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三种高寒草甸植被类型植物群落结构及其土壤环境因子研究 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
对海北定位站地区分布的金露梅灌丛草甸、矮嵩草草甸和沼泽化藏嵩草草甸3种高寒植被类型群落及土壤环境因子的观测结果表明:3种植被类型地上年净生产量依次为矮嵩草草甸(339.594 g/m2)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(339.358 g/m2)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(278.299 g/m2);光能利用率为矮嵩草草甸(0.099%)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(0.091%)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(0.075%);植被群落的种类组成为矮嵩草草甸(54种)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(47种)＞沼泽化藏嵩草草甸(24种).观察矮嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸0～20 cm土壤温湿度表明,矮嵩草草甸土壤温度＞金露梅灌丛草甸,土壤湿度则相反,其中矮嵩草草甸土壤温度较高,土壤湿度较低,金露梅灌丛草甸则是高土壤湿度和低土壤温度,而沼泽化藏嵩草草甸土壤湿度达饱和甚至超饱和状态,土壤温度显得更低. 相似文献
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祁连山高寒草甸生态系统昆虫群落特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年7月中旬于祁连山地区的中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统研究站,在滩地草甸、金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）灌丛、山坡草甸和沼泽化草甸4个不同的生境中对昆虫进行百网取样,共获得908头昆虫。分别隶属于10目42科 65种。发现该地区双翅目昆虫是最繁盛的类群：第2个优势目为膜翅目,其次优势目为鞘翅目。昆虫物种多样性和丰富度依次为滩地草甸>金露梅灌丛>山坡草甸>沼泽化草甸;均匀度差异不大;优势度指数沼泽化草甸最高,滩地草甸最低。滩地草甸和山坡草甸昆虫群落的相似性最大;其次是金露梅灌丛;差异最大的是沼泽化草甸。通过分析发现,生境的变迁和气候的变化引起了昆虫群落结构和多样性的差异变化。 相似文献
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海北高寒灌丛草甸生态系统CO2释放速率的季节变化规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站干柴滩地区以金露梅Potentilla fruticosa灌丛草甸生态系统为研究对象,应用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法对高寒灌丛(GG)、丛内草甸(GC)和次生裸地(GL)的CO2释放速率进行了长期观测,并对年释放量作了初步估测.结果表明,GG,GC和GL CO2的释放速率在一年内有明显的季节变化.植物生长季CO2释放量明显高于枯黄期,释放速率GG>GC>GL(P＜0.01),且均表现为正排放.不同季节CO2释放存在明显差异,表现为夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季.2003年6月30日至2004年6月28日,高寒灌丛植被-土壤系统CO2释放量为4 293.63±955.75 g/m2,丛内草甸植被-土壤系统CO2释放量为3 319.68±806.19 g/m2,裸地CO2的释放量为1 724.14±444.14 g/m2.CO2释放速率的季节变化与土壤5 cm温度呈显著正相关关系(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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草甸生态系统水源涵养服务功能的时空异质性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于土壤水分动态监测数据,研究分析了青海海北高寒草甸生态系统定位研究站矮嵩草草甸、金露梅灌丛的有效水源涵养服务、潜在水源涵养服务和剩余水源涵养服务的时空异质性。矮嵩草草甸0~40cm土层的平均有效水源涵养量、潜在水源涵养量和剩余水源涵养量分别为108.8mm、204.8mm和566.3mm,而金露梅灌丛则分别为227.7mm、328.0mm和641.4mm。不同层次的土壤有效水源涵养量、潜在水源涵养量、剩余水源涵养量存在显著的差异性,且具有显著的季节变化特征。线性回归分析结果表明,矮嵩草草甸0~40cm水源涵养量与10~20cm水源涵养量的相关性最为显著,而金露梅灌丛则与30~40cm土层的水源涵养量相关性最强。 相似文献
