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1.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加硒代胱氨酸(SeC)、L-硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸(L-MSC)、L-硒代半胱氨酸(L-SeCys)和亚硒酸钠(SS)对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和蛋中硒含量的影响,以期为富硒鸡蛋的生产提供依据。选用26周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的海兰灰蛋鸡450只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外补充硒),其他4组饲粮在基础饲粮中添加0.30 mg/kg硒,分别来自SeC、L-MSC、L-SeCys和SS,各组饲粮中硒含量实测值分别为0.08(对照组)、0.36(SeC组)、0.35(L-MSC组)、0.31(L-SeCys组)和0.37(SS组)mg/kg。预试期1周,正试期4周。结果表明:1)与SS组和对照组相比,胱氨酸类硒源各组产蛋鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和料蛋比均无显著差异(P0.05)。L-SeCys组平均日采食量在试验1~2周时显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)与SS组和对照组相比,胱氨酸类硒源各组产蛋鸡的蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋黄和蛋白比例均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验第4周末,SS组蛋黄颜色显著高于其他各组(P0.05);SeC和SS组蛋壳厚度显著高于其他各组(P0.05),L-MSC和L-SeCys组蛋壳厚度显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组蛋壳比例显著低于各试验组(P0.05)。3)与SS组和对照组相比,胱氨酸类硒源各组产蛋鸡的血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P0.05);SeC和SS组血浆总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05);胱氨酸类硒源各组血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量与SS组相比无显著差异(P0.05);对照组血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于其他各组(P0.05),L-MSC组的血浆T-AOC最高,显著高于SS组(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加胱氨酸类硒源显著提高了蛋中硒含量(P0.05),其中L-MSC组最高;胱氨酸类硒源各组蛋中硒含量和硒转化率均高于SS组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加3种胱氨酸类硒源可增强机体抗氧化水平,提高蛋中硒含量,其中SeC和L-MSC效果更好。 相似文献
2.
3.
试验选取7周龄、体重(10.30±0.68)kg的缺硒猪30头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂添加0、0.3、3.0 mg/kg富硒酵母(SeY)的基础日粮,研究SeY对硒蛋白基因表达的影响,以及基因表达和抗氧化成分、肉品质之间的相关性,试验期8周。结果发现,日粮中添加SeY可提高肌肉的抗氧化成分;且随着日粮中SeY含量的增加,滴水损失和肌肉中的硫代巴比妥酸反应底物浓缩物含量显著降低(P<0.05);12个硒蛋白基因中肌肉Sepw1基因的mRNA表达水平极显著升高(P<0.01)。统计结果发现,滴水损失与Sepw1基因mRNA表达水平呈负相关。说明肌肉持水量增加与Sepw1基因表达增强有一定的相关性。 相似文献
4.
为研究在不同时间添加不同浓度硒对酵母富集硒的影响,试验采用3,3’-二氨基联苯胺分光光度计法测定酵母细胞总硒和细胞内蛋白硒含量,并通过高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定酵母细胞内硒代氨基酸含量。结果表明：以酵母生长OD600 nm值为依据,最佳加硒时间为6 ~ 10 h,最佳添加量为10 ~ 20 mg/L。综合考虑酵母生物量、总硒和蛋白硒含量,最佳加硒时间为6 h,浓度为20 mg/L。该条件下,酵母总硒含量为1566.30 μg/g,细胞内蛋白硒含量为1336.82 μg/g,硒代蛋氨酸含量为1044.57 μg/g,硒代胱氨酸含量为108.33 μg/g,硒代甲基半胱氨酸含量为72.21 μg/g。
[关键词] 硒|酵母|硒含量|硒代氨基酸 相似文献
5.
