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旨在确定我国部分养鸡场的鸡出现甩头、精神萎靡和肿头综合征是否由禽偏肺病毒（aMPV）引起,本研究从山东、福建、黑龙江等地的发病蛋鸡和肉鸡场采集鼻甲骨、气管和肺等样品,首先利用aMPV特异性的RT-PCR方法对临床样品进行初步检测,将RT-PCR检测阳性样品接种Vero细胞进行病毒分离,然后利用G/F基因序列分析及间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）等鉴定病毒的亚型,最后将分离株感染SPF鸡进行致病性分析。结果显示：在采集的220份样品中,RT-PCR检测结果显示,有3份鼻甲骨样品在228 bp左右出现特异性条带,将阳性病料接种Vero细胞盲传5代后,细胞出现变圆、聚集和融合等aMPV特征性细胞病变（CPE）,表明成功分离到3株aMPV,将其分别命名为SD2001、SD2002和HLJ2101。G和F基因同源性分析显示,来自蛋鸡的SD2001、SD2002和来自肉鸡的HLJ2101分离株的G和F基因与其他B亚型aMPV毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性均较高,核苷酸的相似性分别为93.4%～98.6%和95.6%～100.0%,氨基酸的相似性分别为88.7%～97.8%和97.6%～100.0%;而与A、C和D亚型的G和F基因同源性较低,核苷酸的相似性分别为27.1%～61.8%和66.8%～74.8%,氨基酸的相似性分别为16.1%～36.7%和72.5%～86.5%,这些结果表明,SD2001、SD2002和HLJ2101分离株属于B亚型aMPV。进一步利用B亚型aMPV特异性的阳性血清进行IFA检测,接种SD2001、SD2002和HLJ2101的Vero细胞均可以观察到特异性的绿色荧光信号,进一步证实3个分离株属于B亚型aMPV。选择SD2001感染3周龄SPF鸡进行了致病性研究,结果发现SPF鸡感染后3～6 d出现精神萎靡、甩头和流鼻涕等症状,鼻甲骨、气管和肺也出现病理性损伤,其发病率为90%（18/20）。3株B亚型aMPV的分离不仅有助于明确我国部分养鸡场出现肿头综合征的发病原因,同时也证实B亚型aMPV流行毒株对鸡有明显的致病性,这些结果为我国家禽疫病的诊断和有效防控提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献
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Davide Giovanardi Caterina Lupini Patrizia Pesente Giulia Rossi Giovanni Ortali Elena Catelli 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(2):129-137
The aim of this study was to evaluate if the exposure to Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and/or to Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV) was significant for the induction of episodes of colibacillosis in aMPV and THEV vaccinated turkeys. Colibacillosis-associated mortality was recorded and longitudinal virological studies performed in three consecutive turkey flocks reared in the same farm. aMPV and THEV diagnostic swabs and blood samples were made once a week up to 14 weeks of age. Swabs were processed by molecular techniques for viruses detection and antibody titres were evaluated. Field subtype B aMPVs were detected in all flocks at different ages of life always associated with respiratory signs and increase of colibacillosis-associated mortality. THEV has been consistently detected in all flocks since the 9th week of age. Vaccination with a single dose of the THEV commercial inactivated vaccine available in Italy seems does not protect the birds from the infection. Sequence comparison of the hexon protein of one of the THEV strains detected, and strains isolated worldwide, revealed high similarity between them. These results are consistent with the notion that the hexon protein, being the major antigenic component of the virus, is highly conserved between the strains. Results showed that field aMPV infection is directly correlated to colibacillosis-associated mortality. Less clear appears the role of THEV because the endemicity of aMPV makes difficult to evaluate its role in predisposing colibacillosis in absence of aMPV. It would be interesting to further investigate this issue through experimental trials in secure isolation conditions. 相似文献
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利用分离的1株B亚型禽偏肺病毒,采用静脉注射和点眼滴鼻两种途径接种SPF鸡,并在接种同时免疫新城疫弱毒疫苗。在攻毒后3、6、9、12、15d,每组随机抽取3只翅下采血,检测血液生化指标,利用血凝和血凝抑制试验检测新城疫HI抗体效价;利用流式细胞术分析外周血CD40／CD8比值,ELISA试剂盒测定血清中IL-2、IFN7的含量;同时观察静脉注射组和点眼滴鼻组鸡的临床症状、剖检病变和病理组织学变化。结果表明,攻毒后9～15d,静脉注射组和点眼滴鼻组外周血CD4＋/CD8＋比值和血清II-2、IFN-γ的含量均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而静脉注射组与点眼滴鼻组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;静脉注射组和点眼滴鼻组的免疫器官指数低于对照组,但各组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;各组间新城疫HI抗体水平无显著差异（P〉0．05）;血液生化指标仪谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）在攻毒后显著升高（P〈0．05）,其他指标在各组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;静脉注射组和点眼滴鼻组在感染后3～10d出现轻微临床症状;病理组织学检测结果显示,静脉注射组和点眼滴鼻组的呼吸道和肝脏病变最明显。综上所述,B亚型禽偏肺病毒感染SPF鸡后,在一段时间内抑制机体细胞免疫,导致免疫机能下降,并引起轻微的组织病变;B亚型禽偏肺病毒通过两种不同的攻毒途径对SPF鸡的致病性无显著差异。 相似文献
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从山东省多个地区的商品肉鸡养殖场采集64份疑似病料,通过RT—PCR方法检测出37份禽偏肺病毒阳性病料,以此作为病毒分离材料接种SPF鸡胚,盲传至第7代时鸡胚生长明显迟滞。取阳性尿囊液在CEF中培养,呈现禽偏肺病毒典型细胞病变（CPE）：细胞变圆、悬浮,有合胞体形成。将分离株接种于Veto细胞及DF-1细胞均出现类似病变。对分离株F基因进行测序,并与GenBank中发表的部分代表序列比较。结果显示,与B亚型禽偏肺病毒的核苷酸同源性最高,为97．4％～99．3％;与A亚型禽偏肺病毒核苷酸同源性较低,为77．4％～78．1％;而与C亚型禽偏肺病毒核苷酸同源性最低,为69．5％～69．7％。基因分型显示分离株为B亚型禽偏肺病毒,将该毒株命名为禽偏肺病毒SDWF株。 相似文献
