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1.
为验证在有机物存在下格利特(20％戊二醛溶液)消毒剂杀灭禽流感病毒的能力,试验模拟空栏鸡舍和周围环境消毒实际情况,在鸡粪中混入H9亚型禽流感病毒,以接种鸡胚尿囊液中H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝价＜2 log2判为感染阴性,以样品经消毒剂作用后检测不到病毒含量(即0EID50)为病毒完全杀灭(100％杀灭病毒),研究格利特消毒剂杀灭禽流感病毒的效果,结果显示:1∶400以下稀释的格利特消毒剂4℃或25℃作用20 min,均能100％杀灭混入鸡粪中的H9N2禽流感病毒;1∶200稀释的格利特消毒剂25℃作用20 min,能100％杀灭存在于鸡粪和清洁剂中的H9N2禽流感病毒.1∶1600以下稀释的格利特消毒剂25℃作用20 min,均能100％杀灭无鸡粪保护的H9N2禽流感病毒. 相似文献
2.
为验证在有机物存在下格利特消毒剂杀灭禽流感病毒的能力,试验模拟鸡舍和周围环境的消毒实际情况,在鸡粪中混入H9亚型禽流感病毒,研究格利特消毒剂(20%戊二醛溶液)杀灭禽流感病毒的效果,结果:1∶100、1∶200和1∶400稀释的格利特消毒剂在4℃或25℃下作用20 min,均能100%杀灭混入鸡粪中的H9N2禽流感病毒;1∶200稀释的格利特消毒剂25℃下作用20 min,能杀灭存在于鸡粪和清洁剂中的100%H9N2禽流感病毒。1∶100、1∶200、1∶400、1∶800、1∶1 600稀释的格利特消毒剂25℃下作用20 min,均能100%杀灭无鸡粪保护的H9N2禽流感病毒。结论:格利特消毒剂能杀灭有鸡粪保护的禽流感病毒。 相似文献
3.
《中国家禽》2016,(1)
采用悬浮杀灭试验,考察戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的灭活效果。将戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液通过不同稀释倍数(1 250、2 500、5 000、10 000、20 000)、在不同作用时间(5、10 min)观察其对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的灭活效果。结果显示,戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液在10000倍稀释,与H9N2亚型禽流感病毒作用5 min或10 min,灭活率达99.90%以上;在20 000倍稀释,作用5 min或10 min,灭活率均小于99.90%。表明戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液在10 000倍稀释与H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(20±1)℃水浴作用5 min,即可对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒达到很好的灭活效果。 相似文献
4.
采用Klein-Defors悬浮杀灭与感染试验方法，研究“卫可”、“卫康”两种消毒剂在不同浓度下，分别与流感H51N1和H9N2亚型病毒作用5min和10min，对流感病毒的灭活作用。结果表明：这两种消毒剂在相同或不同的浓度范围内。对病毒的杀灭率是有区别的。尽管每种消毒剂在本身稀释浓度范围内都有较好的杀毒效果，但在应用中也应考虑其他因素的影响。因此，我们推荐使用该消毒剂的工作浓度为100％杀灭病毒的稀释度。这将为其临床应用提供依据，对环境消毒和防止流感爆发具有参考价值。 相似文献
5.
《养禽与禽病防治》2016,(7)
本研究主要针对Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)对抗新城疫病毒(NDV)及低致病性禽流感LPAIVs之效力评估。Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)被稀释成0.25%及0.5%。稀释后的Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)放在室温下保存0~7天。0.5m L的vNDV或LPAIV混以0.5m L稀释后的Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)。经过10分钟的作用后,把混合物接种到鸡胚中,并且1天观察2次。收集接种后3天或以上死亡胚胎尿囊液。用凝集试验(HA)检测病毒的含量。另外,新鲜稀释的Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)混合每种病毒作用5秒、30秒、1分钟后,加入胎牛血清终止Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)的活性。这些样品依照时间条件滴定到鸡胚胎纤维母细胞或是Madin-Darby犬肾细胞中。依照接种3天后凝集试验(HA test)的作用来检查和计算病毒的滴度及中和指数(NI)。NI3.0被认为是有效的。试验显示新鲜稀释后的Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)能有效消灭病毒。Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)在0.5%的情况下,能有效杀灭试验中所有的病毒,并且至少能持续7天。另一方面,0.25%只能杀灭H1N1 AIV及NDV-G7。稀释成0.5%的Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)在接触时间只有5秒的情况下能有效杀灭NDV及LPAIV。然而稀释成0.25%的Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)能在5秒内杀灭NDV-G7、30秒内杀灭H1N1及H5N2 AIV、3分钟内杀灭NDV-sato与H7N1 AIV。因此,Bestaquam-S(百毒杀)为优良消毒剂,不但能杀灭病毒(特别是有囊膜病毒),还能增加禽畜养殖场的生物安全性。 相似文献
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7.
为了了解抗H9N2禽流感病毒(AIV)单克隆抗体的确切用途,试验用纯化后的H9N2禽流感病毒免疫Balb/c小鼠,经细胞融合后再进行筛选。结果表明:获得2株能够稳定分泌抗H9N2 AIV的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1E7和3D6,2株单克隆抗体的腹水效价分别为1∶25 600和1∶12 800;应用间接ELISA和间接免疫荧光检测显示,2株单克隆抗体均能与H9N2亚型AIV发生反应;进一步研究发现,3D6可以与H9N2 AIV中的NP蛋白结合,使得表达NP蛋白的MDCK细胞显现出绿色荧光。说明3D6是一株针对H9N2 AIV NP蛋白的单克隆抗体。 相似文献
8.
为了研究家禽粪便环境对常用化学消毒剂杀灭H5N6亚型禽流感病毒的影响,依照《消毒技术规范》,评估5种消毒剂在粪便环境下对目前我国流行的H5N6亚型高致病性禽流感病毒的杀灭效果。结果:与无粪便环境组相比,家禽粪便对5种消毒剂的消毒效果均造成一定程度的影响,需要提高消毒剂工作浓度。其中:过硫酸氢钾复合物溶液、二氯异氰脲酸钠溶液、戊二醛苯扎溴铵溶液作用浓度需分别提高2.5倍、2倍和4倍(均在说明书最大推荐浓度范围内),方可完全灭活H5N6亚型禽流感病毒。尽管癸甲溴铵溶液与戊二醛癸甲溴铵溶液作用浓度分别需提高8倍和4倍可完全杀灭病毒,但均超出了说明书最大推荐浓度,具有一定的使用风险。本研究对指导养禽场和活禽交易市场在粪便环境下科学合理地使用消毒剂杀灭禽流感病毒提供了参考。 相似文献
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10.
为研究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)对哺乳动物的致病力,本研究选取了2009年～2010年从我国南方地区分离到的6株H9N2 AIV,测定分析了其基因组序列及在小鼠体内的复制能力。HA基因分析显示:6株病毒均属于A/CK/BJ/94谱系,HA均含有人样受体结合位点Leu226。PB2基因分析表明,6株H9N2 AIV分离株均具有AIV低致病力的分子特征(Glu627和Asp701)。对BALB/c小鼠感染试验显示:感染组无任何临床症状及增重;病毒仅局限于小鼠呼吸道复制。本研究结果有助于全面了解近年我国H9N2 AIV分子进化情况,并对评估H9N2AIV对哺乳动物的潜在威胁提供参考。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献