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1.
Development of a diagnostic PCR assay based on novel DNA sequences for the detection of Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) in porcine blood 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
An efficient method of control of porcine eperythrozoonosis (PE) caused by Mycoplasma suis is eradication of infection by detection and removal of infected carrier animals. At present, only a few tests are available for the diagnosis of these latent M. suis infections in pigs. The objective of this study was to develop a PCR assay based on novel DNA sequences for the identification of M. suis-infected pigs. A 1.8 kb EcoRI DNA fragment of the M. suis genome was isolated from the blood of pigs experimentally infected with M. suis. Specificity of the DNA fragment was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis and PCR using primers directed against sequences contained in the 1.8 kb fragment. PCR products of 782 bp in size were amplified only from M. suis particles prepared from the blood of experimentally infected pigs but not from any controls, comprising blood from gnotobiotic piglets and a panel of bacteria including other porcine mycoplasmas. PCR results were confirmed by dot blot hybridisation. The applicability of the PCR assay to diagnose M. suis infections in pigs was evaluated by investigating blood samples from 10 symptomatic pigs with clinical signs typical of porcine eperythrozoonosis and blood samples from 10 healthy pigs. The M. suis-specific PCR product was amplified from all samples taken at episodes of acute disease as well as from samples taken during the latent stage of infection, thus demonstrating the suitability of the PCR assay for detecting latent infected carrier animals. 相似文献
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Hoelzle LE 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(1-2):34-41
Phylogenetic investigations led to the definition of a new group of bacteria called haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas).The life cycle of said globally spread bacteria is dependent on their intimate contact with their host erythrocytes. Illnesses showing symptoms of a haemolytic anaemia are usually found in cats and swine. Haemoplasmas are small pleomorphic bacteria (0.3-3 microm) with a very small genome (745-1245 kbp).To date there is very limited knowledge on their biology and the host-bacteria-interactions (immune response, pathogenesis) since these bacteria are yet not culturable. Applying modern molecular biological techniques we succeeded during the last few years in gaining new facts on the antigen structure of M.suis as well as on the immunology and pathogenesis of the porcine eperythrozoonosis.Thus we detected three main antigens two of which we expressed recombinant in our laboratory. These surface-exposed antigens serve as a basis for establishing serologic assays, and are vaccine candidates, too. Preliminary studies allowed us to find the function of an adhesin of M. suis for one of the two proteins. 相似文献
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为对送检的发病藏香猪病死因进行确诊,本试验采用常规PCR、RT-PCR及荧光定量PCR方法,并结合流行病学调查、临床诊断及病理剖检等实验室检测对送检病料进行诊断,结果显示病死猪心脏、肺脏充血出血,肺脏肉变,气管内充满白色泡沫,全身淋巴结出血;荧光定量PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒呈阳性,PCR方法检出猪伪狂犬病病毒特异性条带,未见猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪肺炎支原体条带,RT-PCR方法未扩增出猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒特异性条带;血液涂片染色镜检可见猪附红细胞体。结果表明病死猪为猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病与猪附红细胞体病混合感染,采用经实验室诊断给出的综合防治方案治疗后,疫情得到控制。本次病例的诊治为养猪业可能发生的猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病、猪附红细胞体病的混合感染提供了有效的防治方法和借鉴经验。 相似文献
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Porcine infectious anemia is a well-known disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the unculturable hemotrophic bacterium Mycoplasma suis. The actual prevalence and impact of M. suis infections, however, remain fairly unknown. This study examined the prevalence of M. suis in post-weaning pigs by employing a quantitative real-time LightCycler PCR. M. suis infections were detected in 164 out of 1176 feeder pigs (20-30 kg; 13.9%) as well as on 79 out of 196 pig farms (40.3%). The comparison of PCR results with microscopic investigation of acridine-orange-stained blood smears revealed a considerably lower sensitivity of the microscopic method: only 35 out of 1176 blood smears were microscopically positive. The microscopic detection of M. suis was shown to be closely linked to the bacterial load in the blood. M. suis infection is associated with significantly decreased hematocrit, erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin concentrations as well as significantly higher bilirubin concentrations. Furthermore, M. suis blood loads were significantly associated with erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose and iron concentrations indicating that high M. suis loads are connected with clinical anemia. In conclusion, this study has shown, that M. suis infections are often under-diagnosed in pig husbandry and can therefore lead to considerable economic profit losses in pig husbandry. Furthermore, our study has shown that the LightCycler PCR could be an appropriate tool for a sufficiently coherent identification of M. suis in latent carrier animals in view of introducing effective treatment and disease control measures. 相似文献