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In order to detect and characterize avian metapneumovirus, organs or swabs were collected from 697 chicken and 110 turkeys from commercial farms in Southwestern Nigeria and from 107 chickens from live bird markets in Southeastern China. In Nigeria, 15% and 6% of the chicken and turkey samples, respectively, and 39% of the chicken samples from China, were positive for aMPV genome by PCR. The sequence of a 400 nt fragment of the attachment protein gene (G gene) revealed the presence of aMPV subtype A in both Nigeria and Southeastern China. Essentially identical subtype A viruses were found in both countries and were also previously reported from Brazil and the United Kingdom, suggesting a link between these countries or a common source of this subtype. In Nigeria, subtype B was also found, which may be a reflection of chicken importations from most major poultry-producing countries in Europe and Asia. In order to justify countermeasures, further studies are warranted to better understand the metapneumoviruses and their impact on poultry production. 相似文献
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为掌握禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)在安徽省鸡群中的感染状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对安徽省合肥、亳州、定远、舒城等地区的9个鸡场、7个不同品种(系)鸡群的296份血液样本进行了aMPV血清抗体检测。结果表明,所有被检鸡场均有aMPV感染,鸡场阳性率最高达100%,最低为20%;各品种(系)鸡均有感染,感染率最高的是青脚麻肉鸡,其次分别为科宝肉鸡、海兰蛋鸡、禽粤黄蛋鸡、淮南麻黄鸡、黄羽土鸡和新广麻肉鸡;其中蛋用型鸡血清样本总体阳性率为88.7%,明显高于肉用和兼用型鸡;公鸡和母鸡血清抗体阳性率均较高。研究结果表明,安徽省鸡群aMPV的感染已广泛存在,且不同地区、品种(系)、用途和性别的鸡群均较严重,应根据感染状况尽早制定相应的防控对策。 相似文献
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为了调查鸡群中禽偏肺病毒（aMPV）的流行情况,本研究从江苏、辽宁、河南、山东、河北等地有肿头症状的鸡群中取其鼻甲骨和鼻黏液进行 RT-PCR 检测,随机选取9株 PCR 阳性产物对其 F 基因进行序列测定与遗传进化分析。结果表明,280份病料中检出阳性样品142份,阳性检出率达50．7％;9个试验毒株之间 F 基因同源性为99．4％～100％,与 B 型 aMPV 代表株的同源性为97．7％～99．9％,而与 A 型、C型和 D 型 aMPV 代表株的同源性为71．9％～79．4％;由遗传进化树可见,这9株 aMPV 均属于 B 型分支。说明我国鸡群中目前存在 aMPV 感染,B 型毒株是优势流行基因型,从而为禽偏肺病毒疫苗的开发提供了流行病学资料。 相似文献
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Most of the studies regarding the immunopathogenesis of avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) have been done with subtype C of aMPV. Not much is known about the immunopathogenesis of aMPV subtypes A and B in turkeys. Specifically, local immune reactions have not been investigated yet. We conducted two experiments in commercial turkeys. We investigated local and systemic humoral and cell mediated immune reactions following infection with an attenuated vaccine strain of aMPV subtype B (Experiment I) and virulent strains of aMPV subtypes A and B (Experiment II). Turkeys infected with virulent aMPV strains developed mild respiratory signs while birds inoculated with the attenuated aMPV did not show any clinical signs. Virus neutralizing antibodies were detected locally in tracheal washes and systemically in serum as soon as 5-7 days post aMPV infection (PI) independent of the strain used. Virus neutralizing antibody titres peaked at 7 days PI and then antibody levels declined. The peak of serum ELISA antibody production varied between infected groups and ranged from 14 and 28 days PI. All aMPV strains induced an increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cell populations in spleen and Harderian gland at days 7 or 14 PI. Furthermore, as shown in Experiment I, infection with the attenuated aMPV-B strain stimulated spleen leukocytes to release significantly higher levels of interferons (IFNs), interleukin-6 and nitric oxide in ex vivo culture in comparison to virus-free controls up to 7 days PI (P<0.05). As detected by quantitative real time RT-PCR in Experiment II, infection with virulent aMPV induced an increased IFNgamma expression in the Harderian gland in comparison to virus-free controls. IFNgamma expression in the spleen varied between aMPV strains and days PI. Overall, our study demonstrates that aMPV subtypes A and B infection induced humoral and cell mediated immune reactions comparable to subtype C infections. We observed only temporary stimulation of serum virus neutralizing antibodies and of most of the local immune reactions independent of the aMPV strain used. The temporary character of immune reactions may explain the short duration of protection against challenge following aMPV vaccination in the field. 相似文献
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Velayudhan BT McComb B Bennett RS Lopes VC Shaw D Halvorson DA Nagaraja KV 《Avian diseases》2005,49(4):520-526
