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盐胁迫是影响植物生长、发育以至产量的重要因素,野生大豆是优良的非生物胁迫抗性材料,是天然的优质抗性基因库。本研究以耐盐东北野生大豆为试材,利用东北农业大学植物生物工程研究室已获得的基因芯片杂交结果,对植物生物工程研究室构建的野生大豆盐胁迫EST数据库中各EST在胁迫下的表达情况进行了分析,从中选出了1个在高盐、低温、干旱胁迫早期均上调表达的3′-EST,序列分析表明该EST编码质膜结合蛋白(plasma membrane intrinsic protein, PIP),属于主嵌入蛋白(major intrinsic protein, MIP)家族;通过电子克隆和改进的5′-RACE获得了基因完整的编码区;其翻译产物与含羞草质膜结合蛋白的相似性为90%,将该基因命名为GsPIP。GsPIP基因的翻译产物具有主嵌入蛋白家族特征性的跨膜结构域,无信号肽,与已发现的植物PIP蛋白一致。本研究获得的基因具有自主知识产权,通过进一步的功能分析,可为耐渗透胁迫基因工程研究提供基因资源,并为植物耐渗透胁迫机理研究提供依据。 相似文献
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人工改造野生大豆GsDREB2基因对植物耐盐和耐渗透胁迫能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein)转录因子是一个干旱应答元件的结合蛋白,它能特异结合启动子中含有DRE/CRT顺式元件,激活逆境诱导基因的表达,调控植物对干旱、低温、高盐、高温等胁迫的耐逆性。大量研究表明DREB转录因子在信号传导、作用机理及基因表达方面存在复杂性。为了野生大豆来源GsDREB2基因能更有效地发挥功能,人工突变该基因的负向调节结构域(negative regulatory domain, NRD,140~204),经改造命名为GsDREB2-mNRD。在酵母中比较全长基因(FLDREB2)和GsDREB2-mNRD转录激活和与DRE元件结合的能力,并验证GsDREB2-mNRD核定位情况。分别将FLDREB2和GsDREB2-mNRD转化拟南芥,通过拟南芥幼苗期盐胁迫和渗透胁迫试验,比较GsDREB2-mNRD和FLDREB2在提高植物耐盐和渗透胁迫方面的差异。结果表明,GsDREB2基因内部存在着负向调节结构域(NRD),抑制了GsDREB2转录激活功能和DRE元件结合的特性;经改造的GsDREB2基因依然能定位在细胞核;超量表达GsDREB2-mNRD基因的拟南芥耐盐和渗透胁迫能力明显强于非转基因对照,也高于FLDREB2基因超表达的拟南芥;野生大豆来源的GsDREB2基因NRD结构域的缺失可增强该基因在植物耐盐、渗透胁迫等逆境胁迫下的功能。 相似文献
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高等植物适应盐逆境研究进展 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
土壤盐碱化已经成为制约农作物生长及产量的重要因子之一,寻求将盐碱化对植物的危害降低到最小程度的策略势在必行。关于植物对盐逆境适应能力的研究已成为全球关注的热点, 如何提高植物的耐盐能力也已成为研究的重中之重。深入探究高等植物适应盐逆境的机制,有助于提高植物耐盐性,增加作物产量和保护生态环境。本文就高等植物适应盐逆境的重点研究进展,综述了盐胁迫对植物的危害;植物耐盐的生理机制,包括渗透调节、营养元素平衡和增强抗氧化胁迫等;植物耐盐相关基因研究进展,包括离子转运蛋白基因、渗透调节相关基因、信号传导相关基因和细胞抗氧化相关基因等;提高植物耐盐性的途径。最后针对今后植物适应盐逆境方面的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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脱水应答元件结合蛋白(DREB)在植物响应盐和干旱胁迫中发挥重要作用.为研究DREB在耐盐碱耐干旱的先锋植物四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)中的功能及其应用前景,本研究设计了一对简并引物,通过PCR扩增和RACE法克隆得到四翅滨藜DREB转录因子编码基因AcDREB2.该基因cDNA全长为867 bp,共编码242个氨基酸.序列BLAST比对与同源性分析结果表明,该基因与其他植物的DREB具有较高的同源性.利用RT-PCR方法进行表达模式分析发现,AcDREB2在四翅滨藜叶中高丰度表达,且其表达受NaCl和渗透胁迫处理的快速诱导,表明AcDREB2参与了四翅滨藜的抗逆响应. 相似文献
