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当前在养猪业发达的国家,乳猪3周龄或4周龄断奶已被广泛地应用于生产。我国哺乳期少于5周龄的早期断奶尚处于试验和探索阶段。这是因为发达国家养育仔猪有良好的控温条件,为早期断奶仔猪提供了适宜的温度;同时,在断奶仔猪料中配有较多的乳清粉,对仔猪的消化道有良好作用,故能获得令人满意的生长速度。但是由于乳清粉价 相似文献
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选取108头28日龄杜大长三元杂交断奶仔猪,按饲养试验随机分成3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复12头。Ⅰ组为5%乳清粉日粮组、Ⅱ组为0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽日粮组、Ⅲ组为2%乳清粉+0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽日粮组。试验从28日龄开始至52日龄时结束,试验期为24d,进行断奶仔猪日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对提高断奶仔猪生长性能的试验研究。试验结果表明:Ⅱ组(0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽)比对照Ⅰ组(5%乳清粉)平均日增重提高了3.8%,差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组(0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽+2%乳清粉)比对照Ⅰ组(5%乳清粉)平均日增重提高了19.2%(P<0.05),增重效果显著。这表明断奶仔猪日粮中添加0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽可替代5%的乳清粉,谷氨酰胺和乳清粉联合使用(用0.5%的谷氨酰胺二肽替代3%的乳清粉)对断奶仔猪来说能取得更理想的饲养效果,并且显著降低了饲料成本。在饲料报酬和采食量方面,Ⅱ组(0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽)与对照Ⅰ组(5%乳清粉)相比饲料转化率降低了1.17%,差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组(0.5%谷氨酰胺二肽+2%乳清粉)与对照Ⅰ组(5%乳清粉)相比饲料转化率提高了9.25%,差异显著(P<0.05)。表明谷氨酰胺能改善仔猪肠道功能,增加营养物质的吸收,谷氨酰胺与乳清粉联合使用可显著提高饲料转化率,同时可促进仔猪的采食量。在仔猪腹泻方面,试验各组的断奶仔猪均保持在一较低水平的腹泻率,并且差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺二肽饲喂仔猪的效果 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
选用108头35日龄断奶、体重均一的健康迪卡仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复9头猪。试验期分别饲喂对照、添加3％乳清粉、0.5％谷胺酰胺二肽、3％乳清粉+0.5％谷胺酰胺二肽的饲粮。试验期20 d。试验结果表明,添加谷氨酰胺二肽对防治仔猪腹泻有效(P=0.017)。同时添加乳清粉和谷氨酰胺可显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05)。谷氨酰胺二肽对仔猪日增重、日采食量、料重比的影响效果不显著(P>0.05)。添加0.5％谷氨酰胺二肽可使日增重提高27.7％,料重比降低31.8％,腹泻率降低37.1％。与乳清粉协同添加,日增重提高37.8％,料重比降低34.2％,腹泻率降低70.7％。断奶仔猪饲粮中添加谷氨酰胺二肽对节约饲养成本有一定效果。 相似文献
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本文针对早期断奶仔猪消化生理特点,对添加乳清粉的效果作一简单论述。抑制早期断奶仔猪生长的主要因素有断奶应激和胃肠道内酶、酸度的变化,结果导致肠绒毛萎缩、隐窝加深、酶分泌减少,PH 值升高和酶的活性降低等。针对上述特点,添加乳清粉是提高早期断奶仔猪消化率的最佳选择之一。乳清粉提供良好的能量(乳糖)和蛋白质(乳清蛋白和乳球蛋白)。乳糖能增加酶活力,延缓食糜速度并且维持肠道微生物平衡等功能;乳蛋白能提供氨基酸,支持生长率等,二者协同作用共同提高早期断奶仔猪的营养消化率和饲料利用率。 相似文献
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试验选取5-6kg杜长大三元杂种健康断奶仔猪180头,随机分成3组,研究发酵酶解饲料代替鱼粉、乳清粉和抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻和肠道微生物菌群的影响。研究发现,饲料中使用20％发酵酶解饲料后,断奶仔猪的日增重比鱼粉＋乳清粉＋抗生素组和鱼粉＋乳清粉组分别提高1．50％（P〉0．05）、9．29％（P〈0．05）,日采食量比鱼粉＋乳清粉＋抗生素组和鱼粉＋乳清粉组分别提高2．22％（P〉0．05）、10．83％（P〈0．05）,但各组料重比未见有明显变化（P〉0．05）;腹泻率比鱼粉＋乳清粉＋抗生素组提高8．97％（P〉0．05）,比鱼粉＋乳清粉组降低19．12％（p〈0．05）;十二指肠、空肠的乳酸菌数量明显增加,而回肠、盲肠和结肠乳酸菌数量呈现增加趋势（19〉0．05）,十二指肠、盲肠的大肠杆菌数量明显降低,而空肠、回肠和结肠大肠杆菌数量呈现降低趋势（P〉0．05）。结果表明,饲料中添加20％发酵酶解饲料能够完全代替鱼粉、乳清粉和抗生素,可明显促进断奶仔猪生长,降低腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪肠道前段的乳酸菌数量,显著降低十二指肠、盲肠的大肠杆菌数量。 相似文献
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浅谈断奶仔猪腹泻与防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅谈断奶仔猪腹泻与防治徐州协尔动物营养保健有限公司卞德民仔猪腹泻是养猪业普遍面临的一大难题，这一问题解决好坏直接影响到经济效益。由于猪品种差异、饲养环境影响以及饲养管理措施的不完善，断奶仔猪容易出现腹泻。引起仔猪腹泻原因很多，主要有：细菌和病毒的感染... 相似文献
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根据仔猪早期断奶综合症的成因和仔猪的生理特点，通过日粮配制可以使早期断奶仔猪顺利渡过断奶关，这对仔猪早期断奶综合症的发生、提高猪场的经济效益将具有重要的实用价值。 1碳水化合物 大量研究表明，早期断奶仔猪日粮中需要添加简单的碳水化合物如乳糖，而复杂的碳水化合物如淀粉的利用率很低 (Mahan和 Newton,1993)。因此，早期断奶仔猪日粮中广泛使用乳清粉或乳糖等碳水化合物。乳清粉中含有 60％－ 70％的乳糖， 12％左右的粗蛋白 NRC， 1988)。乳清粉中乳糖很容易被早期断奶仔猪消化，并具有促进消化道乳酸菌的增殖、抑… 相似文献
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发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验选择28日龄断奶仔猪200头．随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉、乳清粉．及发酵豆粕与鱼粉、乳清粉的不同配比对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果发现：发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉可以提高仔猪日采食量和平均日增重,降低仔猪腹泻率．差异不显著（P〉0．05）;发酵豆粕部分替代乳清粉也可以提高仔猪日采食量和平均日增重,降低仔猪腹泻率,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪饲料中部分替代鱼粉和乳清粉时,对仔猪生产性能有更好地改善效果。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献