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the pathogenesis of a recent isolate of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in turkeys and to evaluate the quantitative distribution of the virus in various tissues during the course of infection. Seventy 2-week-old turkey poults were divided equally into two groups. One group was inoculated with aMPV (MN 19) with a titer of 10(5.5) TCID50 oculonasally. Birds in the second group were maintained as sham-inoculated controls. Birds showed severe clinical signs in the form of copious nasal discharge, swollen sinus, conjunctivitis, and depression from 4 days postinoculation (PI) to 12 days PI. Samples from nasal turbinates, trachea, conjunctiva, Harderian gland, infraorbital sinus, lungs, liver, and spleen were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days PI. Histopathologic lesions such as a multifocal loss of cilia were prominent in nasal turbinate and were seen from 3 to 11 days PI. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of aMPV from 3 to 9 days PI in nasal turbinate and trachea. Viral RNA could be detected for 14 days PI from nasal turbinate and for 9 days from trachea. In situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of aMPV from 1 to 11 days PI in nasal turbinates and from 3 to 9 days PI in the trachea. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data showed the presence of a maximum amount of virus at 3 days PI in nasal turbinate and trachea. Clinically and histopathologically, the new isolate appears to be more virulent compared to the early isolates of aMPV in the United States. 相似文献
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Sugiyama M Koimaru H Shiba M Ono E Nagata T Ito T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):783-787
Decreases in egg production and increased incidence of abnormal eggs due to malformation of egg shells were observed in specific pathogen free (SPF) 173-day-old laying hens inoculated intravenously with an avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) strain PLE8T1. This strain was derived from an isolate from broiler birds exhibiting swollen head syndrome (SHS). Some SPF birds inoculated with the virus showed, slight diarrhea without any respiratory symptoms. Thus, the PLE8T1 strain was used as a challenge virus to evaluate efficacy of aMPV vaccines. SPF chickens which received a live attenuated aMPV vaccine (NEMOVAC; Merial) at 7 or 77 days old and an inactivated aMPV vaccine (OVO-4; Merial) at 105 days old were protected against poor egg production caused by the challenge with the PLE8T1 strain. Thus, aMPV, the PLE8T1 strain passaged 22 times after isolation, from birds exhibiting SHS, could induce a drop in egg production in laying hens accompanied by malformation of egg shells. It was suggested that this challenge system could be applied to evaluate the efficacy of aMPV vaccine. 相似文献
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Bon-Sang Koo Hae-Rim Lee Eun-Ok Jeon Hye-Sun Jang Moo-Sung Han In-Pil Mo 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(2):231-233
A molecular study of intestinal samples from 21 broiler flocks with a history of enteritis revealed that 23.8% and 14.3% were positive for chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian rotavirus (ARV), respectively. CAstV and group A ARV were simultaneously detected in only one broiler flock. Birds in this group developed the significant intestinal lesions characterized by frothy contents, paleness, and thin intestinal walls. In this report we present an unusual case of runting stunting syndrome (RSS) with a history of high mortality and growth retardation in broiler chickens. We also make the first identification of CAstV and group A ARV in broiler chickens in Korea. 相似文献
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Local and systemic immune responses following infection of broiler-type chickens with avian Metapneumovirus subtypes A and B 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Infections with avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) are often associated with swollen head syndrome in meat type chickens. Previous studies in turkeys have demonstrated that local humoral and cell-mediated immunity plays a role in aMPV-infection. Previous experimental and field observations indicated that the susceptibility of broilers and their immune reactions to aMPV may differ from turkeys. In the presented study local and systemic immune reactions of broilers were investigated after experimental infections with subtypes A and B aMPV of turkey origin. Both virus subtypes induced a mild respiratory disease. The recovery from respiratory signs correlated with the induction of local and systemic aMPV virus-neutralizing antibodies, which began to rise at 6 days post infection (dpi), when the peak of clinical signs was observed. In a different manner to the virus neutralizing (VN) and IgG-ELISA serum antibody titres, which showed high levels until the end of the experiments between 24 and 28 dpi, the specific IgA-ELISA and VN-antibody levels in tracheal washes decreased by 10 and 14 dpi, respectively, which