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1.
鼠鼻罗氏菌是一种常见的条件性致病菌。2020年我国东北地区某农场的鸭出现流黏性鼻液、咳嗽、呼吸急促等散发性呼吸系统症状以及进食量减少、精神低沉等症状。为了确定发病原因,提出针对性的预防和治疗方案,无菌采集发病鸭鼻拭子进行细菌分离培养。分离菌株经培养特性鉴定、染色镜检、生化试验、16S rDNA序列分析,确定为鼠鼻罗氏菌。动物致病性试验结果显示,分离菌株对鸭具有一定的致病性。分离菌株药物敏感性测定结果显示,其对卡那霉素、庆大霉素、链霉素、红霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢氨苄、恩诺沙星耐药,对多西环素敏感。β-内酰胺类耐药基因(TEM、OXA-23)检测结果均为阴性。结果表明,引发疫情的病原为鸭源鼠鼻罗氏菌,其对多种药物耐药。本研究首次在东北地区禽体内分离出致病性鼠鼻罗氏菌,对多重耐药鼠鼻罗氏菌病的预防和控制具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

2.
为了探究A型产气荚膜梭菌感染鸭后的病理变化情况。选取37日龄健康绿壳蛋鸭灌喂A型产气荚膜梭菌进行人工感染,观察不同时间的临床症状和病理变化。结果:感染72 h后病鸭开始出现腹泻症状,随着时间的增加,临床症状表现越来越明显。96 h后出现褐色粪便,剖检可见部分组织间有纤维素性渗出液。120 h后剖检可见部分组织有出血点。144 h后鸭出现死亡,剖检可见以十二指肠、空肠、回肠的出血点及坏死最为严重,该时期的病理切片观察结果主要为:十二指肠肠腔充满变性、脱落、坏死的上皮细胞,肠绒毛发生崩解脱落并有血细胞和少量炎性细胞浸润,间杂大量淋巴细胞;回肠绒毛总体结构较为完整,部分肠绒毛发生断裂,并伴有充血现象;空肠肠腔充满变性、脱落、坏死的上皮细胞,肠绒毛发生崩解脱落,并有血细胞和少量炎性细胞浸润,肌纤维间隙较大、断裂、密度明显减小。  相似文献   

3.
湖北荆州地区鸭大肠杆菌分离鉴定及生物学特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
从荆州地区鸭场的145份病料中分离到68株鸭大肠杆菌,并通过菌体形态、菌落形态、革兰氏染色特性、生化特性、血清型等一系列的鉴定,确认为鸭大肠杆菌。药敏试验证明各菌株的耐药谱不同。动物致病性试验表明该菌对小白鼠有较强的致病性,可引起小白鼠死亡。各菌株感染雏鸭,均能复制典型的临床症状。  相似文献   

4.
从死亡及濒死期雏鸭的肝、脾、肺和腹水等病料中分离到8株细菌,经培养特性、形态特征观察和生化试验等,鉴定为鸭疫里氏杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer）。用分离株人工感染7日龄健康雏鸭,复制出与自然发病雏鸭相同的病例。药敏试验表明,该菌株对氟苯尼考、丁胺卡那霉素、林町霉素高度敏感,对卡那霉素、恩诺沙星等11种药物均有不同程度的耐药性。  相似文献   

5.
人工感染鸭疫里氏杆菌雏鸭的病理学变化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
用鸭疫里氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer)人工感染7日龄雏鸭，对其进行了临床症状、病理剖检和病理组织学观察。试验结果表明，人工感染鸭疫里氏杆菌24h后，感染鸭开始出现死亡，且在48h内全部死亡。剖检可见典型的纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎。病理组织学检查表明，在感染鸭的心、肝、脾、肺组织出现纤维素性炎症，脑和肾组织分别出现脑膜炎和坏死性肾炎等变化。  相似文献   

