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小花棘豆主要有毒成分黄花碱对氧自由基的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨小花棘豆中黄花碱的中毒机理及其对小鼠体内氧自由基代谢的影响,采用紫外可见分光光度法分别测定了对照组和黄花碱组小白鼠血浆、肝脏和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPX)的活性、脂质过氧化终末代谢产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量。结果表明,黄花碱组小白鼠血浆、肝脏和脑组织中SOD活性都显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血浆和脑中GSHPX活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),肝中显著低于对照组(P<0.05),黄花碱组MDA含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。黄花碱能诱发机体内氧自由基的产生,显著降低机体主要器官和组织中某些抗氧化酶的活性和提高MDA的含量,发生脂质过氧化反应而损伤机体主要组织器官,细胞发生空泡变性,可能是黄花碱引起中毒的原因之一。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(24)
为探讨小花棘豆中毒对和田羊脑组织一氧化氮(NO)、环磷鸟苷(cGMP)和游离谷氨酸(Glu)含量的影响,进一步揭示小花棘豆的毒性作用机理,将12只和田羊随机分为3组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。试验组分别按每千克体重10,20 g的剂量饲喂小花棘豆,直至饲喂到典型中毒症状出现为止。屠宰后采集每组试验羊的全脑,检测和田羊不同脑区NO、cGMP和Glu的含量。结果试验Ⅰ组和田羊大脑及海马的NO、cGMP及Glu含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组和田羊小脑及丘脑、试验Ⅱ组和田羊大脑、小脑、丘脑及海马的NO、cGMP及Glu含量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),试验组和田羊脑干中3种物质含量与对照组差异均不显著(P0.05)。同一试验组中,小脑中3种物质的含量变化较大脑、丘脑和海马明显。结果表明:小花棘豆中毒对和田羊脑组织NO、cGMP及Glu含量有显著影响,且具有一定的时间-剂量效应关系,小脑、海马、大脑和丘脑是小花棘豆毒性物质作用的靶区,通过影响这几个脑区信号传导而产生毒性作用。 相似文献
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为了研究家兔脑纹状体出血后一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化及L-NNA和血塞通对其变化的影响,探讨NO在脑出血损伤中的作用机制及2种药物对脑神经元的保护作用.选取4月龄健康哈白兔56只,随机分为假手术对照组、模型组,脑纹状体出血血塞通治疗组及脑纹状体出血L-NNA治疗组,手术建立家兔脑出血模型,应用生化检测技术测定各组脑纹状体出血后不同时间出血侧纹状体NOS活性及NO含量.结果表明,模型组脑纹状体内NOS活性6h开始升高,3d达到高峰,随后逐渐下降,9d时基本恢复至正常水平；2治疗组纹状体NOS活性在各时间点极显著或显著低于模型组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),并且L-NNA在6h～1d时降低脑纹状体NOS活性的程度好于血塞通治疗组(P＜0.05)；NO含量的变化与NOS活性的变化基本一致,二者成正相关；利用SABC免疫组织化学法方法检测各组脑纹状体神经型NOS(nNOS)阳性神经元,发现模型组纹状体nNOS阳性神经元密度增加,细胞着色加深,胞体截面积和最长突起长度变小,经过治疗后神经元密度降低,胞体截面积和最长突起长度显著改善(P＜0.05).结果提示:NO参与了脑出血损伤过程,高浓度的NO能发挥神经毒性作用损害脑组织；血塞通和L-NNA通过抑制NOS的活性,降低了脑纹状体NO的含量,对脑出血家兔的脑神经元具有明显的保护作用. 相似文献
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探讨苦马豆素对家兔脑组织一氧化氮(NO)、环磷鸟苷(cGMP)和游离谷氨酸(Glu)的影响,进一步揭示苦马豆素的毒性作用机理。将24只家兔随机分为4组,即对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。将小花棘豆全草粉碎后,按Ⅰ组添加15%(含苦马豆素30mg/kg)、Ⅱ组添加30%(含苦马豆素60mg/kg)、Ⅲ组添加45%(含苦马豆素90mg/kg)的比例制作混合饲料,饲喂至典型临床症状出现为止。攻毒后14、35、70d每次每组随机采集2只家兔的全脑,检测家兔不同脑区NO、cGMP和Glu含量的变化。结果显示,从35d起,试验Ⅰ组家兔大脑、小脑、丘脑及海马的NO、cGMP及Glu含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组家兔大脑、小脑、丘脑及海马的NO、cGMP及Glu含量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),但3个试验组脑干中3种物质含量与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。同一试验组中小脑3种物质的含量变化较海马、大脑和丘脑明显。结果表明,不同浓度苦马豆素对家兔脑组织NO、cGMP及Glu含量有显著影响,且具有一定的时间-剂量效应关系,小脑、海马、大脑和丘脑是苦马豆素作用的靶区,通过影响这几个脑区信号转导而产生毒性作用。 相似文献
