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棉籽壳菌糠毒量分析及对动物毒性测定试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
栽培过食用菌的棉籽壳俗称棉籽壳菌糠,过去都被栽培户弃置野外。菌糠中含有大量的菌体蛋白(包括各种氨基酸),多种维生素、酶、有机酸和食用菌分解代谢产物。我们分析了平菇菌糠、凤尾菇菌糠和生棉籽壳的营养成分,认为,食用菌在棉籽壳中的固氮、分解纤维素、合成菌体蛋白这一系列生物转化过程,使原来营养价值低的棉籽壳变成了含有蛋白质、多种糖类、酸类和生物活性物质的东西,如果将这些养分作饲料,过猪腹后还田,这不仅可挖掘农村的饲料潜力,开发饲料资源,使数量大,分布广 相似文献
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菌糠的营养价值与开发利用 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
1 菌糠菌糠是指以棉籽壳、锯木屑、稻草、玉米芯、甘蔗渣及多种农作物秸秆、工业废料 (如酒糟、醋糟、造纸厂废液及制药厂黄浆废液等 )为主要原料栽培食用菌后的废弃培养基。上述原料因其有效营养物质尤其是粗蛋白质含量极低导致其可饲性能差 ,或因其粗纤维含量过高严重制约了动物对营养物质的消化吸收率和适口性 ,或因其抗营养因子含量过高影响了营养物质的有效利用 ,通常很少或根本不作为畜禽饲料。但是以这些原料为培养基栽培食用菌后 ,通过食用菌菌体的生物固氮作用、酶解作用等一系列生物转化过程 ,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量均比不经过食… 相似文献
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菌糠是指栽培各种食用菌以后剩下的废料.这些废料均含有人量菌丝体、蛋白质及其它营养物质,被称为"菌糠蛋白".菌糠经适当加工处理可以作为饲料,用来替代一部分饲料用粮. 相似文献
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付国伟 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2010,(4):56-59
菌糠是指以棉籽壳、锯木屑、稻草、玉米芯、甘蔗渣及多种农作物秸秆、工业废物（如酒糟、醋糟、造纸厂废液及制药厂黄浆液等）为主要原料栽培食用菌后的废弃培养基。我国作为世界上最大的食用菌生产国和出口国，每年有大量的菌糠产生而得不到合理的利用，菌糠的废弃不但污染了环境，同时也造成了资源的浪费。 相似文献
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菌糠是以棉籽壳、锯木屑、稻草、玉米芯、甘蔗渣及多种农作物秸杆、工业废料（如酒精、醋糟、造纸厂废液及制药厂黄浆废液等）为主要原料生产香菇、滑子菇、平菇和双孢菇等各种食用菌采收蘑菇后的废弃培养基。随着食用菌规模化生产,菌糠的产量在逐渐增加。成为引人关注的一种新型饲料资源。 相似文献
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菌糠饲料的开发和利用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
1 菌糠饲料的饲用价值及安全性1.1 菌糠饲料的饲用价值菌糠是栽培各种食用菌以后剩下的废料。通常 ,食用菌主要有平菇、凤尾菇、金针菇、香菇、蘑菇、滑菇、猴头菇、草菇等 ,其主要培养基质有棉籽壳、锯木屑、玉米芯、甘蔗渣、农业秸秆 (如稻草、麦秸、玉米秸等 )、工业废料 (如酒糟、醋糟、造纸厂废液、制药厂黄浆废液等 )。这些基质 ,经过多种微生物的发酵作用 ,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等均已被不同程度的降解 ,粗蛋白、粗脂肪也有较大提高 ,且含有丰富的氨基酸、菌类多糖和矿物质元素。蒋代康 (2 0 0 0 )报道 ,用砻糠作凤尾菇栽培料… 相似文献
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<正> 利用真菌能分解粗纤维的特性,使栽培食用菌培养料中的纤维发生分解和转化,提高其消化能和可消化率,再经过调解即制成为菌糠。本试验用棉壳、稻草、木屑三种菌糠饲料。为探讨菌糠的饲用价值,我们于1987～1988年在本所试验猪场进行了猪的饲喂试验。现将试验结果报告如下: 1.材料与方法 1.1 菌糖生产 1.1.1 棉壳菌糠以棉籽壳作为主要培养料栽培平菇(佛罗里达)。栽培料配方:棉籽壳50公斤,石膏粉1.5公斤,磷肥1公斤,石灰(块)0.75公斤,白糖0.5公斤,多菌灵50克(50％),永65～80公斤,生产工艺(略)。 1.1.2 稻草菌糠以稻草为主要培养料栽培凤尾菇。 1.1.3 木屑菌糠以阔叶木屑为主要培养料栽培香菇,其栽培料配方:干木屑50％棉籽壳25％,麦麸20％,石膏粉3％,白糖1％,磷肥1％,水50％～52％。经三次收菇后,选取菌丝洁白、料块较结实的食用菌下脚料,经太阳晒干(或烘干),粉碎成细糠状,即成菌糠饲料。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献