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为了解山西省长子县猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫免疫状况,评估疫苗免疫效果,2017—2019年在全县14个乡镇的规模场和散养户中,随机采集1343场次的6592份猪血清样品,采用间接ELISA方法进行免疫抗体检测.结果显示:2017—2019年长子县猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率分别为84.85％、88.14％,均达到了农业农村部... 相似文献
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为了探讨口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活苗免疫接种羊后产生的O型抗体效价,在肃州区银达镇和果园乡规模场、散养户采集羊血清,采用正向间接血凝试验进行O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体水平的检测。结果显示,规模场免疫抗体合格率平均为86.11%,散养户免疫抗体合格率平均为72%,个别散养户抗体只有40%。两个乡镇的规模场均较散养户免疫效果好,而且成年羊抗体明显高于羔羊,说明首免不能产生有效的保护抗体水平,只有二次加强免疫,抗体效价才能达到保护水平。 相似文献
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《养猪》2021,(5)
为了掌握长子县近3年猪口蹄疫抗体水平的变化特点及其影响因素,尽早排除疫情隐患,及时发现动物防疫工作中的不足,提出有效防控措施,科学疫病防控。现对该县近3年生猪养殖场自主送检和监督采集的猪血液样品采用口蹄疫O型间接血凝抗体检测法和抗体阻断ELISA进行猪口蹄疫抗体检测。结果显示:1)长子县近3年检测养猪户猪口蹄疫抗体共1 422场次,血清共7 514份。2018年、2019年、2020年抗体合格率分别为81.1%、95.0%、73.6%,3年合格率均高于国家标准,呈现先升高后降低的变化态势;2)2018年检测规模场123场次,合格率91.8%,散养户555场次,合格率78.7%;2019年检测规模场65场次,合格率96.9%,散养户357场次,合格率94.7%;2020年检测规模场120场次,合格率88.3%,散养户202场次,合格率64.9%,3年中规模场的合格率均高于散养户,且规模场中合格率为100%的比例大于散养户;3)2018—2020年进行猪口蹄疫抗体检测的规模场比例明显增大。可以看出,近3年长子县猪口蹄疫抗体水平整体稳定,规模化程度提高,但由于2019年畜牧机构改革、疫情冲击、养殖户口蹄疫免疫意识下降等导致2020年抗体合格率有所下降;且通过调查发现村防员入户率低,免疫技术不过关、未严格实施程序化免疫等,均是造成散养户免疫效果不佳的原因,对此提出扩大"先打后补"实施范围、加强管理与宣传、提高兽医人员专业能力等一系列改进措施。 相似文献
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为评估陕西省榆林市O型、AsiaI型和A型口蹄疫的免疫抗体水平,比较单次免疫和加强免疫后的抗体水平和变化趋势,在陕西省榆林市采集55个规模场和120个散养户强制免疫后的猪、牛、羊血清共计2310份,用液相阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫免疫抗体。结果显示:羊O型、Asia?型,猪O型,牛O型、AsiaI型和A型口蹄疫平均免疫抗体合格率分别为(57.12±4.8)%、(64.66±4.2)%、(66.46±2.02)%、(56±5.98)%、(57.9±1.66)%和(64.29±4.26)%;规模场中,只有羊AsiaI型和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,而散养户的全部口蹄疫抗体合格率均低于70%,差异极显著(P≤0.01);规模场首免1个月后进行加强免疫,发现抗体合格率全部由低于70%升高至80%以上,差异显著(P≤0.01)。结果表明,榆林市的整体口蹄疫免疫效果较差,只有规模场的羊AsiaI型和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,因此需要对这些免疫不合格畜群进行加强免疫,只有这样方能实现有效的免疫保护。本研究为了解本地区口蹄疫免疫效果,以及免疫程序制定和进一步做好口蹄疫防控工作提供了参考。 相似文献
