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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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应用气味丰容减少圈养华南虎（Panthera tigris amoyensis）的刻板行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2012年3～7月,对上海动物园2只雄性华南虎的刻板行为特征进行总结和分析,并开展同种其他个体的气味丰容,旨在减少圈养华南虎的刻板行为.华南虎的刻板行为主要出现在外展区4个区域,分别位于外展区的水池边、饲料投喂口、动物串门,室内笼舍.主要表现为重复性踱步,整体形状为“8”字形或者直线;华南虎的刻板行为主要发生于早晨（7：00～8：00）、傍晚（16：00～18：00）.气味丰容前后,华南虎的昼间行为的整体分配出现显著性差异（P＜0.05）,其中刻板行为的发生频率显著降低（P＜0.05）;活动行为的发生频率显著提升（P＜0.05）,标记行为显著增加（P＜0.05）;站立行为、卧息行为及睡眠行为减少,其他行为（如嗅闻和探索）增加,但均无显著差异（P＞0.05）. 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨日粮中添加硫辛酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹, 随机分为3组,分别为:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加12.5、25 g/(d·匹)的硫辛酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验组马匹血液.结果表明,无论是赛后0 min还是赛后20 min,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组测得的心率均极显著低于对照组(P <0.01);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马血浆中GSH-Px活力比对照组高44.30%(P <0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中SOD活力、T-AOC大小分别比对照组高42.33%(P <0.01)、44.72%(P <0.01)和77.41%(P >0.05)、68.62%(P >0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中MDA浓度比对照组低41.09%(P <0.05)、23.48%(P >0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中NEFA浓度与对照组相比有升高的趋势(P >0.05).在饲料中添加硫辛酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理指标的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加12.5 g/(d·匹)硫辛酸组效果较佳. 相似文献
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选用35周龄伊莎蛋鸡8只,分别安装慢性颈静脉血管插管.实验采用自身对照法,对照期饲喂基础日粮,丙谷胺期在喂料前填喂丙谷胺.应用摄食行为计算机监测系统(FIDAS系统)记录各个实验期产蛋鸡喂料后4h内的采食行为数据,并测定有关血液生化指标.结果显示,实验期(填喂丙谷胺后)与对照期相比较,产蛋鸡午前(8:00～12:00)与午后(13:00～17:00)4 h内摄食量分别增加27.69%与30.41%(P＜0.05),摄食时间分别降低15.67%与3.75%,摄食餐数分别增加12.32%与27.2%(P＜0.05);血糖水平分别降低5.44%与18.03%(P＜0.01),瘦素水平分别升高2.59%与7.19%,胰岛素水平分别升高33.09%(P＜0.05)与24.5%(P＜0.05).提示丙谷胺能够促进蛋鸡摄食,并影响有关内分泌激素的水平. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究党参复方添加剂对健身骑乘用的运动马血清生化指标的影响。将60匹健康的运动马随机分为4组,分别在基础精料中添加0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的中药添加剂,饲养60 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,添加1.0%党参复方添加剂,运动马血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和血清肌酸激酶(CK)含量显著降低(P<0.05);血清葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLOB)含量显著增加(P<0.05),白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。添加1.5%党参复方添加剂,显著增加ALB和GLOB的含量(P<0.05),降低A/G值;ALT、AST活性显著增强(P<0.05)。研究表明,与其他组相比,添加1.0%党参复方添加剂对提高运动马的免疫力效果较好。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2021,42(6)
为了研究中草药补气血、保肝肾方剂对孕马血液指标的影响,对13匹怀孕母马分别在怀孕第120 d、180 d、240 d和300 d进行为期4个疗程的拌料混合饲喂补气血、保肝肾中草药方剂,并在每次用药前、后采集血液,检测血液常规指标、生理生化指标及孕酮、雌激素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的水平。生化结果显示,血清白蛋白(ALB)、直接胆红素(D.Bili)、总蛋白(TP)和胆固醇(CHOL)均有显著变化(P0.05或P0.01),但均在正常范围内,其余生化指标无显著性(P0.05)。第2疗程(180 d)后孕马雌激素显著高于疗程前(P0.05),第4疗程(300 d)后孕马雌激素显著低于疗程前(P0.05),其余指标孕酮、IGF-I及IFN-γ均无显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明,该中草药方剂对孕马肝肾功能无损伤,可以适应性调节激素水平,能够有效调节孕马血液生理及激素水平的变化,防治孕马流产,为马匹健康繁殖保驾护航。 相似文献
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应用电针刺激迷走交感神经干(简称电针迷交干)治疗马骡咽气癖过程中,发现有兴奋胃肠蠕动,引起肠音增高的现象。在这种现象的启发下,治愈1例小结肠便秘病马,又进行了8匹马骡安全实验,未发现不良反 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2020,(5)
为研究饲粮中添加肌酸对焉耆马运动性能及血液代谢指标的影响,试验选择7～9岁、体况及运动成绩相近的焉耆马16匹,随机分为4组。对照组饲喂干牧草和精料,试验1、2、3组在对照组饲粮的基础上分别在精料中添加1.0%、2.0%、3.0%的肌酸,饲喂30 d后进行模拟比赛(20 km)。结果显示:试验组竞赛时间、赛后心率较对照组有降低趋势,但未达显著水平(P 0.05)。相比于对照组,试验1、2、3组焉耆马竞赛时间分别缩短3.8%、6.3%、4.2%(P0.05),赛后0 min心率分别下降5.5%、10.1%、9.3%(P 0.05),赛后20 min心率分别下降7.4%、8.8%、8.5%(P0.05)。相比于对照组,试验1、2、3组焉耆马血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)分别升高12.4%、14.2%、10.5%(P 0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别升高8.7%、12.9%、10.8%(P 0.05),丙二醛(MDA)浓度分别降低8.8%、12.4%、12.1%(P0.05),氨态氮浓度分别降低7.7%、15.4%、11.5%(P 0.05),除此之外,试验1、2组血浆中肌酐浓度分别增加9.6%、12.3%(P 0.05),试验2、3组血浆中五羟色胺浓度分别降低8.4%、7.7%(P 0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加肌酸在一定程度上能提高焉耆马20 km竞赛成绩,显著提高竞赛30 min后血浆抗氧化能力以及缓解疲劳的能力,添加量为2.0%时效果最好。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献