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选用 1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭 2 0 0只 ,随机分为两组 ,一个试验组 ,一个对照组 ,每组 2个重复 ,每个重复 5 0只 .对照组1～ 6周自由采食 ,试验组 1～ 3周自由采食 ,4～ 6周采用限制饲养 (限量 )。试验结果表明 :6周龄时 ,试验组的饲料转化率比对照组提高了 12 .9% ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,6周末体重降低了 9.13% ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;腹脂率降低 34.2 % ,差异极为显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;皮脂率降低 15 .1% ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;瘦肉率提高了 11.9% ,差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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碘化酪蛋白对产蛋鸡脂肪代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
300日龄罗曼蛋鸡768只，随机分为2组(每组设4个重复，每个重复96只)，在自由采食、饮水和光照16h的条件下，分别饲喂添加0(对照组)、50mg/kg碘化酪蛋白(试验组)的玉米-豆粕型日粮13周。结果表明，与对照组相比，试验组蛋鸡腹脂重、腹脂率、肝脏重、肝脏相对重、肝脂率分别下降了25.71%(P<0.01)、24.40%(P<0.01)、11.46%(P<0.05)、8.90%(P<0.05)、15.53%(P<0.05)；血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)水平分别升高了29.37%(P<0.01)和56.25%(P<0.01)；血清脂肪酶活性和游离脂肪酸含量分别提高了35.28%(P<0.05)和32.37%(P<0.05)，而甘油三酯含量下降了22.38%(P<0.05)；腹脂中激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)活性和肝脏、腹脂中环腺苷酸(cAMP)含量分别升高了48.54%(P<0.01)、26.95%(P<0.05)和34.34%(P<0.05)。结果提示，碘化酪蛋白能降低产蛋后期蛋鸡腹脂和肝脏中脂肪的含量。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验选取21日龄的杜×长×大三元断奶仔猪66头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复9～13只,研究日粮中添加1%的谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,添加1 %的谷氨酰胺可使断奶仔猪21～35日龄阶段平均日增重比对照组提高19.2 %(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高16.3 %(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶含量提高74.3 %(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量降低35.4 %(P<0.05),腹泻率明显降低.添加1 %的谷氨酰胺还可使断奶仔猪21～49日龄阶段平均日增重提高11.5 %(P<0.05),35～49日龄阶段血清尿素氮含量降低43.7 %(P<0.05). 相似文献
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试验采用单因子随机设计,选取体重20 kg左右的杜大长三元杂交猪168头,按体重、性别基本一致分成二组,每组四个重复.试验组应用干湿饲喂器,对照组应用水泥料槽.为期30天的饲养试验表明,应用干湿饲喂器能显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量6.5%(P<0.01)、平均日增重16.9%(P<0.01)和显著降低平均料重比7.0%(P<0.01);能明显提高仔猪饲料的总能表观消化率3.9%(P<0.05)和粗蛋白表观消化率6.1%(P<0.05).对血清中常规指标测试表明,应用干湿饲喂器能显著提高仔猪血清中碱性磷酸酶活性25.9%(P<0.05)和胃泌素含量65.8% (P<0.05)以及显著降低血清中皮质醇含量40.8% (P<0.05);有提高血清中葡萄糖、总蛋白和降低尿素氮含量的趋势. 相似文献
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选择甘肃皇城羊场成年甘肃高山细毛羊母羊200只,随机分成两组,试验组穿上特制的绵羊罩衣,对照组不作任何处理;相同条件下饲养管理到第二年春季测定生产性能和羊毛品质.试验结果表明试验组平均污毛量(4.38 kg)比对照组(5.17 kg)低0.79 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组平均净毛量(2.26 kg)比对照组(2.06 kg)高0.20 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组净毛率(50.98%)比对照组(39.88%)高11.10个百分点,差异极显著(P<0.01). 相似文献
