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1.
25-羟胆钙化醇与维生素D_3对北京鸭生产性能和骨骼发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用2 160羽1日龄北京鸭,按4×3两因素设计随机分成12个处理,每处理6个重复;分别饲喂不同水平的25-羟胆钙化醇(25-OH-D3)(0、35、70、105μg/kg)与维生素D3(2 500、3 000、3 500 IU/kg)的日粮,探讨25-OH-D3在肉鸭日粮中的使用效果。结果表明:不同水平25-OH-D3对北京鸭生产性能没有显著影响;添加105μg/kg较35、70μg/kg显著降低45日龄北京鸭胸肌率(P<0.05);70、105μg/kg 25-OH-D3较35μg/kg显著提高了胫骨磷含量(P<0.05)。添加3 500、3 000 IU/kg维生素D3较2 500 IU/kg显著提高15～35日龄北京鸭日增重(P<0.05);添加3 500 IU/kg维生素D3较3 000、2 500 IU/kg显著提高14、45日龄胫骨钙含量(P<0.05)。25-OH-D3和维生素D3对14日龄胫骨中钙、磷含量和45日龄胫骨磷含量分别存在极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)地交互作用。综合本试验可得出,北京鸭日粮中添加3 000 IU/kg维生素D3和70μg/kg 25-OH-D3效果最佳。 相似文献
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维生素A、D对肉鸡钙、磷代谢的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本试验旨在研究维生素A、D对肉鸡钙、磷代谢的影响。采用4×4完全随机试验设计,将384只8日龄健康艾维茵雄性肉鸡称重后随机分为16个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只。其中,VA设4个添加水平,分别为1500、3000、15000和45000IU/kg日粮;VD设4个添加水平,分别为500、1250、2500和5000IU/kg日粮,共构成16个处理组的试验日粮。结果表明:日粮VA水平对肉鸡钙、磷代谢有显著的影响,日粮VA为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡胫骨灰分含量、胫骨矿化度及血清AKP活性相对于1500、3000IU/kgVA组显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),胫骨磷含量显著增加(P<0.05),胫骨钙含量趋于增加(P>0.05);日粮VA水平为15000IU/kg时,胫骨钙含量、血清AKP活性有降低的趋势,胫骨磷含量趋升高。日粮VD水平在500～5000IU/kg范围内,对肉鸡的胫骨灰分含量、胫骨钙、磷含量、胫骨矿化度及血清AKP活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但随着VD添加剂量的增加,血清钙、磷含量呈一次线性增加,胫骨钙含量呈二次曲线上升趋势。日粮VA为15000IU/kg时,肉鸡VA临界过量;日粮VA为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡VA过量。日粮VD水平在500～5000IU/kg范围内,对肉鸡的钙、磷代谢无显著影响。 相似文献
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采用单因子完全随机试验设计研究饲粮维生素D水平对120日龄雌性龙岩麻鸭产蛋性能,血液生化及胫骨指标的影响,进而探讨产蛋初期蛋鸭维生素D需要量。选取1 260只120日龄健康的福建龙岩麻鸭随机分为6个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复35只。各处理组蛋鸭随机饲喂维生素D水平分别为0、800、1 600、2 400、3 200、4 000 IU/kg的试验饲粮。饲养期为21 d。结果表明:维生素D水平对产蛋初期龙岩麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质以及血浆钙、磷含量、碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05),基础饲料上添加维生素D显著降低血浆中甲状旁腺激素的含量(P<0.05),但各添加组间无显著差异(P>0.05),饲粮维生素D含量显著影响胫骨钙、磷及灰分含量(P<0.05),维生素D水平为800 IU/kg时,获得较好的骨骼质量,维生素D水平对胫骨长度、胫骨管围、折断力、骨密度、骨矿物盐含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,龙岩麻鸭产蛋初期饲粮维生素D适宜添加量为800 IU/kg。 相似文献
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试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计研究维生素D对1-21日龄雄性北京鸭生产性能的影响,进而探讨生长前期北京鸭维生素D的需要量.选取360只1日龄健康的Z2系北京鸭随机分为6个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复10只.各处理组北京鸭随机饲喂维生素D水平分别为0、250、500、1000、2000 IU/kg和3000 IU/kg的试验日粮.饲养期为21 d.结果表明:维生素D对生长前期北京鸭日增重、日采食量和料肉比影响均显著(P＜0.05).依据维生素D与日增重和料肉比的相关关系,分别建立折线模型,获得北京鸭生长前期维生素D的需要量分别为1088.7、842.6 IU/kg;建立二次曲线模型,获得北京鸭生长前期维生素D的需要量分别为1303、1236 IU/kg. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究3～6周龄北京鸭适宜钙磷需要量.试验采用4×4二因子完全随机试验设计,4个非植酸磷水平(0.17%、0.25%、0.33%和0.41%),4个钙水平(0.30%、0.48%、0.66%和0.84%).将640只15日龄雄性北京鸭随机分为16个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复10只鸭,试验期为15～42日龄.