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为探讨不同褪黑素水平对禽类机体免疫系统的调节作用，通过控制不同光照条件，分3组（短光照组、长光照组和对照组）饲养鸡45只、鸭45只、鹌鹑45只，采用荧光双色染色法和流式细胞仪分别检测鸡、鸭、鹌鹑外周血中CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞及其亚群和Bu-la^＋B淋巴细胞数量变化。结果，短光照组由于体内褪黑素水平较高，外周血中CD3^＋CD4^＋T细胞、CD3^＋CD8^＋T细胞、Bu-la^＋B细胞及白细胞总数都有不同程度升高，且与对照组相比差异显著；长光照组由于体内褪黑素分泌较少，外周血中CD3^＋CD4^＋T细胞、CD3^＋CD8^＋T细胞、Bu-la^＋B细胞及白细胞总数都有不同程度降低，且与对照组相比差异显著。结果表明，内源性褪黑素对鸡、鸭、鹌鹑外周血中淋巴细胞及其亚群的数量变化有显著影响。 相似文献
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为研究从碎米花杜鹃叶中分离得到的化合物原花青素A-1（Proanthocyanidin A-1，简称PAA-1）的免疫增强活性，初步从细胞水平上探讨其免疫增强机制。体外试验采用流式细胞术，检测PAA-1体外对小鼠脾淋巴细胞T细胞亚群CD4和CD8单阳性和双阳性T淋巴细胞亚群百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值；体内试验通过饲喂不同剂量的PAA-1后，检测试验猪外周血淋巴细胞CD4和CD8单阳性以及CD4+/CD8+比值。结果证明，体外试验中同阴性对照组相比，PAA-1能单独或协同Con A提升具CD4+、CD8+及CD4+CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞亚群百分率，提高CD4+/CD8+的比值；体内试验中饲喂中、高剂量的PAA-1的试验猪外周血中具有CD4+、CD8+表型的T淋巴细胞的百分率及CD4+/CD8+的比值均有显著提高。说明PAA-1可通过增加辅助性T淋巴细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞数量、促进T淋巴细胞的成熟以及增加CD4+/CD8+的比值发挥增强细胞免疫的作用，为其进一步开发为新型免疫增强剂提供试验依据。 相似文献
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对以猪流行性腹泻病毒吉毒株(PEDVJ)接种的10头仔猪外周血液中的ANAE~+T淋巴细胞及其亚群进行了动态观察。结果表明,PEDVJ毒可刺激仔猪ANAE~+T淋巴细胞明显增多,特别是ANAE~+粗颗粒型T淋巴细胞亚群显著增加,从而提示辅助性T淋巴细胞(TH)参与了B淋巴细胞的增殖和分化过程。 相似文献
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为探讨米糠多糖（RBS）对不同免疫状态雏鸡免疫功能的影响,本试验采用流式细胞技术检测了健康雏鸡、环磷酰胺（CTX）处理雏鸡和人工感染IBDV雏鸡等三种免疫状态雏鸡在服用米糠多糖（剂量150mg／kg·d））和不服用米糠多糖情况下,外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群数量的动态变化。结果显示,口服米糠多糖能够提高健康雏鸡外周血中CD4^＋T淋巴细胞比率,对CD81淋巴细胞作用不明显;米糠多糖对CTX和IBDV引起试验雏鸡外周血中CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群减少具有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
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通过人工接种，使牛患牛流行热，并以流式细胞术分析了患牛高热期外周血中CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ 、γδT淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的分布情况。结果表明，高热期患牛外周血中CD4^ 细胞数明显升高，说明细胞免疫在牛流行热中的重要性；其它淋巴细胞亚类百分率无显著变化，但CD3^ 、CD8^ 和B淋巴细胞也有一定程度的提高；在反刍动物中起重要作用的γδT淋巴细胞则表现为下降，其作用尚需进一步探讨。本研究首次证明，BEFV可显著刺激牛外周血淋巴细胞CD4^ 的急剧增殖，证明牛流行热病程中细胞免疫可能起着重要作用。 相似文献
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兽用中草药免疫增强剂对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用兽用中草药免疫增强剂联合猪瘟疫苗接种,对60头2月龄体重20kg仔猪进行免疫增强试验。结果表明,兽用中草药免疫增强剂显著提高了试验组猪血清中IgG和IgM的含量,同时T、B淋巴细胞增殖率也显著提高,T淋巴细胞亚群比例(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD3+/CD8+)也明显改善。另外,兽用中草药免疫增强剂对猪红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)含量和转氨酶没有显著影响,能显著提高抗氧化酶SOD活性和嗜中性粒细胞吞噬功能。试验用中草药免疫增强剂可显著增强猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
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宫内生长迟缓仔猪T细胞的发育研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究旨在探讨从出生到断奶不同日龄宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)猪T细胞的发育变化情况。选用体重相近和配种期相同的达兰初产妊娠母猪30头,分娩时从每窝仔猪中挑选1头正常体重猪和1头IUGR猪,分别在1、7、14、21、28日龄时屠宰取胸腺,分离T细胞,通过流式细胞仪测定CD3、CD4、CD8T细胞的数量,每个日龄6个重复。结果表明:出生后第1天IUGR仔猪与正常仔猪的CD4+CD8+细胞(双阳性T细胞)占总T细胞的百分比差异显著(P<0.05);出生后第7天IUGR仔猪与正常仔猪的CD4细胞占总T细胞的百分比差异极显著(P<0.01);后期各细胞亚群之间没有差异。结果提示,子宫内各种因素的综合影响能造成出生后早期IUGR仔猪T细胞亚群发育不完善,这就从T细胞亚群的发育方面解释了IUGR仔猪免疫力低的原因。 相似文献
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为探寻鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群的发育规律,本试验通过免疫组织化学方法,应用CD3、CD4和CD8单克隆抗体研究鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群出现、迁移、定位分布及数量变化过程.结果显示,CD3+、CD8+T淋巴细胞最初于18胚龄时出现,CD4+T淋巴细胞于出壳后1日龄时出现.在定位分布上,CD3+细胞在黏膜上皮内以及固有层中均匀分布,CD4+细胞以固有层中的分布为主,黏膜上皮内的分布较少.CD8+细胞最初主要分布在黏膜固有层中;随后,CD8+细胞逐渐向上皮内迁移;最终,黏膜上皮内出现广泛的CD8+细胞浸润.在数量变化上,CD3+、CD4+及CD8+整体呈逐渐增加趋势,第2周时阳性细胞数量稍有下降,21日龄时显著增加到达较高水平后保持稳定.结果表明,鸡出壳后,回肠的细胞免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄时到达成熟水平. 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2015,(4)
为了研究牛蒡苷元对猪外周血T细胞亚群和对不同疫苗免疫抗体的影响,将16只25~30日龄的健康仔猪,随机分成4组,将牛蒡苷元溶液分别以高、中、低3个剂量和生理盐水同时注射,给药前后不同时间点采血,流式细胞术检测猪外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果显示,中剂量的牛蒡苷元可显著促进猪外周血CD3~+、CD4~+细胞的增殖。另外25~30日龄断奶仔猪16头随机分为4组,将牛蒡苷元分别以高、中、低3个剂量和猪瘟疫苗同时注射,于免疫后7、14、21、28、35 d采血,ELISA方法检测猪瘟抗体水平。研究表明,与仅用疫苗免疫对比,牛蒡苷元疫苗联合使用,在免疫的初期和中期能够有效的快速提高猪体抗体水平,并且低、中剂量组比高剂量组更能够提高抗体水平,合适剂量的牛蒡苷元可以作为免疫增强剂单独或与疫苗联合使用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献