共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 92 毫秒
1.
马英 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2010,40(4):24-25
目的：了解青海省玉树州啮齿动物的种类与分布。方法：整理收藏的动物标本,查阅资料,采用鼠夹法调查。结果：玉树州有啮齿动物2目5科10属17种。结论：该州喜马拉雅旱獭、根田鼠、松田鼠、小家鼠、高原鼢鼠、长尾仓鼠、高原鼠兔、灰尾兔等啮齿动物为常见种。 相似文献
2.
研究啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征不仅可以了解高寒草甸环境变化下物种的食性适应特征,还可探讨多种啮齿动物的种间关系。本研究采用粪便显微组织观察法,分析了甘南草原高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）、高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）和喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）3种啮齿动物的食性及营养生态位特征。结果发现：3种啮齿动物所采食的植物种类基本相同,但其比例各异;高原鼢鼠所采食的植物主要是珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum）和鹅绒委陵菜（Potentilla anserina）等杂类草,且对莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物的采食量显著高于其它两种动物,高原鼠兔主要采食禾本科（Poaceae）植物,喜马拉雅旱獭则主要采食禾本科和菊科（Asteraceae）植物;营养生态位宽度依次为喜马拉雅旱獭>高原鼢鼠>高原鼠兔,其中高原鼠兔与喜马拉雅旱獭的营养生态位重叠最大（0.52）。3种啮齿动物在食物上存在分化,营养生态位分离,是其共存的重要原因。 相似文献
3.
4.
3种鼢鼠线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用PCR 产物直接测序法测定了3种鼢鼠Mospalax spp.18个个体的线粒体控制区(Control region)核苷酸全序列,并进行了结构分析。通过与仓鼠亚科其他啮齿动物的控制区序列进行比较,将鼢鼠的控制区分为终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区3个区域。同时识别了鼢鼠中一系列保守序列,并给出了它们的一般形式。选用普通田鼠Microtus rossiaemeridionalis、褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus、小家鼠Mus musculus、鼹鼠Nannospalax ehrenbergi为外类群,采用NJ和UPGMA法构建分子系统发育树。结果显示：鼢鼠中控制区基因适于系统发育分析,根据分子系统学、形态学的结果初步认为高原鼢鼠M.baileyi和甘肃鼢鼠M.cansus达到了种级地位。 相似文献
5.
本试验首次研究了小鼠隐藏管状线虫及四翼无刺线虫在线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）脱氢酶亚单位5基因（nad5）部分序列（pnad5）的种间及种内变异。通过对甘肃兰州地区实验小鼠体内分离的蛲虫样品（LY1-20、LS1-22） nad5基因pnad5进行PCR扩增、克隆及测序分析,研究其遗传变异情况。结果表明,获得隐藏管状线虫pnad5有效序列753 bp,通过序列比对发现来自LY和LS 2家实验动物中心的22个隐藏管状线虫样品之间只存在3个碱基的差异,序列相似性99.60%。获得四翼无刺线虫pnad5有效序列865 bp,2大动物中心20个四翼无刺线虫样品之间没有碱基的差异,序列相似性100%。用软件ClustalX 1.83截取2种鼠蛲虫nad5基因长度共同的序列,通过比对发现2种鼠蛲虫种间差异为53.64%,种间差异显著。研究结果表明,线粒体nad5基因在鼠蛲虫种内相对保守,但种间有着较高的突变率,可作为鼠蛲虫种间鉴定、诊断的遗传标记。 相似文献
6.
作者旨在克隆鸭GHSR基因mRNA部分编码区序列,并筛查克隆序列中的变异位点。采用RT-PCR法从巢湖鸭下丘脑组织中分离家鸭GHSR基因mRNA中编码区核酸序列,并选用30个个体cDNA,通过构建cDNA池对克隆编码区的序列变异测序检测。结果表明,克隆鸭GHSR基因mRNA部分编码区核酸序列长635 bp(GenBank登录号:EU005225),编码211个氨基酸,与鸡GHSR基因同源核酸相似性达到94%,氨基酸相似性为97%;cDNA池测序检测揭示克隆区段存在3个碱基变异位点,均为同义突变,未使编码氨基酸发生改变。克隆鸭GHSR基因mRNA编码区核酸、氨基酸序列与鸡同源序列的相似性,以及克隆核酸序列的变异检测结果表明,鸭GHSR基因在序列和功能上具有很高的保守性。 相似文献
7.
青海省草地鼠害防治及今后设想 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
青海省草地害鼠约三十余种 ,常见的有高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠、高原田鼠、长尾仓鼠、五趾跳鼠等五种。危害面积达 736.1 9× 1 0 4 hm2 ,青南是主要的害鼠区 ,占总面积的 78.98%。由于鼠害的挖掘和啃食 ,致使优良牧草减少 ,水土流失加剧 ,形成了大面积的次生裸地和寸草不生的“黑土滩”。从 1 958年开始 ,四十多年来 ,全省累计灭鼠 2 80 7.86× 1 0 4 hm2 ,挽回牧草损失达 1 47.4× 1 0 4 kg,有效地控制了鼠害的危害和蔓延 相似文献
8.
9.
鼢鼠亚科动物中凸颅亚属鼢鼠的物种界限一直不清楚。研究测定了甘肃境内鼢鼠类线粒体DNA D-loop和ND4基因序列,获得了23条长度为414～424 bp的D-loop和17条长度为425～438 bp的ND4基因同源序列,通过其序列分异、遗传距离和系统发育分析,探讨该类群的分类学地位。结果表明:凸颅亚属鼢鼠序列间变异类型丰富,单倍型多样度高,其种间遗传距离大于种内遗传距离;基于邻接法(NJ)、贝叶斯推论法(BI)和最大似然法(ML)构建的分子系统树显示:甘肃鼢鼠、高原鼢鼠、斯氏鼢鼠、秦岭鼢鼠均各自构成单系,并构成2个进化枝,其中甘肃鼢鼠最为原始,单独构成一枝;高原鼢鼠与斯氏鼢鼠为姐妹群,处于较进化的位置,后与秦岭鼢鼠聚在一起构成另一枝,支持4个种均为独立种的观点。 相似文献
10.
应用间接血凝试验(IHA),对青海省部分地区的藏獒、喜马拉雅旱獭、高原鼠兔及中华鼢鼠的311份血清样品,进行弓形虫特异性抗体的检测。结果检出33份阳性血清,阳性率为10.61%。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献