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为了确定在饮食中添加5种B族维生素(核黄素、烟酸、泛酸、钴胺素和叶酸)对快速和中等瘦肉生长型猪9～28 kg体重时生长状况的影响,我们分别取这两个不同品系中同窝出生的5头仔猪共10组来进行研究。所有的猪(个体限位)都被隔离饲养,并且早期断奶这样就使每个品系猪的瘦肉生长潜能能够充分地发挥出来。基础日粮中添加的这五种待测维生素的浓度分别相当于(NRC,1998)中规定的5～10 kg体重猪规定需求量的全部或其生物学效价的70%。在达到9±0.9 kg体重时,同窝的5头猪分别被饲喂了添加5种维生素,并且其生物学效价分别达到0%、100%、200%、300%或400%NRC中规定需求量的基础日粮。结果显示高瘦肉型猪品系饲料消耗少、增重快、较中等瘦肉型猪效率高,在两个瘦肉型品系中,随着日粮中维生素B添加量增多其生长速度和效率也都会提高(P<0.01)。然而,日粮中维生素B的添加量需要优化,料重比在高瘦肉型品系中(>470%NRC,1998)较中等瘦肉型品系(270%)高(P<0.03)。数据表明:日粮中需要添加1倍或更多的NRC规定的这五种维生素的饲喂量,特别对于瘦肉组织生长快的品系更需如此。这些维生素需求的增多与过多的日粮能量摄入和体能增长速率无关,其可能是由于其主要的代谢途径改变所造成的。 相似文献
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B族维生素是断奶仔猪饲料的常规添加剂 ,其建议添加量因所用的饲料原料不同而有所不同。研究结果表明 ,NRC(1 998)所规定的 B族维生素的需求标准可能太低。有一项研究结果表明 :不喂或喂 0 .5倍于 NRC(1 998)需求标准的脂溶性维生素和 B族维生素 ,会引起猪生长速度减慢、采食量降低 ;而喂 5倍于 NRC(1 998)需求标准的量 ,猪才能获得最高平均日增重和平均日采食量。另一项研究认为 ,对于健康状况良好的断奶仔猪 ,喂 4倍于 NRC(1 998)需求标准的量 ,才能获得最大的瘦肉生长速度。由于这方面研究较少 ,对于 VB1和 VB6的需求量还有待研… 相似文献
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鲁农Ⅱ号配套系断奶仔猪可消化苏氨酸需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选择（38±2）日龄鲁农Ⅱ号配套系断奶仔猪96头,公母各半,平均体重（9.21±1.15）kg。试验饲粮参照NRC（1998）标准,根据饲粮可消化苏氨酸（D-Thr）水平,将试验猪分为4个处理,即0.53%、0.56%、0.59%、0.62%D-Thr组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验结果显示,随着饲粮中D-Thr水平的不断升高,试验猪日增重、日均采食量呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在0.59%水平达到最大（分别为P〈0.05、P〉0.05）;且0.59%水平下料重比达到最低（P〈0.05）,血浆尿素氮含量达到最低（P〈0.05）,血浆总蛋白含量达到最高（P〉0.05）。综合试验结果说明,鲁农Ⅱ号配套系断奶仔猪的D-Thr需要量为0.59%。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨低蛋白日粮对生长猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。试验选取初始体重为16kg左右的三元（杜×长×大）健康生长猪66头,采用单因子试验设计,分为对照组和试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复11头;对照组日粮按照NRC（1998）推荐营养需要量配制,试验组在NRC推荐日粮粗蛋白水平上降低3.8个百分点,试验期30d。结果表明,试验组日增重比对照组增加了23．4g,提高幅度为4．6％（P〈0．05）;料肉比降低了0．22,降低幅度为10．8％（P〈0．05）;试验组腹泻率与对照组相比,有下降趋势,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。说明使用低蛋白日粮能提高生长猪的生长性能和饲料转化率,并在一定程度上能减少仔猪腹泻。 相似文献
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三种营养需要模式对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和瘦肉生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
试验选用体重约20.4kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]猪96头 ,分为3个处理 ,每个处理4个重复 ,分别饲喂3种营养需要模式的饲粮 ,生长期猪体重为20～50kg,肥育期为50～92kg,研究3种营养需要模式对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和胴体瘦肉生长的影响。结果表明 ,采用建议的营养需要模式配制的饲粮饲养生长肥育猪 ,获得的生产性能、胴体品质、胴体瘦肉增重和无脂瘦肉增重以及胴体瘦肉成分与采用NRC(1998)营养需要模式配制的饲粮相近 ,而且20～90kg 期间无脂瘦肉增重已达到NRC(1998)认为的具有中-高瘦肉生长速度。采用中国(1987)营养需要模式配制的饲粮饲养生长肥育猪 ,其生产性能、胴体瘦肉增重和无脂瘦肉增重都极显著低于上述两种营养需要模式的饲粮 ,综合胴体品质也较差。从本试验结果看来 ,建议的营养需要模式可满足杜×(大×长)生长肥育猪的需要 相似文献
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低蛋白日粮添加氨基酸对生长肥育猪生长性能和氮排泄的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用90头体重31kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,根据体重和性别分成3组,饲喂3种蛋白质水平日粮。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日粮蛋白水平,生长猪阶段分别为17%、14%和15%;肥育猪阶段分别为15%、13%和14%。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日粮按照猪理想氨基酸模式配制。结果表明,猪各个阶段的日增重与料重比差异都不显著（P〉0.05）;生长肥育猪试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组猪血清尿素氮都显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;生长猪阶段猪舍内氨气质量浓度,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组都显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;肥育猪阶段猪舍内氨气质量浓度,试验Ⅰ组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;各组各阶段猪舍内硫化氢质量浓度无显著差异（P〉0.05）;生长猪阶段,与对照组相比,氮排泄量试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别显著降低15.7%（P〈0.05）和11.4%（P〈0.05）;肥育猪阶段,与对照组相比,氮排泄量,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别降低15.2%（P〈0.05）和8.9%（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献