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伴随全球化格局下世界政治经济社会自然环境发生的巨变,特别是“同一世界,同一健康”理念影响的深入,兽医工作的复杂程度显著增加。世界动物卫生组织（OIE）开展的兽医体系效能（PVs）评估和差距分析,意在帮助成员提升兽医体系能力,实现保护全球动物卫生、兽医公共卫生、生态环境,保障动物源性食品供给与安全,减少贫困的职责目标。本文通过解析PVS评估和差距分析方法中蕴含的现代公共管理理念、原理和方法,探讨应用时可能出现的干扰因素,提出了我国实行良好兽医管理、完善兽医体系、强健履职能力、保障兽医工作成效全面提升的措施建议。 相似文献
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受农业部兽医局委托,5月28日—29日,中国动物卫生与流行病学中心在青岛举办兽医体系效能（PVS）评估培训班。来自全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）兽医机构的120多人参加了培训。中国动物卫生与流行病学中心党组书记张弘介绍了我国目前PVS评估工作的进展及成效,并对下一步工作提出了要求。他指出要进一步构建PVS评估长效机制,建立健全PVS评估法律制度,积极推广开展PVS评估工作,研究探索PVS评估结果应用机制,利用PVS评估方法进行自我诊断、查找差距、改进工作,争取兽医基础设施投入和工作经费支持。 相似文献
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兽医体系效能(PVS)评估指标体系是衡量兽医体系质量和运行效能水平的主要依据。本文针对PVS评估主体如何分析处理多地区、多要素、多指标、多等级评估结果的难题,研究建立了PVS评估结果综合分析方法。该方法根据评估目的确立分析目标单元;结合评估结果与应对措施的可实现程度,将接受评估的地区划分为3至5类;针对部分能力指标平均效能水平显著偏低的地区,分析各自成因,提出改进政策措施。该方法为政府兽医工作主管部门运用PVS评估方法查找系统性能力缺陷,精准施策,推进兽医体系整体能力提升,稳固非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病防控体系基础,提出了可行性技术路径。 相似文献
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OIE应用PVS对95个成员单位的兽医教育进行了评估,发现许多成员单位的兽医机构能力不足,不能满足全球动物疫病监测和防控的需求,OIE认为加强兽医教育是提高成员兽医机构能力最直接、最有效的方法。为此,在2009年到2013年间,OIE召开了5次兽医教育专业组会议、3届世界兽医教育大会,发布了《为保证成员兽医机构质量,提高兽医毕业生入职能力的建议》、《OIE兽医教育核心课程指南》、《兽医教育结对项目指南》和《兽医立法机构结对项目指南》。OIE建议并鼓励各成员单位通过各种途径实施上述建议和指南,提升并统一全球兽医教育水平,提高兽医机构能力。本文对以上情况进行了概述。 相似文献
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为加强基层动物防疫体系建设,客观评估基层兽医机构防控非洲猪瘟能力和非洲猪瘟防控政策执行情况,组织开展了10个养猪大省的20个县基层兽医机构防控非洲猪瘟效能评估。结果显示：当前基层兽医机构具备防控非洲猪瘟的基本能力,但已不适应新时期动物疫病防控需要,部分关键能力存在不足;发生疫情县的防控能力普遍低于未发生疫情县,说明“人财物”资源配置好的地区防控非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病的能力较强;政策落实情况与兽医机构效能总体上呈正相关性,技术性政策落实情况明显优于资源性政策落实情况。此次效能评估工作引起了地方政府重视,切实发挥了评估“指挥棒”作用,为各地加强基层动物防疫体系建设发挥了示范带动作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献