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采用80 mg/kg剂量的地塞米松对小鼠进行腹腔注射制备免疫抑制小鼠模型;牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(Taurochenodeoxycholic acid,TCDCA)设计了0.05、0.10、0.20 g/kg低、中、高3个给药剂量对小鼠灌胃给药;检测免疫器官质量,碳粒廓清法检测单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,流式细胞术检测外周血CD4+和CD8+细胞亚群百分率及CD4+与CD8+的比值,ELISA检测血清中IgG的含量.结果显示:模型小鼠和正常小鼠相比较,脾指数、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能、CD4+和CD8+亚群百分率及血清IgG含量均极显著降低(P＜0.01),说明地基米松制备的小鼠模型免疫功能极显著低下.给药组与模型组相比较,TCDCA的3个剂量组对小鼠脾指数均无显著影响(P＞0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组极显著增强单核-巨噬细胞系统吞噬功能(P＜0.01);3个剂量组均显著提高外周血中CD4+细胞百分率(P＜0.05),中剂量组显著提高CD4-与CD8-的比值(P＜0.05);低剂量纽和中剂量组显著提高小鼠血清中IgG含量(P＜0.05).结果表明,TCDCA对糖皮质激素免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性细胞免疫、体液免疫功能具有恢复作用,但对脾脏萎缩无恢复作用. 相似文献
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为了研究牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA)对小鼠机体环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)含量的影响,试验用环孢菌素A诱导特异性免疫低下模型,按相应组别对应的剂量对小鼠灌胃给药7 d,获取血清;体外培养正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用MTT方法筛选TCDCA作用于腹腔巨噬细胞的最佳药物浓度;用最佳药物浓度作用于巨噬细胞后超声破碎,获取上清液;ELISA方法测定血清和上清液中cAMP和cGMP的含量。结果表明:在TCDCA高剂量(0.2 g/kg)组小鼠血清中,cAMP含量极显著高于环孢菌素A组(P<0.01);各组小鼠血清cGMP含量差异不显著(P>0.05);TCDCA促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞增殖的体外浓度为1μg/mL、2.5μg/mL、5μg/mL、10μg/mL;1μg/mL、2.5μg/mL、5μg/mL的TCDCA均能显著或极显著提高细胞内cAMP含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),对cGMP含量均没有显著影响。说明TC-DCA能够显著提高正常和免疫抑制小鼠血清中和正常腹腔巨噬细胞内cAMP含量。 相似文献
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该试验旨在研究微生态制剂BLCS对奶牛产奶性能及日粮营养物质消化率的影响.依据完全配对试验分组原则,考虑胎次、泌乳月龄、产奶量、体重等因素,将24头荷斯坦奶牛分为试验组和对照组,试验组与对照组的基础日粮相同,试验组奶牛每头每天饲喂5 g BLCS,对照组不饲喂.试验期90d,统计试验期内各组奶牛的产奶量及乳成分,并在饲养试验结束后进行消化试验.结果表明,试验组奶牛日平均产奶量极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),乳脂肪、乳蛋白质、乳中总固形物平均含量均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),但日平均产量均极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);试验组奶牛对日粮CP、DM消化率均极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),对NDF消化率有明显高于对照组的趋势(P=0.051).结果表明,饲喂BLCS对提高奶牛产奶量、乳成分产量和营养物质的消化率有明显效果. 相似文献
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选用 9头胆汁产量稳定、体况相近的无管取胆黑熊 ,随机分成 3组添加含天然绿色饲料添加剂 0 .5 %组 (试验Ⅰ组 )和添加德国的PINA T饲料添加剂 0 .5 %组 (试验Ⅱ组 )及空白组 (对照组 )试验。结果表明 ,试验Ⅰ组胆汁产量、干粉率、干粉量有极显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,而试验Ⅱ组无显著提高 (P >0 .0 5 )。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组粗脂肪的消化率比对照组分别提高 2 .15 %和 4 4 .92 % (P >0 .0 5 )。熊胆粉分析结果表明 ,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组UDCA含量无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但高效液相色谱分析图谱中UDCA所占峰面积比例试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别比对照组提高 2 9.6 5 %和 14 .6 2 % ,同时CDCA所占峰面积比例试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别比对照组提高 34.5 0 %和7.0 9%。熊胆粉氨基酸分析结果表明 ,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组及对照组氨基酸含量无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;但试验Ⅰ组除天门冬氨基酸外其余均有提高 ,但差异不显著 ;试验II组各氨基酸含量均与对照组相近 相似文献
