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用氯磺酸-吡啶试剂制备了硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物，采用红外光谱仪检测到制备的硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物中在1230cm^-1和810cm^-1有硫酸酯键的特征吸收峰。为了初步探讨硫酸化人参总皂苷的免疫学活性．以MTT法测定了人参总皂苷及其衍生物对鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果表明，150μg／m1人参总皂苷和衍生物均能显著抑制鸡外周血淋巴细胞的增殖（P〈0．05），10μg／ml的衍生物能极显著促进淋巴细胞增殖，与同浓度人参总皂苷相比活性极显著增强（P〈0．01）。实验结果提示，对人参总皂苷进行硫酸化修饰是可行的，经硫酸化后人参总皂苷衍生物的免疫活性明显增强。 相似文献
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硫酸化人参总皂苷体外对免疫活性细胞功能的调节 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用MTT法及形态学观察法研究4种硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物对体外ConA促淋巴细胞增殖、转化的影响,并采用乳酸脱氢酶释放法探讨了其对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响.结果表明,人参总皂苷对淋巴细胞增殖影响不明显,较高质量浓度(>150 mg/L)能抑制淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.01);硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物2、3在一定质量浓度下都能明显或极明显增加淋巴细胞(鸡的外周血淋巴细胞,小鼠脾淋巴细胞)增殖活性(P<0.05,P<0.01),且所试质量浓度硫酸化人参总皂苷衍生物的D值显著或极显著高于同质量浓度人参总皂苷(P<0.05.P<0.01);人参总皂苷、衍生物2、3都能提高小鼠NK细胞的活性(P<0.01),且衍生物2、3的作用比人参总皂苷更强(P<0.05,P<0.01).结果提示,人参总皂苷经硫酸化修饰后,在体外能明显增强免疫活性细胞功能. 相似文献
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为了评价硫酸化人参皂苷Rh2化学修饰前后免疫活性变化，采用MTT法及流式细胞术研究体外对ConA促鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响，采用乳酸脱氢酶释放法研究体外对鸡外周血NK细胞杀伤活性的影响。结果表明：Rh2、Rh2溶剂及硫酸化Rh2低浓度时都能促进淋巴细胞增殖，高浓度时能抑制淋巴细胞增殖，Rh2溶剂及硫酸化Rh2都显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）高于同浓度的Rh2。Rh2及Rh2溶剂都能显著促进鸡外周血NK细胞杀伤活性，但Rh2极显著（P〈0．01）低于同浓度Rh2溶剂，而硫酸化Rh2表现一定促进作用。结果提示：Rb2体外能抑制免疫活性，化学修饰后的硫酸化Rh，体外能促进免疫活性。 相似文献
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研究注射不同水平黄芪多糖（APS）对蛋鸡免疫功能及脾脏IFN-γ基因表达的影响。试验组（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,分别为低、中、高剂量组）与对照组（Ⅰ组）比较,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中IgG、IgA、IgM含量分别提高54.0%（P〈0.05）、72.7%（P〈0.01）,5.56%（P〉0.05）、1.36%（P〉0.05）,24.96%（P〉0.05）、77.13%（P〈0.05）;Ⅲ组血清C3含量和Ⅱ组血清C4含量提高显著;Ⅳ组对各免疫指标无显著影响（P〉0.05）。免疫后21d,Ⅲ组对应的鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖能力和禽流感抗体效价均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。Ⅲ组中脾脏INF-γmRNA的表达量显著高于其他组（P〉0.05）。结果表明,黄芪多糖对蛋鸡有显著的免疫增强作用。注射不同计量的黄芪多糖剂能不同程度影响蛋鸡血清中相关的免疫指标、外周淋巴细胞的增殖、禽流感HI抗体效价及脾脏IFN-γ基因mRNA的水平。其中,以0.6mL/羽剂量效果为最佳。 相似文献
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在成功筛选出防治鸭传染性浆膜炎效果较好的中药组方P基础上,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测21日龄雏鸭外周血淋巴细胞（PBMC）IFN-γ和IL-6 mRNA的表达水平,研究该组方对鸭只免疫器官的影响。结果表明,P1组（预防组）鸭脾脏指数和胸腺指数显著或极显著高于y组（阳性对照组）与K组（健康对照组）（P〈0.05;P〈0.01）,P2组（治疗组）鸭脾脏指数和胸腺指数极显著高于K组（P〈0.01）;P1组极显著提高鸭外周血淋巴细胞IFN-γ mRNA的表达量（P〈0.01）;P2组显著提高IFN-γ mRNA的表达量（P〈0.05）;P1组、P2组IL-6 mRNA的表达量有升高的趋势（P〈0.1）。说明组方P能促进机体免疫器官的发育和分泌IFN-γ及IL-6,提高机体抗病力和免疫调节能力。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(6)
