共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 61 毫秒
1.
《农产品加工．学刊》2015,(21)
采用溶剂浸提法提取紫甘薯花色苷,通过自由基体系研究其抗氧化性,并与抗坏血酸(VC)进行了比较。结果表明,紫甘薯花色苷对O2-·,DPPH·和HO·3种自由基均有一定的清除能力,且质量浓度不同作用效果就不同。在低质量浓度(1.0 mg/m L)范围内,紫甘薯花色苷抗氧化能力很弱,而VC在低质量浓度范围对DPPH·和HO·的清除率也很高;随着质量浓度的增加,紫甘薯花色苷的抗氧化能力逐渐增强,对3种自由基的最高清除率分别为39.06%,80.9%和56.3%,VC的最高清除率分别为72.75%,97.05%和81.51%,表明紫甘薯花色苷粗提取物对这3种自由基的清除率均低于相同质量浓度的VC。 相似文献
2.
以菊芋叶为原料,以料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率为考察因素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面设计优化菊芋叶多酚的提取工艺,并探究菊芋叶多酚的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明,菊芋叶多酚的最佳提取条件为:料液比1:20(g/mL),乙醇浓度50％,超声时间50 min,超声波功率500 W,在该条件下多酚得率为31.923 mg/g.抗氧化试验表明:菊芋叶多酚具有明显的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)有较好的清除能力;与VC的抗氧化活性相比,菊芋叶多酚对O2·的清除作用明显高于VC. 相似文献
3.
《农产品加工．学刊》2017,(2)
以薏苡仁为原料,研究薏苡仁多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O_2·)、羟基自由基(·OH)及DPPH自由基的抗氧化清除能力。将VC的抗氧化能力作为参照,研究多糖质量浓度与抗氧化能力的关系。结果表明,当质量浓度为5 mg/m L时,对超氧阴离子自由基(O_2·)、羟基自由基(·OH)以及DPPH自由基的抗氧化清除能力分别为44.81%,10.12%,29.25%,且随着薏苡仁多糖质量浓度的增加其抗氧化能力越强。 相似文献
4.
旨在优化‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷提取工艺,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。采用溶剂浸提法提取‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷,通过单因素试验和正交试验,分析浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和提取次数对花色苷提取率的影响,确定提取‘紫加1号’花色苷的最佳工艺。通过水杨酸法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DPPH法对‘紫加1号’花色苷的体外抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,花色苷最佳提取工艺为浸提温度50℃、浸提时间2.5 h、料液比为1:100 g/mL、乙醇浓度为55%、提取2次,此条件下得率为62.34 mg/100g,接近实际值56.23 mg/100g,说明结果准确可靠。同时,‘紫加1号’花色苷对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧基自由基(O2-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH)有明显的清除作用,半数抑制浓度(IC50)依次为0.488 mg/mL、0.764 mg/mL和0.032 mg/mL。该法能够有效提取‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷,且获得的花色苷具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。 相似文献
5.
对紫甘薯原料进行蒸汽爆破预处理,采用溶剂提取法制备紫甘薯花色苷并采用大孔树脂进行纯化,全波长扫描结果表明,蒸汽爆破处理后紫甘薯花色苷的最大吸收波长由531 nm变为527 nm。高效液相色谱检测结果表明,对爆破和未爆破处理的紫甘薯提取所得的均为花色苷,但各组分的相对含量不同。紫甘薯花色苷的体外抗氧化试验结果表明,一定范围内花色苷的抗氧化性与质量浓度呈正比。蒸汽爆破预处理后,紫甘薯花色苷的DPPH自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力有一定的提升,而还原力基本不变。采用牛津杯法检测紫甘薯花色苷的抑菌性,结果表明紫甘薯花色苷对于金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌均具有较强的抑制作用,其最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)分别为0.125,0.25,0.25,0.062 5 mg/mL。 相似文献
6.
7.
《农产品加工．学刊》2021,(19)
研究不同溶剂对高粱米糠提取物含量及抗氧化活性的影响。以80%的乙醇、甲醇、丙酮为溶剂在60℃水浴条件下分别提取高粱米糠提取物,并对所得提取物进行体外抗氧化活性评价。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,其抗氧化活性与体积分数呈正相关;3个品种对Fe3+的还原能力、OH自由基及DPPH自由基的清除能力为乙醇甲醇丙酮。 相似文献
8.
为了进一步分析葡萄所含花色苷种类及功能,为相关研究者花色苷提纯鉴定及功能性研究等提供思路,本研究系统总结了葡萄花色苷提纯、定性定量鉴定及抗氧化作用,发现葡萄花色苷资源丰富,具有很强的抑制氧化修饰作用,可以从根本上清除DPPH、O2-·、·OH、H2O2等活性自由基,同时,对脂质过氧化有较好的抑制作用,部分种类可以有效减少动脉粥样硬化、心脑血管疾病、肝脏损伤、急性肺损伤等疾病的发生。而在提纯方式方面,得出超声波辅助溶剂提取法具有提取率高、时间短、能耗小等优点,提取工艺具有广阔的应用前景;HPLC-MS法是葡萄花色苷定性鉴定中使用最广泛的分析方法,可以准确检测出葡萄中所含花色苷的种类、含量和比例。因此,建议在提纯鉴定过程中要综合联用溶剂提取、超声波辅助溶剂提取、酶法提纯、HPLC-MS法等提纯鉴定方法。 相似文献
9.
藤三七总黄酮的超声波辅助提取及其抗氧化性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以藤三七为原料,采用超声波辅助提取总黄酮,利用正交试验优化其提取工艺,并从清除羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的能力3个角度评价其抗氧化性。结果表明,超声波辅助提取藤三七总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数80%,液料比40∶1(m L/g),超声时间60 min,超声温度40℃。在该条件下,总黄酮平均提取率为18.51%。超声波辅助提取的总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化性,对·OH、DPPH·、O2-·清除作用明显,且其质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈量效关系,是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
10.
研究了3种不同溶剂体系提取菜籽饼中植酸粗提液的体外抗氧化性能力。通过Fenton反应体系产生羟自由基(.OH),由连苯三酚在碱性溶液中自氧化反应产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.);用分光光度法检测3种植酸粗提液的还原能力及对.OH、O2-.和DPPH.的清除作用。结果表明,3种溶剂提取得到的植酸粗提液都具有还原能力;对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基也有一定的清除能力。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
16.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus. 相似文献
20.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献