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反刍动物饲料中总磷的近红外反射光谱分析研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用近红外反射光谱分析技术,采用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法,分别对光谱进行附加散射校正、变量标准化、一阶导数和二阶导数处理,建立了反刍动物饲料中总磷的预测模型。附加散射校正和二阶导数处理定标效果最优。定标集化学分析值与预测值之间的决定系数(R2)和标准差(RM-SEC)分别为0.9426和0.0347,相对分析误差为4.32;验证集化学分析值与预测值之间的决定系数(r2)和标准差(RMSEP)分别为0.9321和0.0359,相对分析误差为3.93。结果表明,利用近红外光谱反射分析技术可以定量检测反刍动物饲料中总磷的含量。 相似文献
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为了探讨利用近红外漫反射光谱技术(NIDRS)快速定量分析饲料添加剂L-赖氨酸硫酸盐中L-赖氨酸含量的可行性,本试验在全国范围内收集了具有代表性的L-赖氨酸硫酸盐添加剂76个,采用国家标准方法对样品中的L-赖氨酸含量进行化学赋值;用光栅型近红外光谱仪扫描L-赖氨酸硫酸盐样品,获取了不同物理状态下样品的近红外光谱图。依据L-赖氨酸含量将样品分为定标集和验证集,运用适当的光谱预处理方法,采用竞争性自适应重加权(CARS)算法结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了L-赖氨酸硫酸盐的近红外定标分析模型,并将该模型与全波长模型进行了比较。结果表明:用烘干、60目粉碎后的样品结合CARS算法建立的定标模型最优,定标集校正决定系数(R2C)为0.954,校正集标准偏差(SEC)为0.510,交互验证标准偏差(SECV)为0.659;验证集预测决定系数(R2P)为0.952,预测标准偏差(SEP)为0.554,相对分析误差(RPD)值为3.83。由此可见,NIDRS定量分析L-赖氨酸硫酸盐具有一定可行性,对于丰富我国氨基酸盐及其他氨基酸制品的快速检测方法具有实际的应用意义。 相似文献
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本试验旨在实测不同来源小麦的肉鸭表观代谢能(AME),并利用近红外光谱分析技术(NIRS)构建其预测模型。选用1周龄的樱桃谷肉鸭410只,随机分为41个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复2只肉鸭,各处理肉鸭分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和40种小麦替代饲粮(含20%小麦)。用套算法计算小麦的AME,然后利用NIRS建立小麦AME的预测模型。结果表明,不同来源小麦的肉鸭AME为11.03~14.34 MJ/kg,变异系数为5.58%;小麦AME与粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与粗脂肪含量(EE)呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。小麦AME的预测模型的定标决定系数、定标标准差和交叉验证相对标准差分别为0.85、0.187 MJ/kg和1.70%;外部验证决定系数、外部验证相对标准差和外部验证相对分析误差分别为0.89、1.46%和3.23%。由此可见,不同来源小麦肉鸭AM E和化学成分含量存在差异,其AM E的变异与其化学成分相关,应用NIRS预测小麦的肉鸭AM E的结果"良好"。 相似文献
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为探索NIRS技术在测定燕麦(Avena sative)干草品质上的应用,试验于2020—2021年收集了249份不同品种、年限和生长时期的燕麦干草,通过WinISI III定标软件建立燕麦干草主要营养成分的近红外光谱模型。结果显示：粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和粗脂肪(EE)预测模型的定标系数(RSQ)和外部验证决定系数(RSQv)均在0.83以上,校正标准误(SEC)、交叉验证误差(SECV)和预测标准误差(RMSEP)均小于0.02,相对标准误差(RPD)均大于3,预测值逼近化学分析的精度具有良好的预测效果。酸性洗涤纤维含量(ADF)建模效果较差,定标系数和外部验证决定系数分别为0.83和0.84,校正标准误(SEC)、交叉验证误差(SECV)和预测标准误差(RMSEP)均小于0.01,接近化学分析精度,且RPD大于2.50。因此,所建ADF模型也可用于近红外预测。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2020,(3)