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利用屠宰场采集的牛卵巢,研究了培养时间和不同激素组合对卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,结果表明:在成熟培养液中添加10 μg/mL FSH、1 μg/mL E2的Ⅰ组(成熟率77.78%、卵裂率64.37%)和同时添加10 μg/mL FSH、10 μg/mL LH、1 μg/mL E2的Ⅱ组(成熟率82.76%、卵裂率67.26%)与对照组(成熟率45.46%、卵裂率52.29%)相比,卵母细胞成熟率和卵裂率差异极显著(P＜0.01),Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组之间,卵母细胞抽检成熟率、卵裂率虽无显著差异(P＞0.05),但Ⅱ组卵母细胞成熟率、卵裂率分别比Ⅰ组提高了5.02%和2.89%.卵母细胞培养＜20 h、20 h、24 h、28 h,成熟率分别为53.33%、77.77%、78.57%和71.43%,卵母细胞成熟率20 h、24 h、28 h组与＜20 h组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).卵裂率20 h、24 h组(51.79%、58.16%)显著高于＜20 h组(38.24%)、28 h组(36.98%)(P＜0.05),但20 h、24 h组卵裂率差异不显著(P＞0.05). 相似文献
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为探讨牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(taurochenodeoxycholic acid,TCDCA)对热应激小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,试验将50只小鼠随机分成5组,分别为对照组、热应激组和低、中、高剂量TCDCA组(剂量分别为50、100、200 mg/kg)。热应激组和低、中、高剂量TCDCA组小鼠置于(35.5±0.5) ℃、相对湿度60%环境下连续热应激7 d。结束后分别检测小鼠脾脏指数、血清IgG、小肠sIgA的含量及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和B淋巴细胞的变化。结果表明,热应激引起小鼠脾脏指数显著下降(P＜0.05),血清IgG、肠sIgA显著升高(P＜0.05),外周血CD8+、CD19+百分率显著下降(P＜0.05),CD4+百分率下降不显著(P＞0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值显著升高(P＜0.05),表明热应激导致小鼠机体免疫功能发生紊乱。TCDCA对热应激小鼠脾脏指数无显著影响;但能显著抑制热应激引起的血清IgG含量、小肠sIgA含量升高(P＜0.05)和显著提高外周血CD8+、CD19+百分率(P＜0.05),同时能够调节CD4+/CD8+ 比值到正常水平。因此,TCDCA对热应激导致的小鼠免疫功能紊乱具有显著的改善作用。 相似文献
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500只3～4岁纯种辽宁绒山羊适繁母羊被随机分为2组,试验组396只,注射双胎素,对照组104只,注射等量生理盐水.结果表明,试验组母羊总发情率与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),但第一情期发情率极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组,第二情期发情率极显著(P＜0.01)低于对照组;试验组的双羔率高于对照组34.4个百分点(P＜0.01),差异极显著;试验组与对照组在受胎率上和羔羊成活率上的差异不显著(P＞0.05).表明:双胎素(TIT)免疫辽宁绒山羊的效果良好. 相似文献
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为了探讨牛磺鹅去氧胆酸（TCDCA）对小鼠单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7的抗凋亡作用,试验采用二苯胺法及实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测了针对RAW264.7细胞凋亡百分率及凋亡抑制蛋白CIAP-1、CIAP-2和XIAP的mRNA表达影响。结果显示,剂量为0.05、0.10和10 μg/mL TCDCA可以极显著地对抗地塞米松（DEX）诱导的RAW264.7细胞系凋亡（P < 0.01）。1 μg/mL TCDCA对正常RAW264.7细胞系CIAP-1和XIAP表达有显著的促进作用（P < 0.05）;10 μg/mL TCDCA对正常RAW264.7细胞系CIAP-1、CIAP-2和 XIAP表达均具有显著的促进作用（P < 0.05）。TCDCA给药后对DEX诱导的RAW264.7细胞系CIAP-1、CIAP-2和 XIAP表达均具有极显著的促进作用（P < 0.01）,但不同给药剂量的TCDCA作用有所差异。以上研究结果表明,TCDCA具有对抗DEX诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7凋亡作用,且与上调凋亡抑制蛋白mRNA表达有关。 相似文献
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赖景涛 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2012,(5):33-35
目的:改善娟姗泌乳牛体况,使其健康生长,提高产奶量。方法:挑选12头泌乳娟姗牛,随机分成对照组和试验组,每天给试验组牛投喂2kg/头美国苜蓿干草,试验期120d。结果:试验组牛体重提高5.41%,差异不显著(P>0.05),体况有所改善;产奶量增加1.93kg/头.d,提高17.17%,差异不显著(P>0.05),创纯利润0.72元/头.d;乳蛋白含量提高16.07%,差异极显著(P<0.01);乳脂率提高17.56%,差异极显著(P<0.01);乳糖含量提高1.64%,差异不显著(P>0.05);非脂乳固体含量提高5.51%,差异极显著(P<0.01);乳总固体含量提高9.44%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论:美国苜蓿干草能提高娟姗泌乳牛的产奶量和乳成分含量,同时使其身体更健康。 相似文献
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采用缓释非蛋白氮膨化饲料添加剂饲喂乳牛,测定其对乳牛产乳量及乳质的影响.结果表明,试验组产乳量比对照组有明显增加(P＜0.05);试验Ⅱ组乳脂率比对照组增加明显,差异显著(P＜0.05),但试验Ⅰ组与对照组差异表现不显著;试验组乳蛋白比对照组均有明显增加,试验Ⅰ组表现为显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅱ组表现为极显著(P＜0.01);其乳糖量,试验组比对照组也均有增加,其中试验Ⅰ组比对照组差异显著(P＜0.05),而试验Ⅱ组比对照组差异极显著(P＜0.001);试验组的干物质均比对照组有明显增加,其差异极显著(P＜0.01).缓释非蛋白氮膨化饲料添加剂不仅可以提高乳牛产乳量,而且更能提高乳的质量;添加剂Ⅱ号(试验Ⅱ组)对乳质量的影响明显好于添加剂Ⅰ号(试验Ⅰ组). 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献