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《饲料工业》2015,(7)
饲料加工过程中含水量的变化对饲料成品的质量、饲料加工效率以及动物的生长性能都有较大的影响。通过42 d的笼养试验考察了不同水分含量的颗粒料对肉鸡生长性能的影响。选用240只雄性罗斯334×708型肉鸡进行了单因素完全随机的笼养代谢试验,试验用育雏料、育成料和育肥料的水分含量13%、14%、15%和16%。结果表明:在0~14 d育雏阶段,颗粒饲料含水量对肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、饲料转化率(FCR)没有显著的影响。在15~35 d育成阶段,随着饲料水分的增加,肉鸡的ADG、ADFI降低,FCR升高,14%水分含量以上的颗粒料对肉鸡的ADG、AD-FI影响显著(P0.05),对于FCR影响不显著(P0.05)。在36~42 d育肥阶段,随着饲料水分的增加,肉鸡的ADG、ADFI降低、FCR升高,14%水分含量以上的颗粒料对肉鸡的ADG、ADFI影响显著(P0.05),15%水分含量以上的颗粒料对FCR的影响显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
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研究了紫花苜蓿捷达品种在苗期生长过程中受水分影响情况,发现水分的影响作用很大,在种子出苗后,使土壤中有效含水量保持在60％-75％左右,对苜蓿幼苗生长最有利。 相似文献
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选择生长猪颗粒饲料作为试验料,分为对照组和试验组,对照组配方组成为玉米67.5%,豆粕18.5%,小麦麸10%,预混料4%。试验组每吨饲料使用3 kg水溶性纤维木质素复合物等量取代玉米,其他配比不变,研究其对生长猪颗粒饲料颗粒质量的影响。测定指标包括水分、粉化率、含粉率和硬度。结果表明:每吨饲料使用3 kg水溶性纤维木质素复合物等量取代玉米,对生长猪颗粒饲料水分含量、含粉率和硬度没有显著影响(P0.05),极显著降低了在颗粒耐久性检测仪中回转30 s、60 s、90 s和120 s粉化率(P0.01)。 相似文献
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为了研究干草防腐剂的防霉效果,本文在调制苜蓿小方捆时添加巴斯夫防腐剂BLP,并在苜蓿大方捆中比较使用了自行研发的防腐剂LZP和防腐剂BLP。结果表明：在苜蓿小方捆中,25%水分打捆时,添加防腐剂BLP显著抑制了苜蓿草捆中霉菌的生长,但对营养品质没有显著影响;30%水分打捆时,防腐剂BLP显著降低了苜蓿干草中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量,当添加量为6 L·t-1时,防腐剂BLP的防霉效果较为显著且增加了粗蛋白(CP)的含量。在苜蓿大方捆中,16%～19%水分打捆添加防腐剂BLP和LZP均能很好抑制霉菌的生长;而22%～25%水分打捆时时,两种防腐剂的对霉菌的抑制效果较差。上述结果表明调制苜蓿干草小方捆时添加6 L·t-1防腐剂BLP能有效抑制霉菌的生长;自行研发的防腐剂LZP与BLP的防霉效果类似,具有一定的应用前景,但仍需进一步证明。 相似文献
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为了探究水分和土壤对糙毛以礼草苗期根系构型和根鞘形成的影响,采用未灭菌和灭菌的沙土培养糙毛以礼草,分别设置田间持水量的10%、20%、30%、40%和50%水分梯度,测定不同水分和土壤处理条件下糙毛以礼草的根系构型参数和根鞘重,结果表明:1)在未灭菌土壤培养条件下,糙毛以礼草苗期的根系与土壤微生物互利共生,高水分显著影响了根系交叉数和分支数的增加(P<0.05);土壤灭菌培养条件下,这种关系遭到破坏,根系总根体积在40%~50%水分梯度下显著高于其他水分梯度(P<0.05),平均直径在40%水分梯度下最高(P<0.05),分支数在20%和50%水分梯度最高(P<0.05),链接数和根尖数在20%~50%水分梯度下显著增大(P<0.05),总根表面积在50%水分梯度下最高(P<0.05)。土壤灭菌后,微生物群体变化,土壤灭菌培养条件下的根系形态指标较未灭菌土壤培养条件下增大(P<0.05),分别为:20%水分梯度下的根系总根长和分支数,20%~50%水分梯度下的根系链接数和根尖数,40%水分梯度下的根系总根表面积和平均直径,40%~50%水分梯度下的根系总根体积。2)不同水分和土壤处理下糙毛以礼草苗期根系拓扑指数接近于1,根系分支模式接近鱼尾形分支,更适宜在地下资源贫瘠的环境中生长。