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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2016,(4)
按照不同生态和养殖环境区域合理设计泌乳牛饲料配方,将所涉及饲料原料进行加工调制成优质奶牛饲料加以日常利用,对奶牛的科学高效饲养有着非常重要意义。本试验研究3种不同饲料配方日粮对奶牛生产性能的影响,并筛选出最适饲料配方。结果表明,饲料日粮配方2是最佳泌乳牛饲养饲料配方,不仅能降低饲料投入成本,而且还能提高产奶量。 相似文献
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饲料对奶牛生产尤为重要,约占生产总成本的60%～70%,通过降低饲料成本而又保持其质量,或者提高饲料质量而保持其成本不变,来提高饲料效率,将直接提高奶牛生产效率,以便利用最低成本生产出高质量日粮,来满足奶牛营养的需要。因此,通过饲料营养成分测定,确定奶牛的日粮至关重要,是低成本日粮配方成败与否的关键,可以说“保证原料的质量,也就保证了配合饲料质量的90%”。奶牛场(户)在奶牛生产过程中应重视饲料营养成分测定,选择权威的饲料分析机构,主要对奶牛的常用饲料如精饲料、羊草、苜蓿干草、青贮玉米、糟渣类、块根块茎类进行常规成分测… 相似文献
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借助电子表格(Excel 97)配制奶牛日粮 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
奶牛日糖配制是否合理，直接影响么奶牛的产奶量和奶牛场的经济效益。奶牛日糖常随着产奶量、季节、泌乳阶段等作相应的调整，过去一般采用经验估测或粗略计算来得出一个“理想”日粮。结果不是过饲造成浪费，就是摄入营养不足，产奶潜力得不到发挥，产奶量低，经济效益差。随着电子计算机的普及，用电脑计算饲料配方已十分普遍，但是计算结果仍不令人满意，如：缺乏一般畜牧饲料知识的人不能操作；饲料用量取整后，营养需要不能完全满足等。为了消除已有饲料配方软件的不足，更好地调整饲料组成，满足奶牛的营养需要，本文介绍采用电子表格（Excel97语言）设计程序，经使用，既能方使地调整奶牛日粮，又能直观地反遇奶牛日粮中营养水平及奶牛需求水平，还能反映奶牛日粮的一些指标，另外，程序界面能以人、机对的方式面对面地对日糖组成进行多次修改，直到结果满意为止，下面就用Excel97程序调整奶牛日糖的方法作一简单介绍。 相似文献
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氨基酸螯合锌的特点及其在奶牛上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄恒新 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2010,(3):36-37
随着我国现代集约化、规模化奶牛场的迅猛发展，国内培育的高产奶牛的群体不断增大，对高产奶牛的日粮配方的研究渐成热点和难点，因为高产奶牛往往更易出现营养代谢性疾病（如酮病、瘤胃酸中毒等），并且产奶量越高，越是要求高质量的特殊的营养平衡。这就要求必须供给高产奶牛全面平衡充足的各种营养物质（优质均衡的TMR日粮），包括能量、蛋白质、脂肪、维生索，矿物质等，由于奶牛瘤胃微生物的特殊性，对许多营养成分（氨基酸、维生素、胆碱等）有不同程度地降解破坏作用，某种程度上也增加了奶牛营养研究的难度。 相似文献
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奶牛全混合日粮(TMR)的概念是指根据奶牛不同生长发育及泌乳阶段的营养需求和饲养目的,按照营养调控技术和饲料搭配原则而设计出的奶牛均衡营养日粮配方,按此配方把每天饲喂奶牛的各种饲料(粗饲料、青贮饲料、精饲料和饲料添加剂)通过特定的设备和饲料加工工艺而均匀地混合在一 相似文献
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正TMR,即奶牛全混合日粮,是根据奶牛不同生长发育和泌乳阶段的营养需要,按营养专家设计的配方,用特质的搅拌机对日粮各组分进行搅拌、切割、混合和饲喂的一种先进饲养工艺。这样配出的饲料能够保证奶牛每采食一口饲料的营养都是均衡的。据河北农业大学动物科技学院高艳霞教授介绍,奶牛场使用TMR饲喂技术,至少有以下几点好处:一是维持牛群健康。因为TMR全混合日粮经过均匀的搅拌、切割、揉搓等工艺,增强了奶牛的适口性,TMR的配方是根据奶牛营养需求制定的,解决了奶牛采食随意性问题,降低了人为管理失误因素,均衡的营养使牛群更加健康。二是提高牛奶产量。TMR日粮是奶牛 相似文献
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全混合日粮（TMR）饲养技术是根据奶牛不同饲养阶段的营养需要，把奶牛日粮中的各种饲料按照适当的比例，使用饲料搅拌车进行充分混和，使奶牛每一口都能吃上营养相对平衡的日粮。这至少包括两点，第一，日粮配方营养平衡；第二，吃到嘴里仍保持营养平衡。这两点说来容易，而真正做好与常被忽略的青贮饲料中的水分含量密切相关。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献