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为了彻底消灭禽白血病病毒(ALV)感染,北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司在2009~2016年期间对京红和京粉两个蛋鸡品种原种鸡群的6个配套系开展了全面检测和净化,蛋清、胎粪和泄殖腔棉拭子样品ALV p27抗原检测及血浆病毒分离率数据表明,在实施净化前,部分配套系在蛋清、胎粪的ALV p27抗原检测及血浆病毒分离三项指标上都出现一定的阳性率,但随着净化的实施,这三项指标的阳性率迅速下降,并在最近5年稳定保持在零检出。在此期间,泄殖腔棉拭子p27阳性率仅从12.1%缓慢下降,维持在3.5%~5.4%。在其他三项指标已连续多年维持在零检出时,泄殖腔棉拭子p27的检测阳性率极大可能为假阳性。比较不同采样人员、采样部位、样品处理方法对ALV p27抗原检测的影响表明,不同人员采集的泄殖腔棉拭子样品p27抗原阳性检出率不稳定;不同部位采集的棉拭子样品p27抗原检出率不同,泄殖腔棉拭子样品p27抗原阳性率比阴道棉拭子样品高31%;样品的处理方式对检测结果也有不同程度的影响,如p27抗原的检出率随样品稀释液用量的增加而降低,冻融样品阳性率显著高于未冻融样品的阳性率。综合以上结果表明泄殖腔棉拭子ALV p27抗原检测不适合作为禽白血病净化的检测指标。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(1)
为了解黄羽祖代公鸡精液在禽白血病(AL)净化中的作用,选取广东某黄羽祖代种鸡场a、b、c三个品系的公鸡作为研究对象,分别无菌操作逐一采集a、b、c三个品系公鸡的泄殖腔拭子及其相对应的血液与精液样品。采用ALV p27抗原ELISA的检测方法对泄殖腔拭子进行直接检测,用DF-1细胞分别对血浆和精液样品进行病毒分离,并将检测结果进行比较分析。结果显示:公鸡的泄殖腔拭子ALV p27抗原ELISA检测、血浆病毒分离为阴性的样品,从其对应的公鸡精液样品中能分离到外源性ALV,并且发现黄羽祖代公鸡精液阳性样品及其相对应的泄殖腔拭子阳性样品与血浆阳性样品相互之间不能完全覆盖;分别仅单独检测种公鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子、精液或血液中的ALV时存在漏检。因此,精液作为黄羽祖代公鸡禽白血病净化的检测材料是可行的,在针对黄羽祖代公鸡进行AL净化时,不应忽略精液样品的检测,为了提高检出率,加快净化进程,应考虑不同样品组合的复合检测。 相似文献
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本研究探讨不同检测方法或样品等因素对ALV检测结果的影响,为建立我国种鸡场禽白血病净化检测和临床鉴别诊断方法提供科学依据.我们对从我国不同种禽场获得的蛋清和泄殖腔棉拭子进行ALV抗原酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)比较检测;对上述不同检测结果区间的鸡只使用细胞培养分离病毒方法进行比较检验检测;对血清、血浆和蛋清样品使用DF1细胞和CEF进行病毒分离比较检测.结果,使用泄殖腔棉拭子和蛋清检测ALV P27的ELISA之间存在高度相关性,且蛋清检测更为灵敏(线性关系方程为y(蛋清)=1.3765X(泄殖腔)+0.0363,相关系数为0.9588).ELISA直接检测值(S/P值)不小于1.5(蛋清)或2.0(泄殖腔棉拭子)的鸡只,分离外源性ALV的比例为100％;检测值不小于1.0(蛋清)或1.5(泄殖腔棉拭子)的鸡只,病毒分离比例在90％以上;检测值为0.2以上的鸡只,病毒分离比例仅为59％(蛋清)和32.4％(泄殖腔棉拭子);而且,至少10％得检测值小于0.2的鸡只仍能用细胞分离到病毒;另外,对相同鸡只,使用蛋清分离病毒的比例为21％,而血清为8.5％;从相同蛋清中使用DF1细胞分离病毒的比例为27.84％,而CEF为17.53％.结果表明,蛋清较泄殖腔棉拭子ELISA检测更敏感;90％以上检测值在1.0(蛋清)或1.5(泄殖腔棉拭子)以上的鸡只,使用DF1细胞能够分离病毒;比较发现蛋清较血清,DF1细胞较CEF分离检测病毒更敏感.该研究结果结论对在我国种鸡群实施ALV净化建立包括泄殖腔棉拭子或蛋清进行ALV P27抗原ELISA检测以及细胞分离ALV方法相结合的综合检测方法提供科学依据. 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(4):637-642
