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以可生物降解材料壳聚糖为囊材,采用乳化交联法制备盐酸多西环素壳聚糖微囊,考查其形态学特征、载药量、及体外释药情况等;将12只小鼠随机分为2组,每组6只,分别按药物剂量20 mg·kg-1灌胃,采用HPLC法,以C18为固定相,流动相为乙腈∶甲醇∶0.01 mol· L-1草酸溶液(2∶1∶7),在346 nm处对不同时间点的血药浓度进行检测,研究其在家兔体内药动学特征.结果成功制得外观较均一、光滑,平均粒径约10 μm,药物含量为20.60％,平均包封率为85.54％且具有明显缓释作用的盐酸多西环素微囊;家兔口服给药盐酸多西环素原药和微囊后主要药动学参数Cmax分别为(1.74士0.00)和(1.10士0.00)mg·L-1,Tmax分别为3和12 h,AUC(0-t)分别为(11.71±0.17)和(32.51士0.20) mg· L-1 ·h,T1/2.分别为(1.16士0.53)和(7.51士2.87)h,T1/2β分别为(2.19士0.38)和(9.00±1.60)h,相对生物利用度为289.4％,药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型.说明微囊化后的盐酸多西环素吸收、分布缓慢,生物利用度有了很大提高. 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(1):92-96
为了屏蔽药物的不良味道,本试验以聚丙烯酸树脂IV为囊材,采用液中干燥法制备了氧氟沙星掩味微囊。试验以包封率及载药量为指标,通过考察溶剂、囊材、乳化剂、抗黏剂的用量对微囊的影响来筛选处方工艺。应用最佳工艺制备的氧氟沙星掩味微囊,载药量为57.4%,包封率为48.6%。该微囊在模拟口腔环境(pH值为7.0)介质中释放极其缓慢,60min仅释放总药量的2.1%;随着释放介质的酸度提高,药物的释放速率显著加快;除此之外,在胃酸酸度(pH值为1.0~3.0)范围内,氧氟沙星的释放还呈现缓释特征,可持续近10h。体外试验显示,采用液中干燥法制备得的氧氟沙星微囊,既可掩味又能实现持续释药,而且制备工艺简便,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星肺靶向明胶微球的制备及质量评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研制恩诺沙星肺靶向明胶微球(ENR-GMS)并对其进行质量评价。采用乳化-化学交联法制备恩诺沙星肺靶向明胶微球,油镜下观察微球粒径大小及形态,并用显微照相机(Olym-pusDP12-2)拍照做记录。通过紫外分光光度法检测微球中恩诺沙星(ENR)的含量,进而计算得出其载药量和包封率,并通过溶出度测定法探讨其体外释放规律。制成的恩诺沙星肺靶向明胶微球为淡黄色粉末,油镜下大小较均匀,形态圆整、分散性较好,其内可见被包裹的黄色ENR粉末,平均直径约10.26μm。就粒径分布而言,5～12μm的微球占86.66%,载药量为4.51%,包封率为31%,在pH7.4的PBS缓冲液中的释药符合缓释特征,t1/2约为3.8h,比单纯的ENR延长3个多小时。体外释放实验显示前2.5h时释药量约37.02%,至第5.0h之间释药量达80.87%,之后逐步释放,至10h时药物释放累积量占总药量的87.96%。结果表明,制备出的恩诺沙星明胶微球符合肺靶向给药系统的要求,具有较好的缓释性和肺靶向性。 相似文献
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市售伊维菌素制剂存在生物利用度低,释药峰谷浓度差异大等问题,本文以明胶为囊材,采用单凝聚法制备伊维菌素长效注射微胶囊油混悬剂。以微胶囊的粒径、载药量和包封率为制备工艺的优化指标,采用分光光度法测定微胶囊内药物含量及包封率。结果显示：最佳工艺制备的微胶囊的平均包封率为63.2%,载药量为18.3%,微胶囊的正圆度高、表面平滑,粒径分布在20~50 μm,药物呈缓慢持续释放,体外累计释放率18 h为30.0%,44 h后仅为51.0%。伊维菌素微胶囊制剂可大大增加体内留存时间,提高生物利用度,缓释效果显著。 相似文献
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通过比较3种不同质量比的两嵌段共聚物制备的聚合物胶束,优化恩诺沙星聚合物胶束的制备工艺,并考察该胶束的理化性质和体外释药特性。以自乳化溶剂挥发法制备恩诺沙星聚合物胶束,并采用单因素法优化处方;HPLC法测定其载药量、包封率、体外释药特性,激光粒度仪测定其粒径及分布,红外分光光度法（IR）确证含药胶束特征。结果显示,采用PLA16000-mPEG2000（聚乳酸-聚乙二醇单甲醚）共聚物为载体,以丙酮为有机溶剂,所制备胶束平均粒径为（117.2±8.2）nm,载药量为（3.3±0.17）%,包封率为（32.3±1.70）%;相对于另外2种材料制备的胶束有较好的载药量,且IR确证药物已被包封在胶束中。恩诺沙星胶束体外释药试验表明其具有一定的缓释特性。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B1含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. 相似文献
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Marioni-Henry K Vite CH Newton AL Van Winkle TJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(6):851-858
A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified. 相似文献
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应用光镜和透射电镜技术，观察了3～6月龄比格犬甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明，比格犬甲状腺实质由滤泡和滤泡旁细胞构成。滤泡呈圆形或椭圆形，直径20．22～220．00μm，平均90.80μm；由单层立方上皮细胞围成，细胞高度3．04～7.11μm，平均5.18μm，电镜下可见功能状态不同的两型滤泡上皮细胞；滤泡旁细胞很多，直径4．40～8．82μm，平均6．23μm，位于滤泡之间或镶嵌于滤泡上皮细胞之间，也可聚集在一起形成滤泡样结构，胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒，电镜下也可见两种类型的滤泡旁细胞。 相似文献
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根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。 相似文献