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本试验旨在研究十二指肠灌注亮氨酸对奶牛胰腺淀粉酶分泌的影响。以4头周岁荷斯坦母牛[(215±7)kg]为试验动物,手术安装十二指肠胰液收集袋、灌注管和回流管以及颈静脉插管,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,进行十二指肠亮氨酸灌注试验[(灌注水平分别为0、29.5、59.1和88.6μmol/(kg.h)]。结果表明,随亮氨酸灌注水平升高,血浆胰岛素和胆囊收缩素浓度升高(P<0.05),胰腺α-淀粉酶合成速率(U/h)呈先升高后降低趋势(P<0.01),在29.5μmol/(kg.h)灌注水平时最大。十二指肠灌注亮氨酸也极显著影响了胰腺α-淀粉酶分泌浓度(U/L,P<0.01;U/g prot,P<0.01)。结果表明,亮氨酸可能通过刺激胰岛素和胆囊收缩素释放,调控青年奶牛胰腺淀粉酶分泌功能,二者存在剂量效应。 相似文献
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本试验探讨了十二指肠灌注大豆小肽和氨基酸对奶山羊小肠肽结合氨基酸和游离氨基酸吸收的影响.选取4只体况良好,体重(38.38±3.09)kg的泌乳奶山羊,安装永久性十二指肠近端瘘管和门静脉、肠系膜静脉以及颈动脉慢性血管插管进行试验.采用交叉试验设计,分别向十二指肠灌注60 g/d大豆小肽以及与60g大豆小肽总氨基酸含量相同的氨基酸.结果表明,与灌注氨基酸相比,灌注大豆小肽显著增加肠系膜排流组织(MDV)总肽结合氨基酸净流量(P<0.05),门静脉排流组织(PDV)总肽结合氨基酸净流量高于灌注氨基酸组,但2组间差异不显著(P>0.05).而灌注氨基酸显著增加奶山羊MDV和PDV总游离氨基酸净流量(P<0.05).研究表明,小肠中肽含量的增加可以促使其在小肠的吸收. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医》2010,(9)
本试验研究了十二指肠灌注C18∶3游离脂肪酸对泌乳奶牛免疫功能的影响。试验采用2处理交叉试验设计,4头装有瘤胃瘘管的初产中国荷斯坦奶牛分别灌注0、100、200、300、400 g/dα-亚麻酸(LNA),采集奶牛血液样品并测定血清中IgA、IgG、Ig M、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和Th1/Th2细胞因子水平。结果表明,泌乳奶牛十二指肠增量灌注LNA使血清中IgG含量线性升高(P0.05),而血清中干扰素-γ呈二次升高(P0.05);但是,血清中PGE2含量线性下降(P0.05),IL-4水平也有降低趋势(P=0.08)。增量灌注亚麻酸对血清中IgA、Ig M以及IL-2、IL-6和IL-10等细胞因子含量无影响。本研究结果表明,奶牛瘤胃后增量灌注高剂量LNA可起到免疫调节作用,此作用可能与TH1型免疫反应有关。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究十二指肠灌注大豆小肽对奶山羊小肠小肽和游离氨基酸吸收的影响。选择7只体况良好、体质量相近的奶山羊((37.88±3.03)kg),安装永久性十二指肠近端瘘管和门静脉、肠系膜静脉近端和远端以及颈动脉慢性血插管进行4×4拉丁方试验,分别从十二指肠灌注生理盐水、60、120、180g.d-1大豆小肽。结果表明,随着十二指肠大豆小肽灌注水平的提高,奶山羊肠系膜排流组织(MDV)总肽结合氨基酸净流量显著增加(P0.05或P0.01);60、120、180g.d-1组门静脉排流组织(PDV)总肽结合氨基酸净流量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),但3个大豆小肽灌注组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。奶山羊小肠对小肽的吸收率随小肠中肽量的增加而下降。随着大豆小肽灌注水平的增加,奶山羊MDV和PDV组织游离氨基酸净流量显著增加(P0.05)。随十二指肠大豆小肽灌注水平的提高,试验羊颈静脉血浆尿素氮浓度显著增加(P0.05),对血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、生长激素、胰高血糖素和IGF-1浓度没有显著影响(P0.05)。研究结果表明,大豆小肽灌注增加奶山羊小肠中肽结合氨基酸的流量,提高了MDV肽结合氨基酸的净流量,但因肽结合氨基酸吸收率降低或/和肽结合氨基酸吸收细胞降解率提高,降低了进入肠系膜静脉的肽结合氨基酸的比率。 相似文献
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本试验比较了奶牛十二指肠灌注葡萄糖（Glc）、五种非必需氨基酸混合物（NEAAm）和瘤胃灌注丙酸（C3）后葡萄糖的显现率（Ra）和乳中乳糖分泌情况。试验动物为4头安装十二指肠瘘管和瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛， 相似文献