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为研究噻拉嗪对山羊兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质含量的变化,探讨噻拉嗪中枢麻醉作用机制.本试验将25只山羊随机分为5组,分别为对照组,诱导组,麻醉组,恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组,使用高效液相色谱法对不同麻醉时期采取的不同脑组织检测谷氨酸(Glu)和天门冬氨酸(Asp)的含量.结果海马、丘脑和脑干Glu含量在麻醉组显著降低,差异极显著;各脑区Asp含量先降低后升高,在麻醉组降至最低且差异显著.表明噻拉嗪的中枢麻醉作用,可能与降低5个脑区内Asp含量和海马、丘脑、脑干内Glu含量有关. 相似文献
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为了研究D-半乳糖联合铝诱导的小鼠阿尔茨海默症(AD)脑海马一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化及L-NNA和盐酸多奈哌齐对其变化的影响,探讨NO在阿尔茨海默症中的作用机制及2种药物对脑神经元的保护作用。选取2月龄健康昆明小鼠160只,体质量(20±2)g,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐治疗组及L-NNA治疗组,利用D-半乳糖联合三氯化铝建立小鼠AD模型,应用生化检测技术测定各组脑海马在造模后每周NOS活性及NO含量。结果表明,模型组海马内NOS活性开始呈缓慢升高,从第4周开始呈显著升高,保持较高含量至12w造模结束;两治疗组脑海马NOS活性在各时间点极显著或显著低于模型组(P0.01或P0.05),并且L-NNA在4~8周时降低脑海马NOS活性的程度好于盐酸多奈哌齐治疗组(P0.05);NO含量的变化随着NOS活性的变化而变化;利用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测各组脑海马神经型NOS(nNOS)阳性神经元,发现模型组脑海马nNOS阳性神经元密度降低,细胞着色变淡,胞体截面积和最长突起长度变小,经过治疗后神经元密度增加,胞体截面积和最长突起长度显著改善(P0.05)。结果提示NO参与了AD形成过程,高浓度的NO能发挥神经毒性作用损害脑组织;L-NNA通过抑制NOS的活性,降低了脑海马NO的含量,对阿尔茨海默症中海马神经元具有明显的保护作用。 相似文献
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盐酸塞拉嗪对大鼠不同脑区Gln及AsP含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究盐酸塞拉嗪麻醉下大鼠不同脑区兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质含量的变化,探讨盐酸塞拉嗪中枢麻醉作用的可能机理.将48只Wistar大鼠随机分成6组,分别为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组、恢复Ⅱ组和恢复Ⅲ组.采用反向高效液相色谱法测定各脑区Glu和Asp的含量.结果表明:腹腔注射盐酸塞拉嗪40 mg·kg-1后,麻醉组大鼠海马和丘脑Glu、Asp的含量显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而小脑和大脑皮质Glu、Asp的含量显著增加(P＜0.01);恢复Ⅰ组除脑干外其它各脑区Glu和Asp的含量与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05);恢复Ⅱ组各脑区Glu和Asp的含量均恢复显著(P＞0.05);麻醉全程,脑干内Glu和Asp含量均无显著变化(P＞0.05).结果提示,盐酸塞拉嗪对海马、丘脑、小脑和大脑皮质内Glu、Asp含量的影响可能是其产生全麻作用的重要机理之一.盐酸塞拉嗪的中枢麻醉作用,可能与降低海马和丘脑内Glu、Asp,增加小脑和大脑皮质内Glu、Asp的含量有关,海马可能是盐酸塞拉嗪作用的最敏感的脑区. 相似文献
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以1周龄海兰白蛋鸡为试验对象,采用连续腹腔注射等体积不同浓度梯度AlC13的方法,建立不同程度亚慢性铝暴露模型,研究铝暴露对鸡大脑组织氨基酸类神经递质的影响.试验雏鸡分为对照、低、中、高4个试验组,铝暴露剂量分别为0、18.31、27.47、36.62 mg/kg·dAl3+,暴露60 d后,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测鸡大脑组织中氨基酸类神经递质含量,原子吸收分光光度法检测鸡血清和大脑组织中铝的含量.结果表明,随染铝剂量的加大,谷氨酸( Glu)的含量呈升高趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清和大脑组织中铝的含量、甘氨酸(Gly)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、牛磺酸(Tau)含量均高于对照组,与对照组比较差异显著(P＜ 0.05;P＜0.01);低剂量组天门冬氨酸(Asp)含量低于对照组,中高剂量组高于对照组,与对照组比较差异显著(P＜ 0.05;P＜0.01).结果提示,铝暴露可通过影响雏鸡氨基酸类神经递质的含量而产生兴奋性神经毒性作用. 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献