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Haemotrophic mycoplasmas: recent advances in Mycoplasma suis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hoelzle LE 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,130(3-4):215-226
Haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are uncultivable, small epicellular, cell wall less, tetracycline-sensitive bacteria that attach to the surface of host erythrocytes. Today, haemotrophic mycoplasmas are found in a large number of animals, with Mycoplasma suis being the porcine pathogen. Haemoplasmas can cause infections which are clinically marked, either by an overt life-threatening haemolytic anaemia or a mild chronic anaemia, by illthrift, infertility, and immune suppression. The life cycle of haemoplasmas on the surface of nucleus-less red blood cells is unique for mycoplasma and therefore, it is evident that these haemotrophic pathogens must have features that allow them to colonise and replicate on red blood cells. However, the mechanisms of adhesion and replication of M. suis on erythrocytes, for instance, as well as the significance of metabolic interchanges between the agent and the target cells, are completely unknown to date. Far from having gained clear insight into the clinical significance of the haemoplasmas, our knowledge about the physiology, genetics, and host-pathogen interaction of this novel group of bacteria within the Mollicutes order is rather limited. This can be explained primarily by the unculturability of these bacteria. The enormous advances in molecular biology witnessed in recent years have had a major impact on several areas of biological sciences, i.e. the fields of modern medical bacteriology and infectious diseases. This review describes progress made in research of the pathobiology of M. suis these past few years. 相似文献
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Erythrocyte membrane alterations associated with the attachment and replication of Eperythrozoon suis: a light and electron microscopic study 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Erythrocytes from pigs with experimental porcine eperythrozoonosis were examined using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Three distinct forms of Eperythrozoon suis were attached to the plasma surface of erythrocyte membrane. Erythrocytes were initially parasitized by one or several immature forms. Immature forms enlarged and developed into juvenile and mature forms. The parasite replicated by budding of small immature forms from larger immature forms, juvenile forms, and mature forms. Small immature forms attached to adjacent membrane of the same erythrocyte or a nonparasitized erythrocyte. E. suis organisms were intimately associated with, but distinctly separated from erythrocyte membrane by a 30-nm electron lucent zone. Cell membrane in this area was denser than adjacent nonparasitized membrane. Early interaction between erythrocyte membrane and small immature forms resulted in no membrane deformation, but as this form enlarged, it later became embedded in a deep cup-like membrane invagination. As the immature form developed into the juvenile form a shallow, broad-based depression was observed in the membrane. A similar depression that covered a greater surface area was observed in the membrane parasitized by the mature form. The interaction between the parasitic forms and erythrocyte membrane resulted ultimately in severe membrane deformation. Parasite-membrane interactions may play an important role in the development of misdirected immune responses in experimental porcine eperythrozoonosis. 相似文献
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Streptococcus suis infections in humans: the Chinese experience and the situation in North America 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Gottschalk M Segura M Xu J 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2007,8(1):29-45
Infections caused by Streptococcus suis are considered a global problem in the swine industry. In this animal species, S. suis is associated with septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and, occasionally, other infections. Moreover, it is an agent of zoonosis that afflicts people in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. Although sporadic cases of S. suis infection in humans have been reported, a large outbreak due to S. suis serotype 2 emerged in the summer of 2005 in Sichuan, China. A similar outbreak was observed in another Chinese province in 1998. Symptoms reported in these two outbreaks include high fever, malaise, nausea and vomiting, followed by nervous symptoms, subcutaneous hemorrhage, septic shock and coma in severe cases. The increased severity of S. suis infections in humans, such as a shorter incubation time, more rapid disease progression and higher rate of mortality, underscores the critical need to better understand the factors associated with pathogenesis of S. suis infection. From the 35 capsular serotypes currently known, serotype 2 is considered the most virulent and frequently isolated in both swine and humans. Here, we review the epidemiological, clinical and immunopathological features of S. suis infection in humans. 相似文献