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十二指肠灌注DL-蛋氨酸对肉牛营养物质消化率和血液指标影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据基础日粮+待测氨基酸法,由十二指肠瘘管连续灌注DL-Met,通过日增重、氮平衡试验、小肠营养物质消化率指标和血浆游离氨基酸含量确定基础日粮条件下十二指肠氨酸最佳灌注量。试验结果表明:III组日增重最高,比I组提高15.27%(P<0.05)II组和III组沉积氮、沉积氮/可消化氮显著高于I组(P<0.05),其中III组高于II组;III组尿中尿素氮显著低于I组(P<0.05)。III组小肠氮的表观消化率最高,比I组高5.72%(P<0.05)。III组血浆氨氮显著低于I组(P<0.05)。血浆Cys和MetIV组显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),而Ser和Ile则相反。III组血浆Leu、Lys、BCAA和EAA显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。肉牛十二指肠蛋氨酸最佳灌注量为13g/d。 相似文献
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选用3只浏阳生长黑山羊(10.00±0.15 kg),测定各种氨基酸在山羊小肠表观消化率,依据肌肉氨基酸模式计算限制性氨基酸的灌注量.试验表明,生长山羊在实用日粮条件下需灌注Met,0.77 g/d;Lys,0.91 g/d;Leu,0.58 g/d.在此基础上,选用12只浏阳生长黑山羊(10.00±0.23 kg)按随机区组设计接受氨基酸混合液(对照组)以及分别减去3种氨基酸(Met、Lys和Leu)的灌注液(试验组).试验表明,减Met组与减Lys组血清胰岛素显著低于对照组(P《0.05),三处理组间及减Leu组和对照组间血清胰岛素浓度差异不显著(P》0.05).减少Met、Lys、Leu的灌注对血清总蛋白没有影响(P》0.05). 相似文献
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十二指肠灌注蛋氨酸对肉牛小肠氨基酸消化率的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据基础日粮+待测氨基酸法,由十二指肠瘘管连续灌注DL Met,通过小肠氨基酸消化率确定基础日粮条件下十二指肠蛋氨酸最佳灌注量。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,试牛饲喂相同的基础日粮,DL 蛋氨酸的浓度为0(Ⅰ组)、9(Ⅱ组)、13(Ⅲ组)和17(Ⅳ组)g/d,预试期12d,正试期7d,采用Cr2O3标记物法测定食糜流通量。结果表明:十二指肠灌注13g蛋氨酸(Ⅲ组)显著增加十二指肠Met、Cys、Pro、Lys以及TAA和EAA流通量(P<0 05),降低回肠Asp、Thr、Glu、Gly、Val、Ile、Phe、Lys和His的流通量,但差异不显著(P>0 05),显著提高Asp、Thr、Ser、Glu、Phe、His、Arg在小肠的表观消化率(P<0 05),证明本试验条件下十二指肠蛋氨酸最佳灌注量为13g/d。 相似文献
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消化道不同部位灌注大豆寡糖对绵羊几个免疫指标影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同剂量大豆寡糖(SBOS)对绵羊体液免疫和细胞免疫功能的影响。试验选用9只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羊羯羊,随机分为3组。试验1组灌注占试验日粮风干物质0.6%的SBOS;试验2组灌注占试验日粮风干物质1.2%的SBOS;对照组不灌注SBOS。试验分3期,分别在瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠3个部位灌注SBOS(每期进行1个部位的灌注)。结果表明:(1)通过瘤胃和十二指肠灌注,SBOS提高了绵羊外周血CD4细胞数量、CD4/CD8值、血清IgG和IgA含量,其中以1.2%组效果最为明显;(2)回肠灌注SBOS,增加了外周血CD8细胞数量,降低了CD4/CD8值;0.6%组增加了CD4细胞数量,提高了IgG、IgA含量;1.2%组降低了CD4细胞数量,在第14天和21天达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且在14 d和21 d降低了IgG、IgA含量。因此,SBOS可以在一定程度上提高绵羊的免疫功能。 相似文献
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瘤胃投饲不同形式蛋氨酸对肉牛微生物氨基酸的影响 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
选择安装瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的肉牛4头,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究瘤胃投饲不同形式蛋氨酸对肉牛微生物氨基酸的影响,投饲蛋氨酸添加剂分别为0( 组)、DL-Met( 组)、动物油包被Met( 组)和吸附MHA( 组)。试验结果表明, 组不仅显著提高瘤胃液中微生物(LAM)中Phe和Met的含量(P<0.05),降低Asp含量(P<0.05),而且显著提高瘤胃食糜中微生物(SAM)Leu和Ile的含量(P<0.05); 组显著提高LAM中Phe和Met的含量(P<0.05),降低SAM中Ile的含量(P<0.05)。 组和 组显著提高十二指肠微生物Ile、Leu、Phe和Met的流通量(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献