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本试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将72只29日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡随机分为对照组(自由采食)和试验组(限饲量为自由采食量的50%),每个处理设6个重复,每重复6只鸡,饲养至49日龄,研究后期强限饲对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质及血浆激素水平的影响。试验结果表明,试验组肉仔鸡49日龄活重、日增重降低,料肉比升高,胸肌率、腹脂率下降,血浆瘦素水平降低,且与对照组相比均呈显著差异(P<0.05);两处理间血浆胰岛素、神经肽Y(NPY)及皮质酮水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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试验研究了早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响。以320只1日龄AA+肉用仔鸡为试验动物。设4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复20只肉仔鸡。对照组根据AA+商品代肉鸡营养标准配制。各处理肉用仔鸡1～7日龄均为自由采食,8～14日龄对照组、限饲90%组、限饲80%组和限饲70%组分别饲喂自由采食量的100%、90%、80%和70%,15日龄恢复自由采食,以后按常规饲养管理。每周末,以重复为单位全部称重。分别于42、49日龄,每个重复随机抽取4只肉用仔鸡禁食12h、称重、屠宰、测定屠体品质。试验结果表明:在第2周,限饲各组肉仔鸡的体重和日增重分别显著低于对照组(P0.05);在第3周,限饲90%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);在第4周,限饲80%和70%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);5、6、7周及2～6、2～7周各组在体重、日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率等都无显著差异(P0.05)。早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡胴体特性没有显著影响(P0.05),限饲70%～80%,具有改善饲料转化效率、胸肌率、腹脂率的作用。 相似文献
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野生葎草对育肥羊生产性能及营养物质消化率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究自由采食条件下,新鲜葎草对育肥羊生产性能的影响。选用36只健康小尾寒羊×萨福克F2代杂种育肥羊,随机分为两组(试验组、对照组),每个组3个重复,每个重复6只。试验组每天饲喂2.5公斤新鲜葎草,对照组饲喂等量新鲜苜蓿;另外补加精料补充料0.5 kg/只。结果表明:试验组的采食量和料肉比分别降低了18.1%和15.71%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05);试验组粗蛋白的消化率比对照组低10.82%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率分别比对照组高9.92%和2.69%,均没达到显著水平(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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选用1日龄的肉仔鸡(麻鸡与隐性白的杂交一代)120只在常规状态下饲养至17日龄后进行试验.在试验期内,肉鸡被随机分成3组,并饲养在热应激环境中,对照组喂基础日粮,第Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、 0.3%的甜菜碱.试验期内,定期测定采食量,增重等生产性能指标,81日龄时测定屠宰率.结果表明在17～57日龄,与对照组相比较,第Ⅰ组公鸡平均增重提高了278.9克/只,母鸡平均增重提高了218.7克/只,差异极显著(P<0.01).与对照组相比较,第Ⅱ组公鸡平均增重提高了0.2克/只、母鸡平均增重提高了17.6克/只,差异不显著(P＞0.05);在采食量方面,对照组、第Ⅰ组、第Ⅱ组分别是公鸡61.05克/只·日、 66.12克/只·日、 65.84克/只·日,母鸡46.68克/只·日、 54.97克/只·日、 53.59克/(只·日), 三组差异不显著;与对照组相比较,第Ⅰ组公鸡饲料转化率提高了0.5,差异显著(P<0.05);第Ⅰ组母鸡饲料转化率提高了0.19,差异显著(P<0.05);与对照组相比较,第Ⅱ组公鸡饲料转化率减少了0.22,差异显著(P<0.05);第Ⅱ组母鸡饲料转化率减少了0.26,差异显著(P<0.05);对照组、第Ⅰ组、第Ⅱ组肉鸡的屠宰率分别是公鸡91.15%、 90.90%、 91.05%,母鸡91.70%、 91.55%、 91.85%,各组的屠宰率差异不显著(P>0.05).结果证明,适量甜菜碱可以缓解热应激对肉鸡的不良影响,提高肉鸡生产性能. 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌和复合乳酸杆菌制剂在蛋鸡日粮中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择33周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1134只,随机分为3个处理:对照组饲喂基础日粮、试验组分别在基础日粮中添加300mg/kg芽孢杆菌制剂、300mg/kg复合乳酸杆菌制剂。每个处理3个重复,每个重复126只。试验期为6周。结果发现,与对照组相比,300mg/kg芽孢杆菌制剂处理组产蛋率在试验5～6周显著提高5.44%(P0.05),其它各期差异均不显著(P0.05);300mg/kg复合乳酸杆菌制剂处理组产蛋率在试验3～4周、5～6周和全期分别提高6.52%、4.71%和4.91%(P0.05);在试验各期和试验全期(0～6周),各组之间蛋重和料蛋比均差异不显著(P0.05);在试验全期,各组采食量、软破蛋率和斑蛋率也无显著差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献