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Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was tested in weaned pigs experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon (E.) suis. Acute eperythrozoonosis of splenectomized pigs led to an increase of osmotic fragility. It is supposed that E. suis infection causes a structural change in erythrocyte membrane. Possible mechanisms of this cell membrane injury are discussed. 相似文献
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Respiratory chlamydial infection based on experimental aerosol challenge of pigs with Chlamydia suis
Sachse K Grossmann E Berndt A Schütt C Henning K Theegarten D Anhenn O Reinhold P 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2004,27(1):7-23
An experimental study of aerogeneous challenge in pigs was conducted in order to reveal characteristic features of porcine respiratory chlamydiosis. Eight conventionally raised pigs were exposed to a pathogenic strain of Chlamydia (C.) suis, four controls were mock infected. Besides pathological changes, the acute-phase and humoral immune responses, as well as the dissemination and transmission of the challenge strain was monitored in the course of infection. The data from clinical investigations, LPS-binding protein assay, antibody ELISAs, confocal laser scanning and light microscopy, immunohistochemical staining and PCR provided extensive evidence of the pathogenic potential of C. suis for the porcine respiratory system. This model appears suitable for further pathophysiological and immunological investigations of chlamydial respiratory infections and can also be recommended for studies of Chlamydia-associated infections of the human lung. 相似文献
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In vitro and in vivo glucose consumption in swine eperythrozoonosis 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
J E Smith J E Cipriano S M Hall 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(8):587-592
One complication of swine eperythrozoonosis is the hypoglycemia that occurs during parasitemia. To determine the cause of the hypoglycemia, we studied glucose consumption in splenectomized pigs infected with Eperythrozoon suis. With the rapid rise of erythroparasites, the in vitro glucose consumption of parasited whole blood increased dramatically, and hypoglycemia developed. Because mature porcine erythrocytes are impermeable to glucose, the increased glucose consumption is most logically the result of E. suis metabolism. Iodoacetamide and sodium fluoride (which inhibit glycolysis), but not sodium cyanide (which prevents cellular respiration), and tetracycline (which is used to treat eperythrozoonosis) inhibited glucose consumption. In vivo glucose turnover studies before infection and during peak parasitemia indicated an increased glucose production by infected pigs during parasitemia. The results suggest that hypoglycemia occurs during swine eperythrozoonosis because the parasite uses glucose faster than the gluconeogenic pathways can provide it. 相似文献
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Adherence of Streptococcus suis to porcine endothelial cells 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Benga L Friedl P Valentin-Weigand P 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2005,52(9):392-395
Streptococcus suis can cause invasive diseases in pigs and humans, such as meningitis or arthritis. Adherence to and invasion of endothelial cells might represent important steps in survival and spread of S. suis within the host. We tested in vitro adherence and invasion of S. suis strains using a porcine brain microvascular and aortal endothelial cell line. Four S. suis strains were tested with and without prior treatment with porcine serum containing anti-S. suis antibodies. Strains included a capsular serotype 2 strain and its non-encapsulated isogenic mutant strain, as well as two non-typeable (NT) strains, which expressed no capsule under our experimental conditions. Strains adhered to both cell lines to different extents depending on encapsulation and pre-treatment with porcine immune serum. The serotype 2 strain showed almost no adherence, whereas the non-encapsulated mutant strain adhered strongly. Similarly, both NT strains adhered substantially better than the serotype 2 strain. Pre-treatment of bacteria with porcine serum increased adherence of the encapsulated serotype 2 strain and decreased adherence of the non-encapsulated strains. None of the strains was able to efficiently invade either of the two cell lines, except for one NT strain, which showed a very low extend of invasion. Our results suggest that S. suis can adhere to but not invade porcine endothelial cells, and that this interaction may involve different bacterial surface structures, such as capsular polysaccharides and/or binding sites for serum components. 相似文献
