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为研究探讨初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响,试验选取初生重接近的健康娟姗犊牛20 头,随机分为4 组,分别为对照组、试验I组、II组和III组,每组5 头犊牛,试验期为60 天。4 组犊牛出生当日饲喂两次初乳,首次初乳量按照体重的10.0%进行灌服,第2次初乳于出生后6~8 h按照体重的5.0%进行饲喂。4 组犊牛出生当日在产房饲养,2日龄时均转为室外犊牛岛单栏饲养。2日龄后,对照组每天上午06:00和下午16:00时各饲喂常乳1次,2~6日龄每次饲喂1.50 L,7~20日龄每次饲喂1.80 L,21~35日龄每次饲喂2.50 L,36~60日龄每次饲喂3.00 L,自7日龄开始犊牛自由采食颗粒料。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别继续饲喂初乳至犊牛2日龄、4日龄、6日龄后再饲喂常乳,饲喂时间和饲喂量与对照组一致。结果表明:(1)在饲喂初乳后48 h、72 h、96 h,试验组与对照组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白g(IgG)均差异显著(p<0.05),120 h、144 h、168 h,试验Ⅰ组与对照组比较,犊牛血清IgG含量差异不显著(p>0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清IgG含量与对照组相比,差异极显著(p<0.01)。(2)随着初乳饲喂次数的增加,可有效降低犊牛20日龄内腹泻发生率,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较对照组比较犊牛腹泻发生率分别降低9.5%、22.5%、36.5%,治疗犊牛腹泻总成本较对照组分别下降12.0 元、43.2 元、76.8 元,3 组试验组犊牛成活率为100.0%。(3)初乳饲喂次数的增加,使0~60日龄娟姗犊牛平均日增重(ADG)升高,试验组与对照组相比较,日增重均差异极显著(p<0.01),分别增加16.7 g、33.3 g、80.0 g。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较试验Ⅰ组ADG差异也极显著(p<0.01)。综合考虑,建议娟姗犊牛饲喂初乳至6日龄,可降低犊牛腹泻发生率、减少治疗费用,提高犊牛成活率及ADG。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究初乳巴氏杀菌与否对犊牛生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响。选取体重相近、健康状况良好的20头新生荷斯坦牛犊牛,随机分为2组,对照组犊牛饲喂未经过巴氏杀菌的初乳,试验组犊牛饲喂经过巴氏杀菌的初乳,试验期90 d。试验期间测量两组犊牛体重、平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）及料重比（F/G）,同时观察犊牛腹泻情况,在0、30、60及90日龄测量两组犊牛体尺指标。结果显示,在90日龄时,与对照组相比,试验组犊牛的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别增加了1.74%和2.33%（P> 0.05）,试验组犊牛管围和体斜长分别增加了2.68%和1.41%（P> 0.05）,而腹泻率和料重比却分别降低了0.67%和2.40%（P> 0.05）。初乳巴氏杀菌与否对犊牛复胃重、小肠重及小肠长度的影响不显著（P> 0.05）,但显著降低了犊牛复胃重与活体重比（P< 0.05）。综上所述,巴氏初乳对90日龄内犊牛的生长发育有一定促进作用。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(12)
本试验旨在研究奶粉增强剂对饲喂奶粉犊牛生长性能及健康状况的影响。选择体重相近的新生犊牛28头,随机分成2个处理,每个处理14头,公、母各半。对照组饲喂奶粉,试验组饲喂90%奶粉+10%奶粉增强剂。试验期为10周。结果表明:在6~8周龄阶段试验组母犊平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验期间各处理对犊牛干物质采食量和饲料转化效率无显著性影响(P0.05);在0~10周龄阶段试验组母犊体高变化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),同期试验组公犊的体高变化率高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);试验组公犊、母犊10周龄的体躯指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05),各处理组的体长指数差异不显著(P0.05);试验期间试验组与对照组犊牛腹泻率比为1:2.25,发热率比为1:4.5。综上可知,在奶粉中添加奶粉增强剂可提高犊牛日增重,改善犊牛体尺,降低犊牛哺乳期的腹泻和发热情况。 相似文献
