共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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棕榈壳热解失重特性及动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用热重-红外联用(TG-FTIR)、裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)技术和小型固定床装置,考察了棕榈壳的热解失重过程和产物特性,并进一步评价了热解半焦的气化反应性。结果表明:棕榈壳热解失重过程大致分为干燥(25~236℃,3.42%)、主失重(236~400℃,52.31%)和炭化(400~850℃,14.90%)3个阶段,1.5级或2级反应可以较好描述棕榈壳热解反应的主失重过程;升温速率10~30 K/min下,反应表观活化能为67.63~76.47 k J/mol;热解过程主要气体产物的释放量顺序分别为CO2、H2O、CH4和CO;600~850℃下,棕榈壳主要热解产物为液相产物,其质量产率36.8%~50.9%,能量产率41.3%~58.9%,主要组分包括苯酚、乙酸、十八烷酸、十六烷酸、4-烯丙基-2,6-二甲氧基苯酚等物质,其中苯酚GC含量较高(12.56%~15.49%),这可能主要与原料木质素的含量较高有关;固相产物的质量和能量产率分别为20.6%~26.7%和27.4%~35.0%,其CO2气化反应性相对低于稻秆、木粉等常见生物质。 相似文献
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Gonzalo Vázquez Jorge Santos M. Sonia Freire Gervasio Antorrena Julia González-álvarez 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(1-3):443-457
The extraction of phenolic compounds from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bark was examined with the aim of analyzing the potential of the extracts as natural antioxidants. Experiments were planned according to a 23 factorial design to analyze the influence of temperature and Na2SO3 and NaOH concentrations in aqueous solutions on extraction yield, extract total phenols content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and number- and weight-average molecular weights. Extract total phenols content and FRAP antioxidant activity in the ranges 0.91–2.58?g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100?g oven-dried bark and 4.70–11.96?mmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/100?g oven-dried bark, respectively, demonstrated the potential of eucalyptus bark as a source of antioxidant compounds. Extraction at the highest temperature (100°C), the lowest Na2SO3 concentration (1.5% on oven-dried bark), and without NaOH provided the highest extract total phenols content and FRAP antioxidant activity. Those eucalyptus bark extracts with lower molecular weight showed higher antioxidant activity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed the presence of polygalloyl glucoses, catechin, epicatechin, ellagic acid, quercetin-3-o-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin in eucalyptus bark aqueous extracts. 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器，用一乙醇胺（M EA ）、二乙醇胺（DEA ）和氨基乙酸钾（PG ）作为吸收剂对烟气中的CO2进行了吸收实验，研究气体流速、吸收剂流速和浓度等因素对CO2脱除率和传质速率的影响。结果表明：以上吸收剂分离吸收CO2的效率由大到小依次是PG、M EA、DEA。CO2的脱除率和传质速率随吸收剂浓度和流速的提高均增加；CO2脱除率随气体流量的增加而减小，但传质速率却随之增加。 相似文献
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Summary We present experimental data on hydrolysis of wood in high temperature short residence time (HTST) and low acid concentration conditions. Effects of temperature, acid concentration, particle size and liquid/solid ratio are discussed. A kinetic model is proposed which accounts for effects of temperature and acid concentration. This kinetic model is used to predict performance of a twin-screw extruder as a hydrolyser which consists of ideal mixed flow or plug flow reactor units in series.Symbols A
Acid concentration in liquid phase
- A
Acid concentration in solid phase
- A0
Initial mass of sulphuric acid, g
- C
Cellulose content of solid phase, %
- d
Diameter of wood particles, m
- E1
Activation energy of cellulose hydrolysis, cal. mol-1
- E2
Activation energy of glucose degradation, cal. mol-1
- F
Objective function, refers to Eq. (5)
- G
Glucose yield
- Ge
Glucose yield at equilibrium
- Gi, exp
Experimental glucose yield (Eq. (5))
- Gi, th
Calculated glucose yield (Eq. (5))
- Gmax
Maximum glucose yield
- k*
Parameter defined by Eq. (9)
- k1
Rate constant of cellulose hydrolysis, s-1
- k2
Rate constant of glucose degradation, s-1
- k
1
*
Apparent rate constant of cellulose hydrolysis, s-1
- k
2
*
Apparent rate constant of glucose degradation, s-1
- k10
Pre-exponential factor of constant k1, s-1
- k20
Pre-exponential factor of constant k2, s-1
- K
Parameter defined in Table 3
- m
Constant
- mg
Mass of glucose produced, g
- M0
Initial mass of wood, g
- M
Mass of saturated steam delivered, g
- M
Mass of saturated steam delivered after 120 s of reaction time, g
- m0
Initial mass of water, g
- n
Constant
- N
Number of reactor units
- qi
Volume flow rate in reactor units, m3 · s-1
- rg
Conversion rate of glucose, s-1
- R
Ideal gas constant, 1.987 cal · mol-1 K-1
- t
Reaction time, s
- T
Temperature, K
- Vi
Volume of reactor units, m3
- W
Water content of wood sample, %
- X, X
Parameters defined in Table 3
- Y, Z
Parameters defined in Table 3
-
Constant defined in Eq. (4), s-1
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v