may explain the recurring aMPV-infections in the field. Ex vivo cultured spleen cells from aMPV-infected broilers released at 3 and 6 dpi higher levels of IFN-γ after stimulation with Concanavalin A as compared to virus-free birds. In agreement with studies in turkeys, aMPV-infected broilers showed a clear CD4+ T cell accumulation in the Harderian gland (HG) at 6 dpi (P<0.05). In contrast to other investigations in turkeys aMPV-infected broilers showed an increase in the number of CD8alpha+ cells at 6 dpi compared to virus-free birds (P<0.05). The numbers of local B cells in the Harderian gland were not affected by the infection. Both aMPV A and B induced up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA-expression in the nasal turbinates, while in the Harderian gland only aMPV-A induced enhanced IFN-γ expression at 3 dpi. The differences in systemic and local T cell and possibly natural killer cell activity in the HG between turkeys and chickens may explain the differences in aMPV-pathogenesis between these two species. 相似文献
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Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS) affects both broiler and broiler breeders and has become a problem in many countries. Clinical signs similar to those described in SHS conditions have been observed in northern Germany with the disease observed mostly in chicken broilers between 4 and 5 weeks of age and in broiler breeders between 24 and 36 weeks of age. The mortality rate in broilers has been variable from negligible to 5%. In broiler breeders, the symptoms were accompanied with a drop in egg production reaching 2-3% after 1 to 2 weeks. 422 Serum samples from 21 broiler flocks were examined for the presence of antibodies to TRT-virus using indirect ELISA tests. Antibodies were detected in 2 flocks which suffered from SHS, but not in 2 flocks showing respiratory manifestations nor in 17 apparently healthy flocks. The results obtained from testing 178 serum samples from 10 breeder flocks revealed that antibodies to TRT-virus were present in one flock with SHS signs as well as in 6 apparently healthy flocks. In addition, no antibodies were found in sera collected from 3 flocks--one with SHS and respiratory disease history; one recovered from respiratory infection and one without disease history. Examination of paired serum samples from 3 breeder flocks that suffered from typical SHS-signs collected at the onset of the disease and during the convalescent stage, as well as sera from one broiler and one breeder flocks that showed respiratory manifestations, showed that there are significant increases in the number of positive sera in the flocks with SHS symptoms. The other flocks remained free from TRT antibodies. 相似文献
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Shikai Sun Feng Chen Sheng Cao Jiajia Liu Wen Lei Guangwei Li Yongfeng Song Junpeng Lu Chuang Liu Jianping Qin Haiyan Li 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):74
Subtype C avian metapneumovirus (aMPV-C), is an important pathogen that can cause egg-drop and acute respiratory diseases in poultry. To date, aMPV-C infection has not been documented in Muscovy ducks in China. Here, we isolated and characterized an aMPV-C, designated S-01, which has caused severe respiratory disease and noticeable egg drop in Muscovy duck flocks in south China since 2010. Electron microscopy showed that the isolate was an enveloped virus exhibiting multiple morphologies with a diameter of 20–500 nm. The S-01 strain was able to produce a typical cytopathic effect (CPE) on Vero cells and cause death in 10- to 11-day-old Muscovy duck embryos. In vivo infection of layer Muscovy ducks with the isolate resulted in typical clinical signs and pathological lesions similar to those seen in the original infected cases. We report the first complete genomic sequence of aMPV-C from Muscovy ducks. A phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested that the S-01 virus belongs to the aMPV-C family, sharing 92.3%-94.3% of nucleotide identity with that of aMPV-C, and was most closely related to the aMPV-C strains isolated from Muscovy ducks in France. The deduced eight main proteins (N, P, M, F, M2, SH, G and L) of the novel isolate shared higher identity with hMPV than with other aMPV (subtypes A, B and D). S-01 could bind a monoclonal antibody against the F protein of hMPV. Together, our results indicate that subtype-C aMPV has been circulating in Muscovy duck flocks in South China, and it is urgent for companies to develop new vaccines to control the spread of the virus in China. 相似文献