为探讨泄殖腔棉拭子或种蛋中禽白血病病毒(ALV)-p27抗原检测与病毒分离检测之间的相关性,对不同类型鸡编号后分别对应采集泄殖腔棉拭子或蛋清后以ALV-p27抗原检测试剂盒检测,同时无菌采集抗凝血接种DF-1细胞进行ALV的分离鉴定。结果显示,人工感染A亚群ALV的SPF鸡群泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27抗原检测与病毒分离有很高的吻合率,相对于病毒分离法,119次泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27抗原检测中出现有1例假阳性和3例假阴性;从美国进口的200只祖代肉鸡3次采血DF1细胞分离病毒结果均为阴性,而泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27抗原阳性率依次为4.00%(8/200),2.97%(5/168)和2.61%(4/153),假阳性率为3.30%。相对于病毒分离法,正在实施ALV净化的不同遗传背景地方品系鸡泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27抗原检测的假阳性率高达93.20%~100.00%,还有一定比例假阴性(1/9,1/4,1/3)。本研究大量对应比较的数据表明,相对于血浆病毒分离法,不同类型鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子ALVp27抗原检测法不仅有很高的假阳性率,还有一定比例的漏检率。在种鸡场的ALV净化过程中考虑到成本,不建议以泄殖腔棉拭子作为检测材料。本试验为我国鸡群禽白血病净化检测和临床鉴别诊断提供参考依据。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(9)
为了解河南某斗鸡原种场禽白血病病毒(ALV)感染状况,分别于2017年1、4、9、12月和2018年7月随机或全群采集该场核心鸡群雏鸡胎粪棉拭子40份、泄殖腔棉拭子973份、血清150份以及留种用公鸡精液42份,采用ELISA方法分别检测雏鸡胎粪棉拭子、泄殖腔棉拭子、精液的ALV-p27抗原和血清样品的ALV-A/B、ALV-J亚型抗体。采集33份泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27阳性鸡的血浆,接种DF-1细胞,分离外源性ALV,并对分离株env基因进行了序列测定和同源性分析。结果显示,初次检测的雏鸡胎粪棉拭子ALV-p27阳性率为0,之后3次检测的成年鸡泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27抗原阳性率分别为84.48%、88%和78.10%;血清ALV-A/B、ALV-J亚型抗体阳性率两次检测结果分别为17.14%、0%和79.31%、24.14%;留种用公鸡精液ALV-p27抗原阳性率9.52%。DF-1细胞培养共分离到6株ALV,其中2株env基因序列与ALV-A亚型SDAU09E2株、ALV-J亚型HPRS103株同源性分别为89.2%、56.4%和89.2%、56.0%。表明该核心鸡群ALV感染率较高,且以A亚型为主。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(5)
为了解地方散养土鸡场禽白血病的感染情况,挑选本地区两个产蛋率较低的散养土鸡场,选择34周龄散养土鸡,单独隔离,分别采集363份蛋清样品和泄殖腔棉拭子样品,对样品分别进行p27抗原检测,结果发现蛋清样品阳性率为43.8%(159/363),高于泄殖腔棉拭子36.3%(113/363)。调查表明,地方散养土鸡场已存在禽白血病感染情况。在选择检测样品方面,蛋清是一种更优的材料。 相似文献
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本试验以80只300日龄的A品系蛋鸡为试验对象,分5个日龄段按翅号采集蛋清、泄殖腔棉拭子,无菌抗凝血和血清.用ALV p27抗原检测试剂盒检测蛋清和泄殖腔棉拭子.将无菌抗凝血分离血浆接种DF-1细胞,培养一周后用同样方法检测上清收集液,分析该群鸡只在不同日龄段泄殖腔棉拭子阳性、蛋清样本阳性和病毒分离阳性之间的相关性.用ALV-Ab抗体试剂盒检测各日龄段血清的抗体水平.此外,选取某一日龄段蛋清和泄殖腔拭子样本用4个不同厂家的ALV p27抗原检测试剂盒进行检测比较.结果表明,5个日龄段泄殖腔棉拭子平均阳性率为61％,蛋清样本平均阳性率为72.6％,病毒分离平均阳性率为48.8％.5个日龄段ALV的抗体阳性率一直为零;4个厂家的ELISA试剂盒对同一批样本的检测结果表明,IDEXX试剂盒的敏感度最高.本试验为外源性鸡白血病病毒检测及鸡白血病净化其方法的应用、试剂盒的选择、减少判定的误差、提高净化效果提供了一定的科学依据. 相似文献
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为了解鹅禽白血病病毒(ALV)的自然感染状态,试验采集4种不同地方品种鹅(豁眼鹅、广丰白翎鹅、浙东白鹅、武岗鹅)、3个时期(6周龄、22周龄和37周龄)的泄殖腔棉拭子和对应的血清样品各1 089份,同时采集产蛋期蛋清样品共180份,利用ALV抗原检测试剂盒进行检测。结果表明:每个品种鹅的不同时期样品均能够检测到ALV p27抗原,其中血清样品阳性率相对较高(6. 5%～8. 8%),泄殖腔棉拭子样品阳性率显著低于血清样品(P0. 05),蛋清样品阳性率最低(0～2. 2%);不同品种同一样品间ALV p27抗原阳性率差异不显著(P0. 05)。说明在鹅中可以检测到ALV p27抗原,且血清样品检测阳性率高于泄殖腔棉拭子和蛋清样品,但ALV在鹅中没有表现出品种差异性。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献