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青藏高原金露梅灌丛与矮嵩草草甸枯枝落叶的分解作用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
研究青藏高原金露梅灌丛和矮嵩草草甸两种植被类型枯枝落叶分解作用强度及其随着埋放时间延长的变化规律.结果表明,两种植被的枯枝落叶在埋放的前3个月均显示出明显的分解效果.其总分解率分别达到20.31%和30.4%,随后分解率逐渐降低,埋放后个月的总分解率仅为前3个月的37.60%和39.33%.矮嵩草草甸枯枝落叶的分解率显著高于金露梅灌丛.土壤温度、微生物数量和枯枝落叶本身的化学成分是影响分解率的主要因素.与其相比,动物粪便的分解率很低. 相似文献
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祁连山东段不同高寒灌丛草地土壤性状特征变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨祁连山东段不同高寒灌丛草地土壤性状的变化,在该区内选取了金露梅（Porentilla fruticosa）、柳（Salix）和杜鹃（Rhododendron）3类高寒灌丛草地,研究了不同高寒灌丛草地土壤物理和化学性状特征变化。结果表明：高寒灌丛草地土壤理化性状差异显著。土壤含水量表现为杜鹃灌丛草地>柳灌丛草地>金露梅灌丛草地;容重表现为金露梅灌丛草地>柳灌丛草地>杜鹃灌丛草地;总孔隙度表现为柳灌丛草地>杜鹃灌丛草地>金露梅灌丛草地;杜鹃灌丛草地土壤有机质含量最高为127.638 g·kg-1,金露梅灌丛草地最低为89.954 g·kg-1;土壤全P、全K和速效N,P,K含量均表现为杜鹃灌丛草地>柳灌丛草地>金露梅灌丛草地,土壤全N含量金露梅灌丛草地最大为2.912 g·kg-1,杜鹃灌丛草地最小为2.586 g·kg-1。相关性分析表明,3类高寒灌丛草地的土壤性状的各个因子之间有显著的相关关系。 相似文献
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本文以青海海北门源县门源马场为例,探讨了3种类型高寒草甸植物群落特征和多样性。结果表明:矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)、金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)和门源嵩草(Kobresia menyuanica)3种高寒草甸植物群落均表现为复层结构;其多样性指数与均匀度指数关系密切;不同高寒草甸群落间共有物种较少,物种替代速率较高;矮嵩草高寒草甸地上生物量分别是金露梅高寒草甸和门源嵩草高寒草甸的1.62和1.69倍;地下生物量主要分布在0~10cm的表层土壤中,垂直空间分布结构呈T字形;地上和地下生物量呈负相关关系。 相似文献
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通过对高寒草甸生态系统金露梅灌丛、矮嵩草草甸、围栏矮嵩草草甸以及模拟地球增温效应下5种植物繁殖投入和生长特性的测定,结果表明,矮嵩草、麻花艽、苔草以及美丽风毛菊的叶长沿对照矮嵩草草甸、OTC、围栏以及金露梅灌丛呈现上升趋势,只是灌丛中苔草和麻花艽两种植物的叶长较围栏和OTC有所下降,而环境变化对植物的叶宽的影响较小.苔草在金露梅灌丛中的繁殖投入最大,其次是矮嵩草草甸和围栏,OTC中苔草的繁殖投入几乎为零.围栏与矮嵩草草甸内苔草的繁殖投入差异不显著,而两者中植物的繁殖投入与金露梅灌丛相比,差异性显著(P＜0.05).矮火绒草在矮嵩草草甸中的繁殖投入最大,其次是OTC和围栏,灌丛中矮火绒草的繁殖投入最小.OTC与矮嵩草草甸内矮火绒草的繁殖投入差异不显著,而OTC与围栏中矮火绒草的繁殖投入差异性显著(P＜0.05).由此我们可以得出一个结论繁殖投入随环境梯度的变化,反映了植物繁殖对策和繁殖投入在整个生活史特征中的可塑性. 相似文献
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高寒金露梅灌丛生物量及年周转量 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用样方调查与挖掘相结合的方法,以金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛多年累积枝干、地下生物量和当年新生枝叶量及6-9月冠面长度、宽度和高度为参数进行线性回归分析,结合金露梅灌丛与草本植物在样地所占比例,估算其年净初级生产量及年净固碳量。结果表明:2004年金露梅灌丛地下实际周转量为53.7 g/m2,周转率为26%;当年新生枝叶量为41.0 g/m2,年净初级生产量94.7 g/m2;以草本植物与金露梅灌丛在样地所占比例为60%和40%进行估算,2004年金露梅灌丛草甸总净初级生产量为858.3 g/m2,固碳量481.9 g/m2。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献