硒的原子序数为34，具有非金属性和金属性。单质硒有三种同素异性体：无定性硒、晶体硒和金属硒。化合态的硒有低分子量化合物和高分子量化合物存在于生物体内。低分子量化合物如硒代半胱氨酸、硒代胱氨酸、胆汁硒、硒代牛黄酸、硒代辅酶A,此外还有亚硒酸钠(含硒45.7％)、硒酸钠(含硒41.8％)、硒化钠(含硒63．2％)、亚硒酸钙(含硒47．3％)。高分子量化合物有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、甲酸脱氢酶、甘氨酸还原酶、烟酸羟化酶、黄嘌呤脱氢酶、硫解酶以及各种含硒的蛋白质，例如硒蛋白P。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究母种猪饲粮中添加DL-硒代蛋氨酸对后代乳猪胰脏硒含量、抗氧化功能、消化酶活性以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)基因表达的影响.选取健康的胎次相同、妊娠后期的"长×大"二元杂交母猪12头,随机分为2组(亚硒酸钠组和DL-硒代蛋氨酸组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪.在基础饲粮(硒的实测值为0.04 mg/kg)中添加亚硒酸钠和DL-硒代蛋氨酸各0.3 mg/kg.试验分为妊娠后期(32 d)和泌乳期(28 d),共计60 d.结果表明:与亚硒酸钠组相比,DL-硒代蛋氨酸组使后代乳猪胰脏中硒含量增加54.29%(P<0.01),GSH-Px活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平分别提高22.84%(P<0.01)、24.60%(P<0.01)、112.52%(P<0.01)和131.14%(P<0.01),而丙二醛(MDA)含量降低了25.55%(P<0.01);胰淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性分别提高50.81%(P<0.01)、17.61%(P<0.05)和14.87%(P<0.05);GSH-Px mRNA表达增高了31.00%(P<0.01).结果提示,母种猪饲粮中添加DL-硒代蛋氨酸较亚硒酸钠能显著提高后代乳猪胰脏组织硒含量,增强抗氧化功能和消化酶分泌,并能提高GSH-Px mRNA表达量. 相似文献
7.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(9)
本试验旨在研究饲粮酵母硒添加水平对滩羊生长性能、血液常规参数、硒蛋白基因表达以及组织器官硒含量的影响,进而评价酵母硒对滩羊的生物安全性,揭示硒在滩羊体内的生物富集规律。选取体重[(32±2) kg]相近、健康状况良好的滩羊公羔64只,随机分为4组,每组16个重复,每个重复1只羊。试验选用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,硒含量为0.16 mg/kg,各组分别在基础饲粮中添加28.94、105.46、258.51、564.60 mg/kg酵母硒,使饲粮硒含量分别为0.25(Ⅰ组)、0.50(Ⅱ组)、1.00(Ⅲ组)、2.00 mg/kg(Ⅳ组)。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮酵母硒添加水平对滩羊生长性能无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组滩羊血液平均红细胞体积、嗜酸性粒细胞计数显著升高(P0.05)。与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅳ组滩羊血液红细胞分布宽度标准差显著降低(P0.05)。3)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组滩羊肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶1(GPX1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3(GPX3)的mRNA相对表达量呈二次极显著升高(P0.01)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组滩羊肝脏硫氧还原白还原酶1(TXNRD1)的mRNA相对表达量呈二次极显著下降(P0.01),甲状腺激素脱碘酶1(DIO1)的mRNA相对表达量呈线性显著下降(P0.05)。各组之间滩羊肌肉硒蛋白mRNA相对表达量均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)Ⅳ组滩羊血清硒含量极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.01)。随着饲粮酵母硒添加水平的提高,滩羊背肌、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、心脏、胰腺、十二指肠硒含量呈二次极显著增加(P0.01),脾脏、睾丸硒含量呈线性极显著增加(P0.01)。综上所述,以酵母硒为补充硒源,饲粮硒含量在0.25～2.00 mg/kg时对滩羊生长性能、血液常规参数、硒蛋白基因表达以及组织器官硒含量均无不良影响;饲粮硒含量达2.00 mg/kg时饲喂滩羊是安全的。滩羊血清及组织器官硒富集量随着饲粮酵母硒添加水平的提高而增加。 相似文献
8.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(8)