6.
猪链球菌2型昆明鼠动物病理模型的建立   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
为研究猪链球菌2型的病原特性、致病机理及对其疫苗与救治药物效果评价提供平台,选用20~25 g健康昆明鼠,以猪链球菌2型山东株为病原,以腹腔注射为感染途径,对猪链球菌2型昆明鼠病理模型进行了探讨(试验随机分为5组,每组10只)。结果表明,感染鼠能表现出典型的临床症状及病理变化,具有较好的重复性,且临床症状及病理变化与本动物猪类似。剖检后从脑、肺,以及胸腔、腹腔和心包积液中都可以分离出猪链球菌2型,分离菌株生物学特性与攻毒菌株一致。按Reed-Munch法计算此菌株对昆明鼠的半数致死量为7×108cfu。感染后2周的血清平均抗体水平为1∶64。这说明昆明鼠能够很好地用作猪链球菌2型的动物病理模型。  相似文献   

7.
在湖北某养殖场的雏鸭群中,出现以角弓反张和肝脏树枝状出血为特征的传染性疾病,根据临床病症初步判断疑似鸭肝炎病毒感染。使用本实验室建立的RT-PCR方法对鸭胚分离毒株进行鉴定,扩增出与预期大小相符的929bp的目的片段。该片段序列与GenBank上公布的Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒基因C型株序列同源性达98%,由此可以确定该雏鸭群感染了新型Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒。雏鸭回归试验结果表明,尿囊液接种非免疫7日龄雏鸭,48h后试验组出现症状,60h出现雏鸭死亡,出现角弓反张等症状,病理剖检及组织病理学切片都能观察到特征性病理变化,对照组不出现任何临床症状及病理变化。  相似文献   

8.
从广东、福建不同地区临床疑似鸭疫里氏杆茵感染病死鸭中分离到12株鸭疫里氏杆菌,通过细菌形态、培养特怔、生化试验,鉴定为鸭疫里氏杆菌。采用微量液体二倍稀释法,测定了14种常用抗菌药物对12株鸭疫里氏杆菌的抗菌活性,结果表明,有2个菌株均对14种药物高度敏感,其MIC值均≤1μg/mL,其它菌株MIC值差异较大,所有抗菌药对Y4菌株的最小抑菌浓度较高,其MIC值均≥32μg/mL。  相似文献   

9.
对新型鸭肝炎病毒人工感染9日龄樱桃谷雏鸭的胰脏损伤特点进行了研究。对感染雏鸭在接毒后12、24、48、72、96、168h以及14d时胰脏病理组织学变化的观察结果表明：感染雏鸭的胰脏组织在接毒后24h出现胰腺细胞的局灶性坏死及嗜酸性小体，且在接毒后48h分布广泛而严重；接毒后72～168h期间，胰脏组织中出现炎性细胞浸润并且逐渐增多，而胰腺的局灶性坏死及嗜酸性小体逐渐减少；接毒后14d，仅见到组织炎性细胞的浸润。应用透射电镜对接毒后48h胰脏的超微结构观察结果显示，胰腺细胞发生坏死．同时出现凋亡细胞的形态特征。本试验结果表明，在新型鸭肝炎病毒感染雏鸭时，胰脏的局灶性坏死是典型病理变化之一，胰腺细胞在发生坏死的同时，可能也发生凋亡，二者同时出现在同一胰脏组织内。  相似文献   

10.
广东鸡,鸭隐孢子虫种类鉴定与致病性研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
从有患轻微呼吸道症状的鸡和鸭的粪便中分离到隐孢子虫卵囊，并在其组织切片中观察到隐孢子虫。根据卵囊的形态和大小、虫体寄生部位，确定鸡、鸭均为贝氏隐孢子虫感染。用上述鸡、鸭粪便中分离的卵囊，分别经口感染２日龄鸡和鸭各１５只以探索其致病性。感染鸡出现明显呼吸道症状，将引起死亡，气管、支气管、气囊、肺和法氏囊出现大体与显微病变。感染鸭则症状和病变都较鸡轻。结果表明：鸭对贝氏隐孢子虫感染的抵抗力比鸡强。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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