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为了研究蛇源裂头蚴种系发育关系,本研究对大王蛇裂头蚴湖南株的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)进行扩增与测序,并对其基因序列进行比对后绘制种系进化树,分析蛇源裂头蚴与其它带科绦虫的种群遗传关系。结果显示,12个蛇源裂头蚴分离株ITS基因序列长度差异较小,为1 386 bp~1 404 bp;各分离株之间ITS-1和ITS-2差异分别为0.2%~1.3%和0.4%~2.2%,与Gen Bank中登录的其它带科绦虫相比,同源性均分别低于66.3%和52.1%。表明蛇源裂头蚴ITS基因序列在种内相对保守,种间差异较大,可以作为蛇源裂头蚴的分子遗传标记。分离株系统进化树显示,所有分离株与欧猬迭宫绦虫位于同一大分支,与其他带科绦虫得到了很好的鉴别。本研究为蛇源裂头蚴的鉴别诊断、分子流行病学调查等方面的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2015,(9)
为分析黑斑蛙裂头蚴种系发育关系,本研究利用PCR对黑斑蛙裂头蚴湖南省分离株线粒体DNA烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位5基因(nad5)部分序列进行扩增和测序,分析其遗传变异情况。并利用软件Clustal X 2.0对其序列进行分析,研究黑斑蛙裂头蚴与其它绦虫的种群遗传关系。测序结果显示,所扩增的nad5部分序列长度一致,均为510 bp,湖南省各分离株之间相应序列的相似性在97%以上,湖南分离株与基因库中其它裂头蚴nad5序列的相似度均低于89%。由于黑斑蛙裂头蚴nad5序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,因此可以作为黑斑蛙裂头蚴种间遗传变异研究的分子标记,从而为黑斑蛙裂头蚴的分子流行病学和进一步的分类鉴定奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(6)
为分析野生蛇源裂头蚴与其它绦虫的种群遗传关系,本研究采集湖南省8个地区野生蛇肌肉中的裂头蚴,采用PCR方法对其线粒体cox3基因序列进行扩增、测序及分析。结果显示,湖南省8个裂头蚴分离株cox3基因核苷酸部分序列长度均为342 bp,其cox3基因核苷酸同源性为98.2%～100.0%,种内遗传差异性为0～1.8%,与其它科绦虫cox3基因核苷酸同源性为63.4%～73.9%,种间遗传差异较大,为26.1%～36.6%。cox3基因的系统进化分析结果显示,湖南省8个裂头蚴分离株与已知猬迭宫绦虫位于同一分支,与其它绦虫所属分支相隔较远。上述结果表明,蛇源裂头蚴线粒体cox3基因序列种内差异远低于种间差异,可以作为研究蛇源裂头蚴种系遗传变异的分子标记。本研究为蛇源裂头蚴的分子流行病学及其群体遗传研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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山羊脑多头蚴线粒体nad1基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究旨在阐明脑多头蚴湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)的遗传变异情况,并用pnad1序列重构脑多头蚴与其他带科绦虫的种群遗传关系。利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增脑多头蚴的pnad1,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mage4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAStar 5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析。结果显示,所获得的pnad1序列长度分别均为430 bp,湖南分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分枝。由于脑多头蚴pnad1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为脑多头蚴的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础。 相似文献
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本研究旨在阐明脑多头蚴湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸( NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位4基因(nad4)部分序列(pnad4)的遗传变异情况,并用pnad1和pnad4序列重构脑多头蚴与其它带科绦虫的种群遗传关系.利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增脑多头蚴的pnad1和pnad4,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mage4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAstar5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析.结果显示所获得的pnad1和pnad4序列长度分别均为666和887 bp,湖南分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分枝.由于脑多头蚴pnad1和pnad4序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为脑多头蚴的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础. 相似文献
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《经济动物学报》2021,25(2):86-90
为阐明鱼头槽绦虫线粒体中的细胞色素c氧化酶第一亚基部分序列(pcox1)的遗传多态性,研究鱼头槽绦虫种系发育关系,以湖南省部分地区鱼头槽绦虫为研究对象,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对其线粒体pcox1基因进行扩增并测序。序列分析比对后,结合Gen Bank收录的头槽绦虫以及其他科绦虫的序列,共同构建系统进化树,以此分析鱼头槽绦虫种内与种间的遗传关系。结果表明:湖南各分离株的pcox1长度为389～412 bp,各分离株间的同源性为93%～100%,与Gen Bank中收录的鱼头槽绦虫的同源性为99.2%～100%,序列均位于进化树同一分支上;本次收集的21株分离株与其他种绦虫序列的同源性为70.3%～80.0%,且进化树分支相距较远。结果说明鱼头槽绦虫的pcox1在不同地区种内均相对保守,种间差异较大,可以作为种间遗传变异研究的分子标记。 相似文献
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《经济动物学报》2016,(2)
为阐明多头带绦虫湖南分离株核糖体小亚基(18S rRNA)基因序列的遗传变异情况,并用18S序列构建多头带绦虫与其他带科绦虫的种群遗传关系。利用PCR技术扩增多头带绦虫的18S基因,应用Clustal X1.81程序对序列进行比对,再利用Mega4.0程序进行NJ法绘制种系发育树。结果显示:所获得的18S基因序列长度一致,均为1 080 bp,基因序列存在一定的遗传差异。种系发育分析结果显示,所有的多头带绦虫分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分支。多头带绦虫18S基因序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,可以作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为多头带绦虫的群体遗传研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献