〈0．05）。在恢复Ⅰ组上述脑区NO产量、NOS活性呈现不同程度恢复，到恢复Ⅱ组时明显恢复（与对照组相比，P〉0．05）。在替来他明麻醉全过程中小脑和脑于NOS活性无明显变化。大鼠ipXFM0．5mL／100g后，在麻醉组大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑的NOS活性明显受到抑制，且使NO产量显著减少（与对照组相比，P〈0．01）。而在恢复Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组上述3个脑区的NO产量、NOS活性明显恢复（与对照组相比，P〉0．05）。在XFM麻醉全过程中海马和脑干NOS活性无明显变化。结论-NO、NOS参与了替来他明及XFM全麻作用产生的分子学机理的调控。替来他明全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关。而XFM全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑等脑区的N0产量、NOS活性相关。 相似文献
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为了研究家兔脑纹状体出血后一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化及L-NNA和血塞通对其变化的影响,探讨NO在脑出血损伤中的作用机制及2种药物对脑神经元的保护作用.选取4月龄健康哈白兔56只,随机分为假手术对照组、模型组,脑纹状体出血血塞通治疗组及脑纹状体出血L-NNA治疗组,手术建立家兔脑出血模型,应用生化检测技术测定各组脑纹状体出血后不同时间出血侧纹状体NOS活性及NO含量.结果表明,模型组脑纹状体内NOS活性6h开始升高,3d达到高峰,随后逐渐下降,9d时基本恢复至正常水平；2治疗组纹状体NOS活性在各时间点极显著或显著低于模型组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),并且L-NNA在6h～1d时降低脑纹状体NOS活性的程度好于血塞通治疗组(P＜0.05)；NO含量的变化与NOS活性的变化基本一致,二者成正相关；利用SABC免疫组织化学法方法检测各组脑纹状体神经型NOS(nNOS)阳性神经元,发现模型组纹状体nNOS阳性神经元密度增加,细胞着色加深,胞体截面积和最长突起长度变小,经过治疗后神经元密度降低,胞体截面积和最长突起长度显著改善(P＜0.05).结果提示:NO参与了脑出血损伤过程,高浓度的NO能发挥神经毒性作用损害脑组织；血塞通和L-NNA通过抑制NOS的活性,降低了脑纹状体NO的含量,对脑出血家兔的脑神经元具有明显的保护作用. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献