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干酪是一种浓缩的乳制品，它是奶中主要的蛋白质——干酪素凝集后，排除乳清而得到的乳制品。干酪是奶中大部分养分的浓集物，其成分中除蛋白质外，还有绝大部分乳脂肪和脂溶性维生素、钙和其他种矿物质，以及水分。这种干酪所含的水分中含有乳糖、乳清、蛋白质、可溶性盐类、维生素等水溶性乳成分。干酪制造原料奶的处理。干酪的基础是优质奶。作为干酪基础的优质奶中可以按需要分离一部分脂肪，或添加某些奶的固体物，制成不同品种的干酪制品。必须严格控制原料奶的质量，世界上多数品种的干酪都是使用加热处理的奶或巴氏灭菌奶制造的。巴… 相似文献
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牛乳是营养丰富的理想食品．也是一种热敏性物质，乳品生产与冷、热加工的关系非常密切，所以研究冷、热加工对乳性质的影响，对于提高乳制品质量有很大意义。 相似文献
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生鲜乳是一种特殊性、初级性的畜产品，是牛奶制作的原材料，目前我国人群喜爱这一产品，认为其营养丰富，尤其是酸奶、营养奶深受年轻人欢迎。在我国教育体制改革下，早餐奶是学生每日的辅助性营养食品。然而，近些年生鲜乳质量安全事故频发，人们对生鲜乳制品的安全问题十分关注，存在诸多质疑，对于生鲜乳质量安全问题治理存在诸多缺陷。笔者根据自身多年的畜产品质量安全监管经验，主要剖析我国生鲜乳制品的质量安全问题原因，提出一些针对性的改善对策。 相似文献
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随着我国乳及乳制品安全和质量要求的提高，原料奶质量的提高是前提。规模化奶牛场的建设和发展是保持我国奶牛业健康、可持续发展的方向。本文通过对规模化奶牛场基础操作管理和技术要点的阐述，使规模化奶牛场形成良好的操作规范，从而确保所提供的原料奶质量优质、安全。 相似文献
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自三鹿“三聚氰胺”奶粉事件曝光以来,国家出台了《乳制品质量安全监督管理条例》,《条例》对奶畜养殖、生鲜乳收购、乳制品生产、乳制品销售、监督检查及法律责任做了明确的规定,规范了奶畜养殖场、养殖小区建设条件和标准,明确提出生鲜乳实行收购许可证制度,规定了生鲜乳收购主体,加大了对奶厅、奶站整治和取缔力度,奶畜养殖场（小区）将成为生鲜乳收购的最好选择。 相似文献
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《北方牧业(奶牛)》2009,(2)
日前，记者从内蒙古自治区政府获悉，内蒙古乳制品生产或生鲜乳收购量较大的盟市正在组建生鲜乳质量第三方检测中心．仲裁和解决乳制品生产企业与奶站因原料奶质量而发生的争议问题，切实保护奶农利益。 相似文献
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孙彦琴 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2008,29(10):39-39
牛乳是一种热敏性物质，研究热加工对牛乳性质的影响．对于控制乳制品质量有重要意义。本文探讨热加工过程对牛乳产生的主要影响。 相似文献
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卡买力·奴尔倒拉提 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2020,(1):16-17
随着人们的生活质量的提高,含有丰富的钙、维生素、蛋白质的乳及乳制品不仅成为人们生活中不可缺少的食物之一,而且需求量也在日益增加,促使了乳及乳制品的市场逐渐壮大,也推动了乳畜养殖业的快速发展。为了降低乳畜各种疾病的发病率及提高乳畜的乳产量,会在养殖过程中对乳畜各种疾病的预防使用各种抗生素与激素药物,大量的激素残留物会随着食物进入人体,进入生态系统,对人类的身体健康以及生态环境造成负面的影响。因此,对乳及乳制品中的激素含量进行检测就显得十分重要,本文介绍了乳及乳制品中激素检测的常用方法及其研究进展。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献