本试验以绵羊外周血淋巴细胞为研究对象,研究沙葱黄酮对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞增殖率,IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ基因mRNA表达量的影响,为全面揭示沙葱黄酮的免疫调节活性机制和相关产品的开发提供试验依据。试验采用MTT法研究沙葱黄酮对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞增殖率的影响,使用RT-PCR法研究沙葱黄酮对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ基因mRNA表达量的影响。结果显示,沙葱黄酮具有促进绵羊外周血淋巴细胞增殖的作用,对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞IL-2mRNA表达无明显调节作用,可上调IFN-γmRNA表达,下调IL-4mRNA表达。综上,沙葱黄酮具有促进绵羊外周血淋巴细胞增殖及免疫调节活性的作用。 相似文献
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为了进一步评价硫酸化修饰后人参皂苷Rh2的免疫活性变化,试验分别采用MTT法和ELISA法对比研究了浓度为0.2 mg/L、1 mg/L、5 mg/L的人参皂苷Rh2及其硫酸化衍生物(S-Rh2-1和S-Rh2-2)对ConA刺激小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖和分泌IL-4、IFN-γ的影响。结果表明:S-Rh2-1为0.2 mg/L、5 mg/L,S-Rh2-2为1 mg/L,Rh2为5 mg/L时能显著或极显著抑制由ConA引起的脾淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01);S-Rh2-2为1 mg/L、5 mg/L,Rh2为0.2 mg/L、5 mg/L时能显著或极显著抑制由ConA引起的脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-4的量(P<0.05或P<0.01);S-Rh2-1、Rh2的3个试验浓度以及S-Rh2-2为0.2 mg/L、1 mg/L时都能极显著抑制由ConA引起的脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ的量(P<0.01)。说明Rh2进行硫酸化修饰后其免疫活性在一定程度上得到了增强。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(1)
为了明确禽呼肠孤病毒(avian reovirus,ARV)感染对宿主天然免疫应答的影响,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测ARV感染SPF鸡后外周血淋巴细胞中天然免疫相关基因,包括Toll样受体(TLRs)、MDA5、IPS-1、IRF-3、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、IFITM3、Mx1和OASL等基因在感染后0、12h以及1、2、3、5和7d的转录水平变化。结果表明,ARV感染SPF鸡后7d以内,外周血淋巴细胞中TLR3和TLR21的mRNA转录水平显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);而TLR7和MDA5的mRNA转录水平则在整个试验过程中显著升高,分别在7dpi和1dpi达到峰值(P0.05或P0.01)。IPS-1的mRNA转录被抑制;IRF-3则呈显著转录上调趋势;IFN-α、IFN-β和IFN-γ均表达上调,分别在2~3dpi达到峰值(P0.05或P0.01)。IFITM3、Mx1、OASL的mRNA转录水平也显著升高,均在3dpi达到峰值(P0.01)。试验结果表明ARV在感染早期能够显著性引起TLR7、MDA5、IRF3、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、IFITM3、Mx1和OASL的转录上调,抑制TLR3、TLR21和IPS-1的转录,为进一步阐释ARV的分子致病机制和免疫应答机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为研究超抗原(SAg)在禽类诱导的免疫机理和进一步揭示MDV(马立克氏病病毒)感染的免疫学规律,采用NO-释放法,设计用雏鸡骨髓巨噬细胞为靶细胞检测1日龄雏鸡接种超抗原SEB和MDV后脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ体外诱生的动态变化.结果发现,超抗原SEB(SAG-SEB)可提高脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ体外诱生水平,其中,高剂量(1 ng/只)引起短时加强后下降,而低剂量(0.01 ng)则出现缓升缓降现象;而MDV接种则抑制脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ体外诱生; SAg-SEB能增强雏鸡细胞免疫,主要表现于接种初期(1-10 d PI),而MDV却在接种后1-25 d间降低细胞免疫;说明超抗原SEB和MDV虽然均可引起鸡T细胞增殖,但对鸡免疫细胞IFN-γ的体外诱生作用不同. 相似文献
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分别应用复合黏膜免疫佐剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ与新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗混合（佐剂Ⅰ组和佐剂Ⅱ组）,经口免疫鸡后,研究鸡小肠黏膜局部CD3^＋T细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞和干扰素-γ（Interferon-γ,IFN-γ）mRNA表达水平的变化。结果表明,在整个免疫期内CD3^＋T细胞和上皮内淋巴细胞数量都呈上升趋势,在首免后第3和第5周时十二指肠CD3^＋T细胞佐剂Ⅱ组比佐剂Ⅰ组显著增加（P〈0.05）,空肠CD3^＋T细胞佐剂Ⅱ组比佐剂Ⅰ组极显著增加（P〈0.01）,第7周时Peyer’s斑上皮内淋巴细胞佐剂Ⅱ组比佐剂Ⅰ组极显著增加（P〈0.01）;整个免疫期内佐剂Ⅱ组和佐剂Ⅰ组IFN-γmRNA表达水平呈下降趋势,表达量较低。本研究表明2种复合黏膜免疫佐剂都能明显增加黏膜局部免疫细胞的数量,提高小肠局部黏膜免疫力。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献