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由扁桃拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis amydalina）引起的桃实腐病是为害桃树果实的一种重要真菌性病害。为了能筛选到对该病菌具有强毒力的杀菌剂,本文采用菌丝生长速率法,用8种供试药剂对桃实腐病菌进行了室内毒力测定。结果表明：400g/L氟硅唑（EC）的毒力最强,其EC50值为0.0770μg/mL;其次为125g/L氟环唑（SC）,10%苯醚甲环唑（WG）,300g/L苯甲?丙环唑（EC）和500g/L异菌脲（SC）,它们的EC50值分别为0.2343μg/mL、0.2946μg/mL、0.4184μg/mL和0.4773μg/mL;70%丙森锌（WP）的毒力最弱,其EC50值达到2.1958μg/mL。根据毒力测定结果,我们认为400g/L氟硅唑（EC）可以作为桃实腐病田间药效试验的首选药剂。 相似文献
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为筛选出李果腐病菌、桃枝枯病菌和蓝莓枝枯病菌的有效防治药剂,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法测定11种杀菌剂对上述3种拟茎点霉病菌(Phomopsis sp.)的室内毒力。结果表明：40%氟硅唑WP、40%咪鲜胺EW和12.5%腈菌唑EC等3种药剂对蓝莓枝枯病菌、桃枝枯病菌和李果腐病菌的毒力最强,EC50值均小于1μg/mL。其中40%氟硅唑WP对桃枝枯病菌和李果腐病菌的毒力最强,EC50值分别为0.02和0.13 μg/mL;40%咪鲜胺EW对蓝莓枝枯病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC50值为0.66 μg/mL。本研究结果为这3种病害的田间防治药剂筛选提供理论依据。 相似文献
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葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）是猕猴桃果腐病的病原菌。为了给猕猴桃果腐病田间药效试验提供备用药剂,本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂的毒力,结果表明,11%的精甲?咯?嘧菌悬浮种衣剂、43%戊唑醇悬浮剂、25%咪鲜胺乳油和18.7%丙环?嘧菌酯悬浮剂对葡萄座腔菌具有强毒力,EC50分别为0.0225 礸/mL、0.0490 礸/mL、0.0798 礸/mL和0.1494 礸/mL;10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、42.8%氟菌?肟菌酯悬浮剂、24%腈苯唑悬浮剂、44%精甲?百菌清悬浮剂和2%春雷霉素水剂,对葡萄座腔菌具有较强的毒力,EC50各为0.5275礸/mL、0.5796礸/mL、2.4304礸/mL和3.3063礸/mL;2%宁南霉素水剂的毒力最弱,EC50值高达81.4643 礸/mL。 相似文献
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摘要：利用菌丝生长速率法,测定了18种化学药剂对柑桔园链格孢菌MP3的毒力。结果表明,70%丙森锌抑菌效果最好,EC50值为0.2475 μg/mL;10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂效果次之,EC50值为0.3465μg/mL;其次为50%丙环唑、27.12%碱式硫酸铜、16%松脂铜酸乳、10%井冈霉素,400g/L杜邦福星、70%氢氯化铜、22%抑菌唑、1.5%噻霉铜、65%代森锰锌,EC50值分别为0.5773、1.2840、1.5371、1.6250、1.7680、1.7738、1.8692和2.3157μg/mL;多菌灵效果最差,EC50值为911.7747μg/mL。 相似文献
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由疫霉菌引起的苗疫、褐腐病是柑桔苗期和结果期间的重要病害,为筛选出有效防治药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11种杀菌剂对柠檬褐腐病菌柑桔褐腐疫霉(Phytophthora citrophthora)的室内毒力。结果表明,杀菌剂毒力由强到弱依次为氟噻唑吡乙酮、双炔酰菌胺、烯酰吗啉、霜脲氰、氟菌?霜霉威、甲霜?锰锌、代森锰锌、百菌清、三乙膦酸铝、氢氧化铜和丁子香酚,EC50值分别为0.0017、0.0116、0.6264、0.6471、1.596、4.034、13.23、25.40、41.74、69.15和71.51 mg?L-1。 相似文献
