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为调查新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌的药物敏感性状况,提高药物治疗效果,本试验通过细菌培养特性、染色特点、形态观察、生化试验鉴定出25株金黄色葡萄球菌并对其进行了耐药性分析。结果显示,25株金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林、杆菌肽、复方新诺明的耐药率均在80%以上,对氟苯尼考和林可霉素却高度敏感,分别为100%和92%;耐药谱型表现为最多的菌株耐9种药物,最少的耐药3种。试验结果表明,该地区奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌对多种药物存在着严重的多重耐药情况。 相似文献
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为了确定内蒙古地区奶牛中乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药表型及其耐药基因的流行情况,采用生化鉴定法结合PCR方法对奶牛乳源金黄色葡萄球菌进行了分离、鉴定。采用微量稀释法测定了15种临床常用抗菌药物对21株金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑制菌浓度(MICs)。结果显示,分离菌株对青霉素和氨苄西林的耐药率较高,分别为81%和75.5%;对头孢菌素类药物的耐药率也较高,均在60%~70%之间;对大环内酯类和四环素类抗生素的耐药率均在40%~50%之间。乳源金黄色葡萄球菌对3种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药率较低,均小于30%;对庆大霉素也比较敏感,耐药率13.2%。以上分离菌株对万古霉素全部敏感。联合用药的药敏试验结果显示,菌株对阿莫西林-克拉维酸高度敏感,耐药率仅9.5%。多重耐药表型结果显示,75.5%的菌株耐2~7种药,24.5%的菌株耐8~13种药。通过PCR方法对奶牛乳源金黄色葡萄球菌所携带的耐药表型及基因进行检测,结果表明,分离菌株中有3种四环素耐药基因组合在流行。分别是tet M+tet L1株(4.76%)和18株分离菌携带bla Z耐药基因,检出率为85.7%。由此可见,内蒙古地区奶牛乳源性金黄色葡萄球菌对15种抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,且多重耐药情况较为严重;分离菌株中有tet M、tet K、tet L和bla Z耐药基因在流行,分别编码了对四环素类和β-内酰类抗生素的耐药性。 相似文献
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为调查湖南省部分地区奶牛场生鲜乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的检出情况，同时调查金黄色葡萄球菌溶血素基因型与溶血表型的分布情况及二者的关系。采用肉汤稀释法对分离自湖南省部分地区奶牛场生鲜乳的54株金黄色葡萄球菌进行18种常见抗菌药物耐药性检测，采用绵羊血琼脂平板检测细菌溶血性，并采用PCR方法扩增分离菌株mecA基因及5个溶血素基因。结果显示，54株金黄色葡萄球菌均表现不同程度的耐药，耐药谱型达21种；21株金黄色葡萄球菌表现为多重耐药，最高耐药重数为9重；对青霉素耐药最严重，耐药率达85.19%,对头孢西丁、苯唑西林、克林霉素、庆大霉素及大环内酯类药物(红霉素、替米考星)耐药率在20%～30%之间，对多西环素与万古霉素敏感；从24株分离菌中检出mecA基因，鉴定为MRSA。54株分离株在羊血琼脂平板上主要以β和γ溶血为主，α、β及γ溶血率分别为12.9%、44.4%和42.6%;各溶血素基因检出率分别为98.1%(hla)、94.4%(hlb)、96.3%(hld... 相似文献
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为调查我国奶牛乳房炎奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌的药物敏感性情况,以便为该病的临床用药提供参考,本试验采用纸片扩散法对从北京、山西、内蒙古、新疆、浙江5省区奶牛乳房炎奶样中分离的148株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了抗菌药物敏感性检测。北京、山西、内蒙古分离株的临床药敏试验显示,所有菌株对头孢西丁、多西环素、四环素敏感或中介,对红霉素、克林霉素、青霉素、复方新诺明严重耐药,对氯霉素、环丙沙星和庆大霉素的敏感性有地域性差异,66%～100%的菌株同时对3种以上的抗菌药物耐药;新疆86株分离株和浙江20株分离株的临床药敏试验显示,所有菌株除对红霉素、克林霉素、青霉素、复方新诺明耐药外,对多西环素和四环素完全耐药,86%以上的分离株对5种以上抗菌药物耐药,同时还发现头孢西丁耐药株。调查结果显示,5省区乳房炎奶样中的金黄色葡萄球菌除对头孢类(头孢西丁)敏感外,对其他类型抗菌药物均存在一定程度的耐药,尤其对大环内酯类(红霉素)、林可胺类(克林霉素)、青霉素类(青霉素)、磺胺类(复方新诺明)抗菌药物严重耐药,对3～5种以上不同类型抗菌药物的多重耐药也较为普遍。调查表明,牛源性金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的广泛存在将对金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎的抗菌药物治疗形成严重挑战。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(2)
为调查四川省凉山州健康奶牛肠道不同细菌的耐药情况,课题组成员从2013年起采集不同奶牛场健康奶牛粪便样本,按细菌常规分离、鉴定方法对粪便样本中的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌进行了分离、纯化及鉴定,采用纸片扩散法测定各分离菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明:从198份粪便样本中共获得294株菌株,其中大肠杆菌138株、金黄色葡萄球菌51株、肠球菌105株;分离菌株中大肠杆菌、肠球菌对多数抗菌药物呈低水平耐药(耐药率低于30%);金黄色葡萄球菌则表现出较高的耐药性。说明凉山州健康奶牛胃肠道主要的共生菌(大肠杆菌、肠球菌)耐药情况不严重,但金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药状况比较严重,应加强对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性监测,奶牛养殖业应谨慎使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(24)