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为掌握湖南省永州市零陵区规模场口蹄疫免疫效果，2020—2022年春防、秋防期间，在辖区内13个乡镇的规模场，采集337个场次的4 301份血清样品，采用阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫免疫抗体，并对检测结果进行时间、群间和空间分布分析。结果显示：2020—2022年全区O型口蹄疫平均场免疫合格率为84.27%，平均个体免疫合格率为87.17%，且合格率呈逐年上升趋势。牛场场户免疫合格率和个体免疫合格率均最高，分别为88.89%和90.04%，其次是猪场，分别为85.64%和89.10%，羊场最低，仅为77.78%和79.75%，其中羊场与牛场的场户免疫合格率差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），羊场与猪场（P <0.05）、牛场（P <0.01）的个体免疫合格率差异均有统计学意义；黄田铺和接履桥2个乡镇的免疫效果最好，免疫合格率均达到90%以上，而凼底和水口山则欠佳，免疫合格率仅略高于70%，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结果表明：零陵区规模养殖场O型口蹄疫整体免疫效果较好，但存在一定的地区和畜群差异。结果提示，应持续加强对养殖场的免疫技术指导和宣传培训工作，强... 相似文献
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为了解河南省O型口蹄疫（FMD）的免疫抗体水平,评估其免疫效果,2021年在河南省规模场、屠宰场与散养户,随机采集785场次22 879份血清样品,采用ELISA方法检测O型FMD免疫抗体,并对检测结果进行不同畜种、不同场点类型、不同季节、不同行政区域的统计分析。结果显示：2021年全省O型FMD抗体免疫合格率为80.30%,其中猪、牛、羊抗体免疫合格率分别为79.09%、92.48%、72.26%。猪场中,种猪场、商品代场、屠宰场O型FMD抗体免疫合格率分别为85.24%、82.57%、65.56%;牛场中,种牛场、商品代场、屠宰场、散养户O型FMD抗体免疫合格率分别为96.72%、91.75%、94.17%、100%;羊场中,种羊场、商品代场、散养户O型FMD抗体免疫合格率分别为78.63%、72.37%、69.46%。春、夏、秋、冬季的O型FMD抗体免疫合格率分别为79.42%、79.00%、80.58%、86.12%。18个地市中,有2个地市O型FMD抗体免疫合格率低于70%。结果表明：河南省O型口蹄疫整体免疫效果较好,但羊场免疫效果相对较差,尤其是散养户,免疫抗体合格率未达到... 相似文献
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为了掌握双江县2020—2022年规模化养殖场和散养户猪群中猪瘟、猪蓝耳病免疫抗体现状，随机在双江县内接种过猪瘟、蓝耳病疫苗的规模场和散养户中采集猪血清样品584份，应用ELISA方法进行猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体的检测和分析。结果：2020—2022年猪瘟抗体合格率分别为92.41%、91.67%、85%,其中规模场抗体合格率分别为80%、84%、72%,散养户抗体合格率分别为95.98%、94.61%、90%,均达到国家强制免疫标准(70%);2020—2022年猪蓝耳病抗体合格率分别为88.84%、62.78%、58.33%,其中规模场抗体合格率分别为100%、76%、62%,散养户抗体合格率分别为85.63%、62.5%、56.92%。近三年猪瘟免疫效果理想，但猪蓝耳病免疫效果不理想，猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体水平均呈逐年下降的趋势，需进一步采取应对措施，提高区域内的生猪疫病防控水平，并为双江县内猪瘟、猪蓝耳病的有效防控提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为了全面掌握陕西省汉中市生猪口蹄疫感染和免疫状况,采用非结构蛋白ELISA和正向间接血凝试验,对汉中市猪口蹄疫固定监测点的35个规模猪场和15个散养户开展了感染抗体和免疫抗体的检测.结果显示,猪口蹄疫非结构蛋白抗体阳性率为0,O型猪口蹄疫个体合格率为89.9%,群体合格率为77.1%.结果表明,未发现猪口蹄疫病毒感染及带毒情况,疫情形势稳定;规模场的O型猪口蹄疫个体合格率和群体合格率均高于散养户,差异极显著(P<0.01);种猪的O型猪口蹄疫个体合格率及群体合格率最高,育肥猪最低,个体合格率差异极显著(P<0.01),群体合格率差异显著(P<0.05);不同县区的猪口蹄疫个体合格率差异显著,个别猪场对口蹄疫免疫不够重视,存在漏免、 不及时补免、 免疫剂量不足等问题,成为口蹄疫疫情发生的潜在风险. 相似文献
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为评估湖北省宜昌市夷陵区2014—2018年春秋季猪瘟、猪O型口蹄疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫效果,对上述3种重大动物疫病免疫抗体连续5年的监测结果进行分析。结果表明,猪瘟、猪O型口蹄疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体总体合格率分别为84.6%、73.9%、80.7%,均达到了农业农村部规定的70%合格率的要求。猪瘟、猪O型口蹄疫抗体水平呈现逐年上升趋势,但高致病性猪蓝耳病抗体水平从2015年春季开始逐年下降。夷陵区东部乡镇养猪场免疫抗体水平高于其他乡镇,规模场免疫抗体整体水平高于散养户。需进一步采取措施,提高区域内生猪防控水平。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献