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根据GenBank中已发布的产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε、τ毒素基因序列,分别设计并合成针对4种毒素基因的特异引物,通过优化多重PCR反应条件,建立1种简单的产气荚膜梭菌定型菌落多重PCR方法。结果显示：A、B、C、D、E5型产气荚膜梭菌参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期目的条带,而大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和芽孢杆菌则均未能扩增出相应条带;将单个菌落稀释100倍,仍能扩增出相应的目的片段,该方法对B型和E型参考菌株最低检测量分别为2．6×10^4cfu／mL、1．2×10^4cfu／mL。应用该多重PCR方法从106份样品中检测到30株产气荚膜梭菌且均为A型,其中病死鸡的盲肠内容物分离率为36．5％（19／52）,健康鸡群新鲜粪便样品分离率为20．4％（11／54）。本研究建立的多重PCR方法特异性强,敏感度高,重复性好,可以有效进行产气荚膜梭菌的快速检测及5种血清型的鉴别,对产气荚膜梭菌的感染及食品安全问题的研究均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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产气荚膜梭菌是牛羊猝死和肠出血症的重要病原之一。本研究根据其常见的A、B、C、D四种菌型菌株编码α、β和ε毒素的保守序列,分别设计合成了针对这3种毒素的特异性引物,建立了多重PCR检测不同血清型产气荚膜梭菌的技术方法。通过对参考菌株的分型检测表明,该方法不仅快速、客观,而且具有良好的特异性和敏感性。对羔羊猝死症中分出的菌株进行检测,确定其为产气荚膜梭菌A型和D型混合感染;对产后母牛血痢病料中分离的菌株进行检测确定其为产气荚膜梭菌A型。 相似文献
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试验旨在对宁夏一绵羊场疑似大肠杆菌与A型产气荚膜梭菌混合感染的死亡病例进行确诊并提出相应的防治方案。采用产气荚膜梭菌显色培养基及伊红美蓝固体培养基进行病原分离培养,对分离菌株进行16S rRNA基因序列PCR检测,依据16S rRNA序列构建分离株分子进化树;之后对大肠杆菌分离株毒素因子进行PCR检测,对产气荚膜梭菌分离株进行毒素分型鉴定。结果显示,分离株PCR检测获得了16S rRNA特异性条带;分子进化树结果显示,大肠杆菌分离菌株NXDC001与大肠杆菌在同一分支,产气荚膜梭菌分离菌株NXSJ001与产气荚膜梭菌在同一分支。大肠杆菌分离株检测出毒素因子HPI (irp2)及LEE (eae);产气荚膜梭菌分离株携带毒素因子cpa,证明分离株为A型产气荚膜梭菌。研究表明,试验成功分离鉴定大肠杆菌及A型产气荚膜梭菌各一株,证明病死羊为大肠杆菌及A型产气荚膜梭菌混合感染。 相似文献
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为利用TaqMan荧光定量PCR技术建立一种快速、敏感、特异的产气荚膜梭菌α毒素检测方法,根据产气荚膜梭菌各型之间共同的生物学特性,以编码产气荚膜梭菌α毒素的基因序列作为靶序列,设计1对引物和探针,分别以A、B、C、D 4个型的产气荚膜梭菌DNA为模板,通过优化引物、探针浓度和扩增条件,建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,同时对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行了验证。结果显示:当上下游引物浓度和探针浓度均为0.25μmol/L时,Ct值最低;该方法与大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌等细菌均无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性;灵敏度高,对A型产气荚膜梭菌基因组DNA的最低检测限为9.1 pg/μL;重复性好,组内及组间试验标准差均小于0.4;对2023年收集的24份样品进行检测,发现本方法的阳性检出率(20.83%)与商品试剂盒一致。综上,本研究建立了一种快速、灵敏、稳定、特异的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,可对产气荚膜梭菌α毒素进行快速检测,为防控产气荚膜梭菌病提供了有力的技术支撑。 相似文献