本试验以配种后期种公鸡为动物模型,比较对照组和有机硒组睾丸组织基因的差异表达,结合GO和KEGG功能富集性分析,旨在探讨硒对种公鸡繁殖能力的影响,为后续提高种公鸡繁殖性能的营养调控提供理论支撑。试验选取120只378日龄健康、体况一致的罗曼褐蛋用种公鸡,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加硒水平为1 mg/kg的硒代蛋氨酸。试验预试期1周,正试期4周。试验期末,从每个重复中随机挑选1只种公鸡取其左侧睾丸,进行睾丸转录组测序,筛选睾丸组织中显著差异表达的基因。结果表明,通过对2组种公鸡的睾丸组织样本进行转录组测序,总共挖掘出111个显著差异表达基因,包括55个上调基因和56个下调基因,注释到的基因个数为86个。在这些差异表达的基因中,上调差异表达倍数最大的基因是微管蛋白alpha-8链(TUBA8A),下调差异表达倍数最大的基因是钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅳ样(CAMK4L)。相对荧光定量PCR结果与睾丸组织转录组测序结果表达趋势相似。GO功能分析显示,蛋白质chibby同源物1(CBY1)、TUBA8A、ADP核糖基转移酶4(ART4)、钙周期蛋白结合蛋白(CACYBP)、腺苷酸激酶7(AK7)和线粒体核糖体蛋白L17(MRPL17)等基因通过参与细胞过程、生物调节、代谢过程、细胞组分和分子功能等提高种公鸡繁殖性能,可作为研究种公鸡繁殖性能的候选基因并进行进一步地研究和探讨。 相似文献
9.
本试验旨在研究和比较不同硒源及水平对蛋用种公鸡肝脏中硒含量、抗氧化性、硒酶活性及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPx4)基因mRNA表达水平的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取196只150日龄海兰褐蛋用种公鸡,随机分为7个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复7只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂分别在基础饲粮中添加0.4、0.8和1.2 mg/kg硒化壳聚糖(SC)和亚硒酸钠(SS)2种硒源的试验饲粮。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)2种硒源及水平对生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮添加SS和SC均能显著增加血浆和肝脏的硒含量(P<0.05);且随着饲粮添加硒水平的增加而机体硒含量增加。3)SC组能显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。4)SS组和SC组均能提高各试验组的硫氧还蛋白还原酶和Ⅰ型脱碘酶活性(P<0.05);且SC组显著高于SS组(P<0.05)。5)硒添加水平为0.8 mg/kg时,SC组的GPx4基因mRNA相对表达水平与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同硒源及添加水平均可影响蛋用种公鸡肝脏中硒含量、抗氧化性、硒酶活性及GPx4基因mRNA表达水平,其中有机硒优于无机硒。 相似文献
10.
硒代蛋氨酸对肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本试验旨在研究硒代蛋氨酸对肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响.选用64头体重约60 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交肥育猪,随机分为4个处理,各处理饲粮中分别添加0(空白对照组)、0.15和0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒、0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠硒,试猪体重达95 kg左右结束试验.结果表明:1)饲粮添加不同水平硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠均未改善肥育猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比(P>0.05);2)饲粮添加不同水平硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠均未显著影响肥育猪背最长肌剪切力、肌内脂肪含量和滴水损失(P>0.05);各硒处理宰后12 h背最长肌pH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,添加硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠显著降低了宰后不同时间点肉色亮度(L*)值(P<0.05),提高了肉色红度(α*)值(P<0.05),0.15 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒处理也显著降低了宰后12 h肉色黄度(b*)值(P<0.05);3)添加0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒显著降低了背最长肌中乳酸含量(P<0.05);0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒处理和0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠硒处理的氧合肌红蛋白含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)和显著高于0.15 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒组(P<0.05).以上试验结果提示,在肥育猪日粮中添加0.15～0.30 mg/kg硒代蛋氨酸硒对改善猪肉肉色十分有利. 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献