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为了对我国犊牛饲养管理现状进行阐述，同时鉴定我国规模化奶牛场中致犊牛腹泻的风险因素，本调查采用网络调查问卷和多元线性回归法，收集国内奶牛场产犊管理、初乳管理、犊牛日常饲养管理和腹泻犊牛治疗的相关信息并从中分析致犊牛腹泻的风险因素。结果显示，受访的57个奶牛场中，犊牛腹泻年平均发病率为22.53%(2.50%～97.50%,分位数：1.0%～80.0%);问卷所得信息经整理分析后展示了受访奶牛场在产犊管理、初乳管理、犊牛日常饲养管理和腹泻犊牛治疗方面的现状；风险因素分析结果显示，寒冷季节、初乳采用60℃1 h的巴氏杀菌程序、产圈垫料更换频率低于1次/2周、奶桶消毒频率低于1次/7 d、仅采用口服补液治疗腹泻犊牛均与犊牛腹泻发病率呈正相关；出生2 h和出生12 h进行脐带消毒、产圈垫料更换频率为1周1次、使用独立的产圈、使用初乳折射仪检测初乳质量、由兽医或犊牛饲养员饲喂初乳、以抗生素为主配合口服或静脉补液和以口服补液为主配合抗生素治疗犊牛腹泻与犊牛腹泻发病率呈负相关。本调查归纳总结了当前国内奶牛场犊牛饲养管理现状，分析了导致犊牛腹泻的相应风险因素，为进一步提高国内犊牛饲养管理水平提供参考。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(21):39-44
为研究饲喂不同浓度大豆异黄酮(soy isoflavone, SIF)对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能及腹泻的影响,试验采用单因素随机分组设计将40头体况良好、体重相近的(30±10)日龄荷斯坦犊牛分为4组:CON组,TGⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组10头。CON组饲喂3×2 L/d全脂酸化乳,开食料自由采食;TGⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在对照组饲喂的基础上添加100、300、600 mg/d SIF。预试阶段7 d及正试阶段60 d。于正试阶段0、20、40、60 d时称(测)量犊牛体重、体尺并计算日增重,每日进行犊牛粪便评分,每周统计腹泻率和腹泻频率。结果表明:试验组日增重在试验全期及各期均高于CON组且TGⅢ组日增重最高。试验组腹泻率和腹泻频率在试验全期及各期均不高于CON组且TGⅢ组腹泻率和腹泻频率最低。综上所述可得结论:饲喂大豆异黄酮有提高荷斯坦犊牛增重促进生长的作用,且饲喂浓度为600 mg/d饲喂时间在40 d以上时效果最佳。饲喂大豆异黄酮有降低犊牛腹泻率的作用,且饲喂浓度为600 mg/d时效果最佳。 相似文献
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对34个奶牛场和1个农业研究所犊牛场的新生犊牛死亡率进行了四年的研究表明,8,752头犊牛中有280头(3.2%)主要死于腹泻和(或)败血病,并研究了犊牛场的管理方法和犊牛死亡率之间的关系。当保持良好的卫生条件和产后立即饲喂足量的初乳时,则感染率很低,发病率和死亡率分别为8.3%和1.2%,对比之下,卫生条件不良和产后6小时才喂初乳者的发病率和死亡率则分别为36%和4.1%。95头病犊中有41头口服葡萄糖-甘氨酸电解质溶液,54头口服电解质溶液 相似文献
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母牛补饲维生素E和硒对新生犊牛生长和免疫的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验选择年龄、胎次、体况评分、顸产期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分成2组,一组自由舔饲维生素E富硒舔砖,一组不补饲舔砖,研究维生素E(VE)和硒对新生犊牛生长和免疫的影响.试验期90 d,从预产前60 d到产后30 d.结果表明,试验组母牛血清中VE的含量在产后12 h显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清中硒的含量在产前30 d和产后12 h高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01).试验组母牛分娩后12 h,血清中IgG、IgM的含量,初乳中IgM、IgG、IgA的含量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05).试验组犊牛出生后12 h,血清中VE和硒含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),IgG、IgA的含量高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05).试验组犊牛初生体质量和体尺显著高于对照组(P<0.05),30日龄体质量和体尺高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01).试验组犊牛的发病率比对照组降低了50%. 相似文献
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《当代畜牧》2019,(9)
为了测定牛初乳对奶用雌性犊牛生长性能的影响,笔者将奶牛产仔后1 h内挤得的牛初乳饲喂初生雌性犊牛。试验选取出生状况良好,身体健康的犊牛24头,按出生顺序分为A组、B组和C组,每个试验组8头犊牛。A组犊牛在出生24 h内饲喂1餐初乳,B组犊牛在出生后24 h内饲喂2餐初乳,C组犊牛在出生后24 h内饲喂3餐初乳。饲养20 d观测犊牛的生长性能。结果显示,C组犊牛的日增重显著高于A组(P<0.05),C组的乳重比显著低于A组(P<0.05);C组,B组,A组对应的健康率为87.5%、75.0%和37.5%。试验表明,雌性犊牛出生24 h内投喂初乳量与次数适当增加,能显著提高犊牛的日增重和降低乳重比,同时还能改善犊牛的抗病能力。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献