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建立了多重PCR检测产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε和ι毒素基因的方法。该方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,只有产气荚膜梭菌呈现阳性,被检验的其他梭菌以及大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌均为阴性;将肉汤菌液样品10倍系列稀释后进行检测,检测灵敏度达到1.2×104CFU/mL。收集40份牛粪便样品,进行PCR检测,32份样品中成功扩增出589 bp的α毒素基因片段,阳性率为80%。结果显示,建立的多重PCR检测方法可取代血清中和试验,用于产气荚膜梭菌分型,同时表明A型产气荚膜梭菌在当地奶牛场中较为普遍。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2018,(10)
从送检羊病料中分离到不同产毒能力的11株疑似产气荚膜梭菌菌株,对分离株进行了形态、菌落特性及产毒能力的观察、分析,并通过血清中和试验,胰酶消化试验进行了血清型鉴定;参照Gen Bank文库相关数据,自行设计了产气荚膜梭菌α,β,ε三种毒素的特异性引物,对其中两株产毒性能良好(1000 MLD/m L),溶血特性明显的菌株利用多重PCR进行分型鉴定,分离菌株海F、海H及标准株(721株)均扩增出大小为325 bp的α毒素条带及236 bp的β毒素条带,无ε毒素,结合实验室诊断及多重PCR鉴别诊断结果,确定此次疫情为C型产气荚膜梭菌引起的羊猝狙。本试验的研究为羊猝狙的快速诊断、流行病学调查提供了科学依据,为建立产气荚膜梭菌多重PCR鉴定诊断方法奠定了基础。 相似文献
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从新疆维吾尔自治区某牛场采集的3份疑似出血性肠炎病料中分离到8株产气荚膜梭菌,用PCR扩增保守基因16SrRNA,并进行序列测定和同源性分析,再通过多重PCR方法扩增型特异性基因进行分离菌株的分型鉴定。结果显示,所分离的8株产气荚膜梭菌之间16S rRNA基因同源型为100%,与GenBank参比序列同源性在99.8%以上,确定为产气荚膜梭菌。遗传进化分析表明,本次分离的8株产气荚膜梭菌之间拥有共同起源,但与所用的参考菌株分属不同来源。多重PCR扩增结果显示,8株菌株均为产气荚膜梭菌A型。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(5)
通过对死于出血性肠炎的圈养鹿的病原菌进行分离鉴定,为研制产气荚膜梭菌β-毒素单价和多价疫苗奠定基础。采集山西省内不同地区鹿场因出血性肠炎而死亡鹿的病料32例,经病原微生物分离培养、生化试验和血清型鉴定,分离得到C型产气荚膜梭菌,并测定分离菌所产毒素对小鼠的最小致死量。PCR扩增C型产气荚膜梭菌β-毒素基因,构建重组质粒p MD18-T-J28-C,进行酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列分析。结果 32株分离菌中有6株是C型产气荚膜梭菌,占18.7%;其余均为A型,占81.3%。筛选出毒力最强的菌株J28-C,最小致死量(MLD)为5.0×105CFU/m L。PCR扩增和核苷酸序列分析表明,经PCR得到了特异性的β毒素基因片段。表明造成山西省鹿出血性肠炎的病原菌为A型和C型产气荚膜梭菌,以A型为主。 相似文献
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犬产气荚膜梭菌的分离和PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从12头疑似产气荚膜梭菌感染的猝死警犬中分离获得了18株病原菌，经生化试验及毒素中和试验，确定为A型和C型产气荚膜梭菌。参考GenBank中登录的基因序列，设计合成了针对产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε、ι、CPE和β2共6对分型毒素基因的引物，对以前昆明地区分离的1株产气荚膜梭菌进行了PCR扩增，结果扩增出了与预期大小相同的6个基因片段，分别为233、196、324、446、567和665 bp。建立的PCR方法能同时用于产气荚膜梭菌鉴定和毒素分型，较细菌毒素检测方法快速，与细菌分离鉴定的结果一致。 相似文献
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多重聚合酶链反应检测环境中产气荚膜杆菌 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
产气荚膜杆菌根据产生4种主要毒素（α－β、ε、τ－毒素）可分为5种类型A－E型。在该研究中依据产气荚膜杆菌的5种毒素基因的序列，设计了5对PCR引物，建立了多重PCR方法，该方法可以快速区分5种类型的产气荚膜杆菌。并对68份环境样品（生活污水、生物肥料）进行检测和基因分型，共检出55株产气荚膜杆菌，其中A型产气荚膜杆菌50株，占总数的90％以上，B型、C型、D型只占5％，未检出E型产气荚膜杆菌，所有的分离株没有发现带有肠毒素。结果表明，目前环境中主要存在的菌型为A型菌，其他菌型的产气荚膜杆菌很少，而多数是非致病性产气荚膜杆菌。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献