结果表明:(1)在0.17%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,日增重和采食量显著降低(P<0.05);但是在0.25%、0.33%和0.41%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,日增重和采食量表现出先升高后降低的二次曲线变化趋势.(2)在0.17%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,胫骨灰分和胫骨磷含量显著降低(P<0.05);然而,在0.33%和0.41%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,胫骨灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05),但日粮钙水平对胫骨磷含量未产生显著影响(P>0.05).综合本试验结果,采用二次响应面回归分析表明,以日增重和胫骨磷含量为评价指标,3～6周龄北京鸭钙和非植酸磷适宜需要量分别为0.72%和0.37%、0.66%和0.37%. 相似文献
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旨在探讨饲粮钙和维生素D_3水平在钙磷比固定为1.4/1时对冬毛期蓝狐生产性能、胫骨发育及脏器指数的影响。135只120日龄的蓝狐公狐随机分成9组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只。试验采用3×3双因素试验设计,9组饲粮分别包含3个钙水平0%、0.4%和0.8%,3个维生素D_3水平1 000、2 000和4 000IU·kg~(-1)。基础日粮中钙与维生素D_3水平分别为0.8%与327IU·kg~(-1)。9种饲粮的钙与维生素D_3水平分别为0.8%与1 327IU·kg~(-1)、0.8%与2 327IU·kg~(-1)、0.8%与4 327IU·kg~(-1)、1.2%与1 327IU·kg~(-1)、1.2%与2 327IU·kg~(-1)、1.2%与4 327IU·kg~(-1)、1.6%与1 327IU·kg~(-1)、1.6%与2 327IU·kg~(-1)、1.6%与4 327IU·kg~(-1)。试验期为87d,分别测定蓝狐生长性能指标、胫骨的各组分含量及脏器质量,计算胫骨发育指标及脏器指数。结果表明:1)随着饲粮钙添加水平的增加,蓝狐末重和体长显著降低(P0.05),饲粮钙添加水平为0%时,蓝狐末重和体长最大。维生素D_3水平对蓝狐末重、体长和皮长均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)随着饲粮钙添加水平的增加,蓝狐胫骨钙含量显著提高(P0.05),饲粮钙添加水平为0.8%时,蓝狐胫骨钙含量最高。维生素D_3水平对蓝狐胫骨灰分含量有显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮钙的添加显著降低了心脏和肝脏指数(P0.05)。综合以上指标,在本试验条件下,蓝狐饲粮中添加0%钙、1 000IU·kg~(-1)维生素D_3,饲粮中总钙含量为0.8%,总维生素D_3含量为1 327IU·kg~(-1)时,能够改善蓝狐的生产性能、增加蓝狐的体长、调节胫骨发育和脏器指数。 相似文献
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旨在探讨在钙磷比固定的条件下,饲粮维生素D和钙水平对雄性水貂生产性能、血清生化指标及脏器指数的影响。选取(135±5)日龄健康、体重相近的短毛黑水貂公貂117只,随机分成9组,每组13个重复,每个重复1只。试验采用3×3双因素随机试验设计,饲粮钙磷比固定为1.7,基础饲粮中维生素D水平为2 300IU·kg~(-1),钙水平为2.0%。设3个维生素D添加水平,分别为0、2 000、4 000IU·kg~(-1);3个钙添加水平,分别为0%、0.4%、0.8%,共配制9种试验饲粮。9种饲粮的钙与维生素D水平分别为2.0%与2 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.0%与4 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.0%与6 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.4%与2 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.4%与4 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.4%与6 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.8%与2 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.8%与4 300IU·kg~(-1)、2.8%与6 300IU·kg~(-1)。试验期为60d。分别测定水貂生产性能、血清中氮代谢指标和脂肪代谢指标,并计算脏器指数。结果表明:1)饲粮钙添加水平为0%时,水貂皮长显著增加(P0.05)。维生素D和钙水平对水貂末重、体长和毛皮品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)维生素D添加水平为2 000IU·kg~(-1)时显著提高血清TP浓度(P0.05),显著降低水貂血清TG浓度(P0.05)。钙添加水平为0.8%时,水貂血清HDL浓度显著提高(P0.05)、LDL浓度极显著降低(P0.01)。3)0.8%钙添加水平显著提高水貂心脏指数、肝脏指数、脾脏指数(P0.05),0~2 000IU·kg~(-1)维生素D添加水平极显著提高水貂肾脏指数(P0.01)。综合以上指标,在本试验条件下,得出当水貂饲粮中添加0~2 000IU·kg~(-1)维生素D,总维生素D含量为2 300~4 300IU·kg~(-1)时,能够促进水貂蛋白质代谢,提高水貂肾脏指数;当水貂饲粮中添加0.8%钙、饲粮中总钙含量为2.8%时,能够提高水貂心、肝、脾脏指数。 相似文献