Number of experimental points (Eq. (5))
- i
Residence time in plug flow unit, s
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i
Residence time in mixed flow unit, s 相似文献
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白桦树皮中桦木醇超临界二氧化碳萃取的研究(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
桦木醇,一种药用五环三萜成分,大量存在于白桦(Betulaplatyphlly)树皮中。白桦树皮于2000年9月采集自黑龙江省塔源林场。超临界流体萃取技术(SFE)是一种新型分离技术,广泛用于药物和天然产物生产。本文研究了利用超临界CO2萃取技术从白桦皮中提取桦木醇的工艺条件,系统分析了携带剂用量、萃取压力和萃取温度等参数对桦木醇提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳的萃取条件为:每克桦树皮粉所用携带剂用量为1.5mL,萃取压力为20Mpa,萃取温度为55C,CO2流量为10kg/h,分离压力和分离温度分别为5.5Mpa和50C。图4参6。 相似文献
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超声法提取薏苡仁油的工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用超声波法提取薏苡仁油,对其中的影响因素提取溶剂、药材粒径、提取时间、提取温度、料液比等进行系统研究。结果表明：将薏苡仁药材粉碎至粒径60目,按料液比1∶3．5加入无水乙醇为提取溶剂,在60℃温度下提取40 min ,所得提取率最高为11．8％。该提取工艺具有提取时间短,效率高,节省溶剂的特点。 相似文献
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超声波法提取木材中的阿拉伯半乳聚糖的研究 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
应用超声波技术浸提兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr．)木材加工剩余物中的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。研究了影响阿拉伯半乳聚糖得率的提取条件,包括超声波功率、料液比、原料粒度和浸提时间。将超声波提取与传统提取和微波提取进行比较,并利用红外光谱和紫外吸收光谱分析浸提物。超声波法提取的粗产品在280nm处的紫外吸光度最小;产品质量最接近标准品。在单因素试验中超声波提取的粗阿拉伯半乳聚糖最高提取率为16．61％,比传统浸提法高。 相似文献
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超临界C02萃取沙棘果渣中β--胡萝卜素的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用超临界CO2流体萃取沙棘果渣得到橘红色提取物，经试验确定了超临界CO2流体萃取沙棘果渣的最佳工艺条件。讨论了萃取压力，萃取温度，分离压力，分离温度，CO2流量，时间等对沙棘果渣有效成分提取的影响，并对沙棘果渣提取物性质做了初步试验。 相似文献
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研究了超临界CO2流体萃取柑橘皮精油的工艺条件并对其化学成分进行了分析。考察了在超临界CO2条件下,萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和分离温度等因素对精油得率的影响,并通过正交试验优化得到最佳工艺条件,用GC-MS法测定柑橘皮精油的化学组成。结果显示最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度40℃,萃取压力20 MPa,分离温度50℃,萃取时间60 min,CO2流量25 kg/h。在此条件下,精油得率为0.86%。GC-MS测定结果显示柑橘皮精油主要由5,5’-二甲氧基-3,3’-二甲基-2,2’-联二萘-1,1’,4,4’-四酮组成(35.54%),其次还含β-羟基-甲基炔诺酮-甲基肟(24.60%)。 相似文献
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印楝作为植物源木材防腐剂活性物提取的重要来源深受研究人员的重视,对其活性物的萃取工艺也多种多样。本文采用了超声波震荡法、微波萃取法及水浴搅拌法对印楝种子粉末进行提取,在不同物液比（1∶8、1∶10、1∶12）、不同温度（30、40、50℃）下,对比分析三种工艺的粗提率。结果表明,三种提取工艺的提取率均随着温度的升高而增大,随着物液比（印楝种子粉末与乙醇-水之比）的降低而增大;在对印楝种子活性成分粗提取时的三种方法比较,温度控制在50℃,物液比为1∶12时,微波萃取法的提取率最高。 相似文献
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Effects of temperature on growth and wood anatomy were studied in young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) grown in 7-l pots for 2.5 years in field-phytotron chambers supplied with an ambient (approximately 400 micromol mol-1) or elevated (approximately 700 micromol mol-1) carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]). Temperatures in the chambers ranged in increments of 2 degrees C from -4 degrees C to +4 degrees C relative to the long-term mean monthly (day and night) air temperature in Berlin-Dahlem. Soil was not fertilized and soil water and air humidity were kept constant. Data were evaluated by regression analysis. At final harvest, stem diameter was significantly greater at increased temperature (Delta1 degrees C: 2.4%), stems were taller (Delta1 degrees C: 8.5%) and stem mass tree-1 (Delta1 degrees C: 10.9%) and leaf area tree-1(Delta1 degrees C: 6.5%) were greater. Allocation pattern was slightly influenced by temperature: leaf mass ratio and leaf area ratio decreased with increasing temperature (Delta1 degrees C: 2.3% and 2.2% respectively), whereas stem mass/total mass increased (Delta1 degrees C: 2.1%). Elevated [CO2] enhanced height growth by 8.8% and decreased coarse root mass/total mass by 10.3% and root/shoot ratio by 11.7%. Additional carbon was mainly invested in aboveground growth. At final harvest a synergistic interaction between elevated [CO2] and temperature yielded trees that were 3.2% taller at -4 degrees C and 12.7% taller at +4 degrees C than trees in ambient [CO2]. After 2.5 seasons, cross-sectional area of the oldest stem part was approximately 32% greater in the +4 degrees C treatment than in the -4 degrees C treatment, and in the last year approximately 67% more leaf area/unit tree ring area was produced in the highest temperature regime compared with the lowest. Elevated [CO2] decreased mean vessel area of the 120 largest vessels per mm2 by 5.8%, causing a decrease in water conducting capacity. There was a positive interaction between temperature and elevated [CO2] for relative vessel area, which was approximately 38% higher at +4 degrees C than at -4 degrees C in elevated [CO2] compared with ambient [CO2]. Overall, temperature had a greater effect on growth than [CO2], but elevated [CO2] caused quantitative changes in wood anatomy. 相似文献