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羊草是我国重要的牧草和生态草资源,具有耐盐碱、耐旱、耐低温等特性,是天然的抗逆基因资源库.CBF/DREB属于AP2转录因子家族,在植物抗逆中发挥着重要作用.本研究克隆得到羊草LcCBF6(Leymus chinensis C-repeat binding factor 6)基因,该基因含有AP2结构域,编码245个氨基酸.氨基酸序列比对发现,LcCBF6与蒙古冰草和黑麦的CBF6蛋白的同源性分别为92％和91％.组织特异性表达模式分析表明,LcCBF6基因在羊草根、叶、种子中均有表达,且受盐胁迫诱导表达.过表达LcCBF6能显著提高转基因拟南芥的抗盐性.在盐胁迫条件下,转基因株系的绿色子叶数、根长、植株生物量以及存活率等均明显高于野生型.上述结果表明羊草LcCBF6基因在提高植物盐胁迫抗性方面发挥了重要的作用,将为牧草及重要农作物抗逆分子育种提供优异的基因资源. 相似文献
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采用RACE技术以一段紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)盐诱导基因的EST(expressed sequence tag)序列为模板设计引物克隆此基因的全长序列.序列分析结果表明,该基因全长1551 bp,包含一个1230 bp的最大开放阅读框,编码409个氨基酸,包含3个RNA结合蛋白结构域(RRM domain),命名为MsRBP(GenBank accession No.JN986878.1).亚细胞定位分析表明此基因编码蛋白定位于细胞核.经同源比对和进化树分析,MsRBP基因编码的氨基酸序列与截形苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)、大豆(Gl ycine max)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)等物种中的某些RNA结合蛋白的氨基酸序列具有很高的相似性.RT-PCR (Real-time PCR)分析结果表明,在NaCl,ABA和PEG胁迫下MsRBP基因的表达水平均上调,推测该基因可能在紫花苜蓿逆境胁迫调控中发挥重要作用.经构建植物超表达载体pBI21-MsRBP,采用农杆菌介导法对烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)进行遗传转化,获得了抗性转化再生植株.通过PCR,RT-PCR及GUS组织化学染色分析表明:MsRBP基因在烟草的基因组中能够进行转录和表达.本研究为该基因的功能鉴定与调控机制研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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盐胁迫应答基因GmWRKY6的克隆及转基因百脉根的抗盐分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据大豆盐胁迫RNA-Seq数据,筛选并克隆得到1个大豆WRKY类转录因子GmWRKY6基因。序列分析表明,该基因含有1个1674bp的开放阅读框,编码557个AA,编码蛋白属于IIb类WRKY家族成员,含有1个WRKY保守结构域和1个C2H2锌指结构基序。基因表达模式分析表明,GmWRKY6基因在大豆根中表达量较高,并且该基因受盐胁迫诱导表达。构建GmWRKY6基因的植物超表达载体,获得7株T0代阳性转GmWRKY6基因百脉根。进一步对T1代转基因株系进行抗盐分析发现,在200mmol·L-1 NaCl处理14d后转基因株系生长状态良好,而野生型对照生长矮小,叶片干枯。此外,对相关生理指标的测定发现,转基因株系叶片中脯氨酸和叶绿素含量显著高于野生型对照,而丙二醛含量和相对质膜透性显著低于野生型对照。此外,盐胁迫下转基因百脉根叶片中钠离子含量显著低于对照,而钾离子含量显著高于对照。以上结果表明大豆GmWRKY6基因的超表达能够显著增强百脉根的抗盐能力。 相似文献
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本研究基于实验室前期野生大豆碱胁迫转录组数据,筛选出一个碱胁迫下上调表达的假定蛋白基因,暂命名为GsARHP(alkali stress related hypothetical protein gene)。首先利用Real-time PCR方法验证了GsARHP基因受碱胁迫诱导表达。生物信息学分析表明,该基因编码一个含有130个氨基酸的亲水蛋白,含有信号肽但无跨膜结构域;构建了GsARHP植物超量表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的子叶节侵染法转化肇东紫花苜蓿,通过PCR,Southern Blot和RT-PCR方法检测获得了3个超量表达GsARHP基因的转基因株系,并对其耐碱性进行了分析。结果表明,在0,100和150 mmol/L NaHCO3处理14 d后,非转基因株系明显萎蔫、黄化甚至死亡,而转基因株系则长势良好;进一步分析其生理指标显示,相对质膜透性与丙二醛含量均显著低于非转基因株系(P<0.01),而叶绿素含量与CAT活性显著高于非转基因株系(P<0.01),说明GsARHP基因的超量表达可以增强紫花苜蓿的耐碱能力。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献