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猪链球菌是猪的一种重要病原菌,并且也会引起人的链球菌病。有35个荚膜血清型(1/21、~34),通常自发病或死亡猪体分离获得1,2,7,9型和14型菌株,其中2型是毒力最强的血清型。根据已知猪链球菌16 SrRNA及溶血素(sly)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、荚膜多糖(cps)、胞壁蛋白或溶菌酶释放相关蛋白(mrp)、胞外因子(epf)编码基因序列设计特异性引物,建立猪链球菌群和1(14),2(1/2),7型和9型特异性PCR或多重PCR,建立2型致病性菌株和1型高致病性菌株毒力鉴定PCR或多重PCR,用于检测和鉴别临床病料和细菌分离物中的猪链球菌,具有高敏感性和高特异性,与其他致病菌及其他血清的猪链球菌型无交叉反应,为疫病诊断及流行病学的研究提供了快速、简便和有用的工具。 相似文献
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猪链球菌2型的PCR快速检测 总被引：33，自引：4，他引：33
根据猪链球菌 2型的荚膜多糖抗原基因 cps2 J,合成 1对可扩增长度为 6 75 bp目的片段的引物 ,建立了检测猪链球菌 2型的 PCR法。应用 PCR对 9株经玻片凝集试验检测为猪链球菌 2型的菌株进行了检测 ,均呈阳性 ;而对马链球菌兽疫亚种 (C群 )、猪葡萄球菌、猪丹毒杆菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌、猪肺炎霉形体等检测结果均呈阴性 ,表明了本方法的特异性。用此法对 88份正常猪的扁桃体样品的细菌分离物进行了检测 ,36份呈阳性 ,同时用玻片凝集试验进行对照检测 ,也全部呈阳性。而此法不需进行细菌的纯分离培养 ,即可用于猪链球菌 2型的快速诊断以及流行病学调查。 相似文献
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Studies of Streptococcus suis type 2 infection in pigs 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
F A Clifton-Hadley 《Veterinary research communications》1984,8(3):217-227
Investigations into the immunology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of Streptococcus suis type 2 infections were carried out in experimental pigs and in naturally-occurring field outbreaks of disease. The capsular polysaccharide from Str. suis type 2 was shown to induce opsonic antibodies in pigs when injected with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, but difficulties encountered in experimental production of the disease prevented a study of their protective effects. Problems with the bactericidal tests led to an investigation of other assays for antibodies against Str. suis type 2, namely, a phagocytic test with pig neutrophils, a mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination test and an indirect haemagglutination test. There was evidence that with modifications both the latter tests would be useful. Transmission studies in 39 conventionally-reared and 7 hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs yielded interesting results with regard to the distribution of the organism in relation to the disease process. Tonsil carriage in clinically-healthy pigs was demonstrated after experimental and natural infection. Detectable carrier rates varied between 0 and 59%. The organism was shown to persist in the presence of circulating opsonic antibodies and in pigs on penicillin-medicated feed. Attempts to isolate the organism from the genital tract were unsuccessful. Medicated early weaning and classical SPF techniques applied to infected herds appeared to be effective in producing pigs free from Str. suis type 2 infection. 相似文献
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王光强 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):62-63
猪肺疫又被称为猪巴氏杆菌病,是由致病性巴氏杆菌感染引发的一种急性呼吸道疾病,具有很高发病率和致死率。该种传染性疾病可以危害不同年龄、不同性别、不同品种的猪,一年四季均可发生,但以每年早春和晚秋季节发病率最高。猪附红细胞体病又被称为附红体、血虫病或红皮病,是由血液原虫所引发的一种以贫血、黄疸、发热为主要症状的体内寄生虫病。猪肺疫和猪附红细胞体病混合感染给疾病诊断工作带来很大难度。该文主要结合一个养殖场的实际发病经过,分析猪肺疫与猪附红细胞体病继发感染的治疗过程。 相似文献
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Beineke A Bennecke K Neis C Schröder C Waldmann KH Baumgärtner W Valentin-Weigand P Baums CG 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,128(3-4):423-430
Streptococcus (S.) suis is an invasive porcine pathogen causing meningitis, septicemia, arthritis and other diseases. Studies on pathogenesis as well as vaccine trials have focused on serotype 2 strains, which are worldwide the most prevalent among invasive isolates. However, in Europe serotype 9 strains also contribute substantially to S. suis-associated invasive diseases of piglets. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of an MRP* SLY+ serotype 9 S. suis strain in comparison to an MRP+ EF+ SLY+ serotype 2 strain. Experimental intranasal and intravenous infections of 7-8 weeks old SPF piglets were investigated with regard to clinic and pathology. In contrast to the virulent serotype 2 strain, the serotype 9 strain did not cause disease with clinical manifestations after intranasal administration. However, histological screenings of these animals revealed pathological lesions, such as mild focal suppurative meningitis. Clinical manifestations related to meningitis, arthritis and serositis could be induced by intravenous application of this serotype 9 strain. Bacteriological culture and immunohistochemistry of the brain confirmed association with the S. suis challenge strains in all cases with clinical manifestations. Interestingly, expression of MRP within meningitis lesions was demonstrated for both pathotypes via immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MRP* SLY+ serotype 9 strains are less virulent for growers than MRP+ EF+ SLY+ serotype 2 strains. Thus, intravenous application of this serotype 9 strain is required to evaluate heterologous protection in the course of vaccine development based on serotype 2 strains in the future. 相似文献