为了解种鸡场空舍期禽舍空气中金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性情况,采用自然沉降法对山东省某大型种鸡场空舍期空气中金黄色葡萄球菌用Baird-parker培养基进行分离,得到一株细菌,通过培养特性、染色镜检及生化特性对分离菌株进行鉴定,用PCR法扩增16S rRNA基因片段,克隆测序,进行BLAST比对,并用30种常用抗菌药物对分离菌株进行药敏试验。结果表明:分离菌株在BP培养基上有金黄色葡萄球菌的典型菌落特征;染色镜检呈革兰氏阳性葡萄球菌的特性;生化特性试验符合金黄色葡萄球菌特性;与金黄色葡萄球菌的16S rRNA基因序列同源性达99.7%,确定其为金黄色葡萄球菌;分离菌株对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、大环内脂类和喹诺酮类抗生素产生耐药性,对青霉素的抑菌圈直径为0,呈现完全耐药。说明养禽场空舍期消毒后空气中存在金黄色葡萄球菌,该菌株呈现一定的耐药性;试验结果可以为规模化种鸡场抗菌药物和消毒剂的使用提供依据。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2020,(7)
为了解新疆焉耆县不同动物源葡萄球菌耐药情况和耐药菌株之间的亲缘关系及其潜在的传播机制,对采自焉耆县不同动物粪源中分离的26株葡萄球菌通过PCR方法进行属的鉴定;并对其进行临床常用11种抗菌药物的药敏试验;应用PCR方法检测耐药菌株中可能携带的相关耐药基因;对表皮葡萄球菌采用脉冲场凝胶电泳进行分离株的亲缘性分析,对金黄色葡萄球菌进行多位点序列分型。26株葡萄球菌中有16株表皮葡萄球菌,10株金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,所有菌株仅对氨基糖苷类抗菌药物庆大霉素和阿米卡星较为敏感,对其他被检药物高度耐药;26株葡萄球菌均携带4种及4种以上耐药基因;16株表皮葡萄球菌通过PFGE分型法,得到7类基因指纹图谱,PFGE图谱呈现多样性;10株金黄色葡萄球菌通过MLST分型共获得7种ST型,其中ST1、ST22、ST239均发现2株相对优势型。新疆焉耆县不同动物源葡萄球菌耐药率高且携带多种耐药基因,耐药葡萄球菌遗传背景较为复杂,不同养殖场、不同动物源细菌之间存在克隆传播。 相似文献
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为了解动物源性金黄色葡萄球菌对市售常见的各种兽用抗生素药物的耐药情况,掌握并分析其耐药性,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。本研究通过常规细菌分离鉴定患病动物炎性分泌物,对分离菌株进行生化试验、耐药性试验、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant S.aureus,MRSA)鉴定和耐药基因鉴定,获得4株耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,2株为MRSA,2株为甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillinsusceptible S.aureus,MSSA);4株金黄色葡萄球菌均检测出tetA、aac(6')/aph(2')、sul1耐药基因,其中2株MRSA检测出mecA。MRSA与MSSA均表现出了多重耐药现象,其中MRSA比MSSA的耐药现象更为广泛。因此,要更加关注MRSA的流行情况,制定规范的用药行为,严控抗生素药物的滥用。 相似文献
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北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及对常用药物的敏感性,用科玛嘉显色培养基和16SrRNA PCR检测方法对5个奶牛场的100份隐性乳房炎奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定,采用K-B纸片扩增法进行药敏试验。结果表明,显色培养基分离到24株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌,经16SrRNA PCR鉴定,15株为金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,15株金黄色葡萄球菌均对β-内酰胺类中的氨苄西林产生普遍耐药性,对克林霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,分别为53.33%和40%;对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药性较低,耐药率为6.67%。说明15株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对7类9种抗菌药物都有不同程度的耐药性。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2017,(4)
为了了解引起奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的耐药性及其分子流行病学特征,本研究采用纸片扩散法检测临床分离的71株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药特性,并对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)进行判定;应用多重PCR方法对MRSA进行SCCmec分型。结果显示:在新疆地区71株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株中共检出13株MRSA,检出率为18.3%;金黄色葡萄球菌对呋喃妥因、利福平100%敏感,MRSA对头孢类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus,MSSA);MRSA的SCCmec基因型共以SCCmecⅠ和SCCmecⅣa型为主,均占76.9%,另外,1株MRSA仅有1种SCCmecⅢ型,1株MRSA有SCCmecⅠ、SCCmecⅢ和SCCmecⅣa型。本研究结果表明,MRSA耐药性多样,新疆地区MRSA主要流行株为SCCmecⅠ和SCCmecⅣa型。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献