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四种杀菌剂对苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病菌的室内毒力测定 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用室内平皿生长速率法,研究四种杀菌剂对苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病的病原、尖孢镰刀菌、锐顶镰刀菌和半裸镰刀菌的毒力测定。结果表明,四种药剂对三种病原菌都有显著的抑制作用。其中多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、枯腐宁和枯萎绝四种药剂对锐顶镰刀菌的有效中浓度(EC50)分别为84.93、221.00、53.74和7.90μg/mL,对尖孢镰刀菌EC50分别为70.12、125.76、35.75和5.87μg/mL,对半裸镰刀菌分别为49.55、126.61和221μg/mL。以枯萎绝的抑菌作用最为突出,对三种镰刀菌的EC50都在10μg/mL以下,枯腐宁次之,甲基硫菌灵最差。四种药剂的相关系数均在0.96以上,药剂浓度与抑制作用呈正相关。 相似文献
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葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）和拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis sp.）是引起江西省奉新县猕猴桃果实腐烂的两种主要病原菌。本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对其室内毒力,结果表明拿敌稳（75%肟菌酯?戊唑醇）、扑海因（50%异菌脲）、世高（10%苯醚甲环唑）、甲基托布津（70%甲基硫菌灵）、百泰（60%吡唑醚菌酯?代森联）5种杀菌剂对葡萄座腔菌和拟茎点霉菌均有较强的毒力,对葡萄座腔菌的EC50值依次为0.1439μg/mL、0.1502μg/mL、0.1795μg/mL、0.2640μg/mL和0.9466μg/mL;对拟茎点霉菌的EC50值依次为0.0893μg/mL、0.2228μg/mL、0.1320μg/mL、0.4034μg/mL和0.7922μg/mL;杀菌剂翠贝（50%醚菌酯）则对两种病菌的毒力很弱,对葡萄座腔菌和拟茎点霉菌的EC50值分别高达7890.7μg/mL 和12881.0μg/mL。 相似文献
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采用7种药剂对引起白菜型冬油菜根腐病的半裸镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌进行了室内药剂筛选和毒力测定,结果表明,苯甲·丙环唑、十三吗啉、苯醚甲环唑、恶霉灵4种药剂对半裸镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌的EC50均较小,毒力较强,对半裸镰刀菌的EC50分别为0.15、15.67、22.61、67.45μg/mL,对尖孢镰刀菌的EC50分别为2.11、11.78、8.56、62.41μg/mL。采用7种药剂对冬油菜种子拌种,进行了室内药效试验,结果表明,苯甲·丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑、十三吗啉、恶霉灵4种供试药剂对半裸镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌的防效显著高于其他3种药剂,平均防效达60%。 相似文献
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茎基腐病是百香果毁灭性病害之一。本研究结合症状观察、病原菌分离纯化、致病性测定和分子鉴定等手段,确定了病原种类,进而采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法对其进行室内毒力测定,以期筛选出高效防控药剂。结果表明：病原菌有典型的镰刀菌特征,其ITS序列与腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）的多条序列聚在同一分支上,相似性达100%,说明百香果茎腐病的病原为腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）。室内毒力测定的6种药剂中,250g/L升苯醚甲环唑乳油对菌丝生长的抑制效果最明显,EC50为0.3372 mg/L,其次是450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂,EC50分别为0.4749 mg/L和0.7172mg/L;但镰刀菌孢子萌发测试表明, 450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂浓度为9mg/L时的抑制效果最好,为74.78%,其次是70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1400mg/L和250g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油250mg/L,分别为58.89%和33.67%,30%噁霉灵水剂效果最差,浓度为600mg/L时,抑制率接近于0。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献