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水稻不同耕作栽培方式比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验结果表明,免耕直播稻比常耕抛秧稻分蘖早10~13 d,分蘖节位低1个节位,成穗率高6.82个百分点;单株总根数多88.9条、根总长多902.9 cm、根系体积多4.7 cm3、根系干重多0.91 g;后期绿叶数多0.7张,假茎粗0.08 cm;每公顷有效穗多24.15万穗,每穗总粒数多3.9粒,每穗实粒数多5.7粒,结实率高2.02个百分点。不同的耕作方式相比,直播稻比抛栽稻生育期缩短3~6 d;穗粒结构以稻草还田免耕直播稻最好,产量也最高,比非还田免耕直播稻增产4.78%,比免耕抛秧稻增产6.39%,比常耕直播稻增产11.79%,比常耕抛秧稻增产11.39%。不同留桩高度对免耕直播稻产量没有直接的影响,免耕直播稻纹枯病危害较轻,特别是稻草还田免耕直播稻纹枯病最轻。 相似文献
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水稻免耕抛秧的产量结构与配套技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对水稻免耕抛秧产量诸因素进行统计分析,结果表明:构成免耕抛秧产量的4个构成因素对产量均呈正向相关.4个产量因素是相互制约、相互统一的整体,其中有效穗数对产量的作用最大,每穗粒数次之,结实率居第3,千粒重最小.因此,要提高免耕抛秧产量,首先要在确保有足够有效穗数的基础上,力争增加每穗粒数,同时也要兼顾结实率和千粒重.栽培上,要结合免耕抛秧稻的生育特性并加以相应的配套技术,确保高产稳产. 相似文献
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1996年我们对水稻盘育秧抛秧和湿润育苗插秧的两种栽培方式的叶龄、发育进程和分蘖成穗进行了跟踪调查，结果表明：抛秧水稻比插秧在本田里主茎出叶速度快0．5—1个叶；抛秧分蘖成穗集中在4／0—7／0节位上；插秧集中在5／0一8／0节位上；随着分蘖位次的升高，每穗实粒数依次减少。 相似文献
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以人工栽插、人工抛秧和机械插秧三种不同栽培方式观察南粳9108的生育特性和产量表现。不同栽培方式下南粳9108的全生育期天数依次为人工栽插人工抛秧机械插秧,主要是由于营养生长阶段明显缩短。产量表现上,人工栽插比机械插秧高10.53%,人工抛秧比机械插秧高8.79%,产量结构上主要是人工栽插和人工抛秧的穗粒数较高。相比较而言,机械插秧比人工栽插和人工抛秧的分蘖群体增加晚、高峰苗出现时间迟、单位面积穗数高、穗粒数少。从南粳9108生育期表现上,三种种植方式都可以在睢宁地区应用,其中人工栽插和人工抛秧方式较为适宜,机械插秧方式下成熟期较晚,不利于后茬小麦适期播种。 相似文献
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水稻抛秧与插秧分蘖成穗规律研究初报 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１９９６年我们对水稻盘育秧抛秧和湿润育苗插秧的两种栽培方式的叶龄、发育进程和分蘖成穗进行了跟踪调查，结果表明：抛秧水稻比插秧在本田里主茎出叶速度快０．５－１个叶；抛秧分蘖成穗集中在４０／－７／０节位上；插秧集中在５／０－８／０节位上；随着分蘖位次的升高，每穗实粒数依次减少。 相似文献
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几何插秧法是目前水稻栽培中的一项新技术，它是根据水稻个体生长规律，以超稀植理论为基础，探索提炼出的一种插秧新方法。绥化市应用几何插秧法栽培水稻３３．３hm２，平均公顷产量达到９０００kg，比普通超稀植增产８．９７％，每平方米有效穗数３９８穗，比普通方法多３３穗，株高增加８cm，穗长增加１cm，每穗成粒数增加２．２个。１增产、增收机理１．１省种省工几何插秧法每公顷需种２０～２５kg，比普通插秧法节约种子５０％。平方米１３～１６穴，加快了插秧速度，节省插秧用工２０％～３０％。１．２结构合理由于穴距均等，穴与穴… 相似文献
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Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry. 相似文献
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Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m2 surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).
During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.
Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.
Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants. 相似文献
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2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。 相似文献
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为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。 相似文献
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施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。 相似文献