本研究旨在探讨利用近红外光谱技术评估高粱中粗蛋白质、水分含量的可行性。以收集的110份高粱样品作为研究对象,采用GB/T 6432—1994、GB/T 6435—2014中方法分别对粗蛋白质、水分含量进行测定,利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集样品的近红外漫反射光谱,光谱扫描范围4 000～12 800 cm~(-1),分辨率16 cm~(-1),样品重复装样扫描4次,每次扫描64次获得平均光谱,取4次扫描光谱作为样本的原始光谱。分别选取矢量归一化、最小-最大归一化、一阶导数、二阶导数、多元散射校正、一阶导数+减去一条直线、一阶导数+矢量归一化、一阶导数+多元散射校正探索适用于高粱中粗蛋白质、水分含量的光谱预处理方法。利用定标集样品光谱数据,采用偏最小二乘方法结合全交互验证手段来防止过拟合现象,建立定标模型。在此基础上,利用定标决定系数、定标均分根误差、定标相对分析误差、交互验证决定系数、交互验证均方根误差、交互验证相对分析误差确定最优模型。结果显示:粗蛋白质含量扫描光谱采用一阶导数+多元散射校正光谱预处理,光谱范围为9 401.9～5 443.6 cm~(-1)与4 603.0～4 243.9 cm~(-1)。水分含量扫描光谱采用一阶导数+减去一条直线,光谱范围为7 500. 3～6 096. 5 cm~(-1)与5 451. 8～4 243.9 cm~(-1)。高粱中粗蛋白质、水分含量的近红外光谱预测模型定标相对分析误差分别为8.41、12.20;交互验证相对分析误差分别为4.97、7.97;外部验证相对分析误差分别为3.32、5.36。由结果可知,本研究建立的高粱中粗蛋白质和水分含量的近红外光谱预测模型的相对分析误差均大于评估值,具有精确地评估高粱中粗蛋白质和水分含量的应用效果。 相似文献
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为实现玉米DDGS营养指标的快速检测,本实验采用傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术,建立玉米DDGS水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和氨基酸定量分析模型。收集全国范围内230个玉米DDGS样品,随机分为215个校正样品和15个验证样品,通过对不同组分独立进行光谱的预处理、交互检验计算和优化定标,得到的水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪定标方程决定系数R~2均在0.9以上,交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)在0.30以内,相对分析误差RPD>3;粗灰分R~2为0.81,RMSECV为0.12,RPD为2.3,盲样验证结果均满足GB/T 18868要求,模型均有较好的准确性和稳定性;氨基酸组分建模和验证效果也较好。结果表明,采用傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术能够实现对玉米DDGS的快速检测。 相似文献
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《四川草原》2019,(6)
为了对虉草体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)进行快速、简便、准确的分析和测定,本研究利用近红外光谱技术,结合化学计量学方法建立近红外校正模型,并通过外部验证对模型的实际预测能力进行评价并筛选最佳模型。结果表明,采用5 000～7144cm~(-1)和7 404～10 000cm~(-1)的建模光谱波段、mf光谱预处理方法、10/1～9的初/次级主成分数和偏最小二乘法(PLS)所建的模型为最佳模型,其校正决定系数(R2 cal)和验证决定系数(R2 val)分别为0. 9552和0. 9572,校正标准差(SEC)和验证标准差(SEP)分别为1. 9907和2. 0512,残差BIAS为0. 0829,预测相关系数(r)为0. 9784。由此可见,NIRS技术可用于虉草IVDMD的实际测定,模型预测效果良好。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(7)
本研究旨在探讨近红外光谱(NIRS)技术在定量分析高寒草原天然牧草营养品质的可行性。试验于2015—2018年,每年6—9月份,从青藏高原高寒草原放牧研究样地收集不同放牧强度(0、3.6、5.3、7.6只/hm2)的混合和4个优势种(莎草科矮生嵩草、蓼科珠芽蓼、蔷薇科金露梅和豆科锦鸡儿)牧草样品共计1 280份,随机分为定标样品集(n=854)和预测样品集(n=426),建立天然牧草干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗蛋白质(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量及体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)和估算代谢能(EME)营养品质近红外光谱(NIRS)预测模型,实现天然牧草营养品质的快速和准确评估。结果显示:牧草DM、CP、EE、ADF、NDF含量及IVDMD和ME变异较大;DM、CP、ADF、NDF含量及IVDMD和EME的NIRS预测模型的验证决定系数(R2CV)为0.992～0.999,外部验证相对分析误差(RPD)为3.82～5.97,取得了最佳的定标效果,且定标方程均具较好的预测能力,能够成功应用于日常分析。EE含量的NIRS预测模型的R2CV为0.837,外部RPD为2.30,定标效果不理想,定标模型虽不能用于准确的定量分析测定,但仍能应用于牧草EE含量的粗略测定。综上所述,本研究建立的高寒草原天然牧草DM、CP、ADF、NDF含量及IVDMD和EME的NIRS预测模型能够成功应用于日常分析。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献