在20%和30%水分条件下,糙毛以礼草保持了很好的根系构型,修正拓扑指数(qb)和分形维数(FD)显著高于其他水分梯度(P<0.05)。糙毛以礼草苗期根系初生根和次生根生长过程中生物量分配的不同影响了根系在土壤中的功能,根系在土壤中的伸长拓展(总根长、总根表面积、链接数和分支数)大于固定渗透(平均根系直径)对根系构型的影响。3)水分和土壤处理对根鞘的形成无交互影响(P>0.05),糙毛以礼草苗期根鞘形成的影响因素为:水分>土壤>FD>qb>根系固定渗透能力。随着田间持水量的升高,糙毛以礼草根鞘重呈现先增后减的趋势,未灭菌土壤和灭菌土壤中的根鞘重分别在20%~30%、30%水分梯度时最大,qb、FD和根系固定渗透能力显著正向影响根鞘(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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温度和水分对中华羊茅幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验采用室内盆栽法对不同温度和水分互作条件下中华羊茅幼苗生长的形态特性进行了研究,通过设定4个土壤水分梯度(80%,65%,50%和35%FWC,FWC为田间最大持水量)和3个生长温度(15,20和25 ℃)来模拟自然生长条件来探究适宜中华羊茅幼苗生长的温度和土壤水分条件。结果表明,中华羊茅在25 ℃、65%水分条件下的出苗率最高,且显著高于其他温度和水分处理(P<0.05),而对照和其他水分处理的幼苗株高在20 ℃条件下均显著高于15和25 ℃处理(P<0.05);3种温度下中华羊茅幼苗的茎粗在65%水分条件下均达到最大,在35%水分条件下最小,且与其他水分处理差异显著(P<0.05);在15和20 ℃条件下,中华羊茅幼苗的叶宽、组织含水量、株高胁迫指数和干物质胁迫指数均在65%水分条件下最大,在35%水分条件下最小,而在25 ℃条件下,其随着土壤水分含量的降低而逐渐减小,且在80%水分条件下达到最大;3种温度下中华羊茅幼苗的根冠比随着土壤水分含量的降低而逐渐增大,其在35%水分条件下最大,且显著大于对照和其他水分处理(P<0.05);20 ℃条件下,中华羊茅幼苗的根长在35%水分条件下最大,而在15和25 ℃条件下,其根长在50%水分条件下最大,且均与对照和其他水分处理差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,由结果得出20 ℃温度和65%水分条件最适于中华羊茅幼苗的生长。 相似文献
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本试验以多年生黑麦草‘爱神特’(Lolium perenne cv.Accent)种子为材料,土壤设3个水分梯度,分别为田间最大持水量的30%(FWC 30)、50%(FWC 50)、70%(FWC 70),模拟重度干旱、水分适宜、水分充足的土壤水分条件。同时设4个浸种处理分别为0(CK)、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%浓度的乙烯利溶液浸种24 h,通过测定出苗率、苗长、根系总表面积、根系总长度和侧根数等指标,探讨各乙烯利浸种处理对多年生黑麦草苗期抗旱性的影响。结果表明,适宜多年生黑麦草生长的土壤含水量在田间最大持水量的30%~50%之间,过多的灌溉水并不利于多年生黑麦草的生长。0.05%~0.1%浓度乙烯利浸种能够在一定程度上减轻土壤水分因素的差异对多年生黑麦草生长造成的影响,但相比乙烯利浸种处理,土壤含水量对多年生黑麦草苗期生长的影响更大。 相似文献
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<正> 桑树的生长主要是由水、肥、气、热和光照等条件所决定的。当其他条件都能适合桑树生长时,夏秋期的干旱就成为影响桑树生长的主要障害因子。因此,要获得桑叶的优质高产,必须重视桑园在干旱季节的水分补充。我们鉴于这一目的,结合桑园管理对桑园的灌溉问题进行了一些调查,现将结果整理如下。一、土壤含水量与桑树生长的关系桑树生长及其生命活动所需要的水分是从土壤中供应的。土壤的水分是在不断变动的,过多过少都会影响桑树生长。我们在夏秋干旱季节,对砂质壤土的桑园,调查了灌水前后的土壤含水量及芽条的生长速度,结果如图一。从图一可以看出,灌水后16小时的土壤含水量为21%,接近田间最大持水量。灌水前二天的土壤含水量在12%之下,芽条生长很缓慢。灌水后2～4天,土壤水分在14%以上,即田间最大持水量的80～70%时,芽条生长速度达2厘米/日左右。当土壤水分 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献