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试验选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡384只称重后随机分为16个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只,试验期为6周,采用4×4(VA×VE)完全随机试验设计,研究了日粮中添加不同水平维生素A(1 500、3 000、15 000和45 000 IU/kg)和维生素E(5、15、150和1 500 IU/kg)对肉鸡骨骼钙磷代谢的影响。结果表明,随日粮维生素A水平的增加,肉鸡的胫骨钙浓度呈显著一次线性降低(P<0.05),血清AKP活性与胫骨磷浓度呈一次线性降低趋势(P<0.10),而且45 000 IU/kg维生素A组的肉鸡血清AKP活性、胫骨的灰分与钙含量均显著降低(P<0.05),胫骨矿化度趋于降低(P<0.10)1;5 000 IU/kg维生素A组的上述各项指标均呈不同程度地降低。随日粮维生素E水平增加,血清钙含量与胫骨矿化度呈显著一次线性增加(P<0.05),胫骨钙含量呈显著的一元二次增加(P<0.05);而且1 500 IU/kg维生素E组的肉鸡胫骨矿化度有显著的增加趋势(P<0.10)。日粮维生素A水平在1 500～45 000 IU/kg范围内,维生素E水平在5～1 500 IU/kg范围内,维生素A、E在肉鸡的钙、磷代谢方面均无明显的互作效应存在。过量的维生素A对肉鸡钙、磷代谢有显著的负面影响,日粮维生素A水平为45 000 IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A过量;日粮维生素A水平为15 000 IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A临界过量。日粮中添加较高剂量的维生素E(1 500 IU/kg),可引起肉鸡骨骼强度呈增加趋势,对肉鸡的钙、磷代谢有一定的促进效果。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医》2018,(11)
本试验旨在研究当日粮钙磷比一定时,维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。随机选取(135±5)日龄、健康雄性水貂117只,分成9组,每组13个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因素随机试验设计,设3个维生素D水平,分别为2 300、4 300、6 300IU/kg;设3个钙水平,分别为2.0%、2.4%、2.8%,钙磷比固定为1.7∶1,配制9组试验日粮,分别为:Ⅰ组(2 300IU/kg维生素D+2.0%钙)、Ⅱ组(4 300IU/kg维生素D+2.0%钙)、Ⅲ组(6 300IU/kg维生素D+2.0%钙)、Ⅳ组(2 300IU/kg维生素D+2.4%钙)、Ⅴ组(4 300IU/kg维生素D+2.4%钙)、Ⅵ组(6 300IU/kg维生素D+2.4%钙)、Ⅶ组(2 300IU/kg维生素D+2.8%钙)、Ⅷ组(4 300IU/kg维生素D+2.8%钙)、Ⅸ组(6 300IU/kg维生素D+2.8%钙)。预试期13d,正试期60d。结果表明:(1)各组水貂料重比差异极显著(P0.01),Ⅱ组最低。钙水平对料重比有显著影响(P0.05),维生素D水平对料重比有极显著影响(P0.01)。(2)钙水平可极显著影响粗脂肪消化率(P0.01),其中2.8%水平极显著低于2.0%和2.4%水平(P0.01)。(3)日粮维生素D和钙水平对水貂氮代谢指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。(4)各组水貂粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率均差异极显著(P0.01),其中Ⅱ组钙消化率、磷消化率最高,Ⅲ组次之。钙水平可极显著影响粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率(P0.01),2.0%水平可极显著降低粪钙、粪磷含量(P0.01),极显著提高钙消化率及磷消化率(P0.01)。维生素D水平对钙消化率影响显著(P0.05),对粪磷、磷消化率影响极显著(P0.01),2 300～4 300IU/kg维生素D水平有利于提高钙消化率、磷消化率,降低粪磷含量。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,日粮中钙磷比为1.7∶1,维生素D水平为2 300～4 300IU/kg、钙水平为2.0%时,冬毛期水貂料重比及钙、磷排放量较低,而粗脂肪、钙、磷消化率较高。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素D3(VD3)对肉仔鸡生长性能及骨磷代谢利用的影响。试验选用480只1日龄艾拔益加肉公雏,采用2×4双因子完全随机设计,设2个饲粮非植酸磷水平[0.45%和0.23%(实测值为0.44%和0.21%)]与4个VD3添加水平(0、1 000、2 000和4 000IU/kg),共8个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期21d。结果表明,与0.21%非植酸磷水平相比,0.44%非植酸磷水平显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷含量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05);与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡ADG、15~21和1~21日龄ADFI、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05),显著降低1~21日龄肉仔鸡F/G(P0.05);0.21%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著降低肉仔鸡死亡率(P0.05),显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05),添加2000IU/kg VD3显著提高14日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05);0.44%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05)。以上结果表明,饲粮中添加VD3可提高肉仔鸡的生长性能并降低死亡率,促进磷在骨骼中的代谢利用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献