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为探索 H9N2 AIV感染蛋鸡致输卵管功能异常的机理,对蛋鸡感染 H9N2亚型 AIV后输卵管不同部位病毒载量与病理变化进行检测与观察。以 H9N2亚型 AIV 人工感染非免疫蛋鸡,在感染后3、5、7 d 分别采取鸡输卵管组织,real-time PCR 检测感染鸡输卵管组织中 AIV 病毒载量,同时 HE 染色后观察病理组织学变化。结果表明,real-time PCR 从鸡输卵管膨大部、峡部、子宫部和阴道部均检出了禽流感病毒,其中以膨大部和子宫部病毒载量最高,分别达5．27×104拷贝／μL±3．55×103拷贝／μL 和5．52×10 4拷贝／μL±3．14×103拷贝／μL。组织病理学观察发现蛋鸡感染 H9N2亚型 AIV 后输卵管膨大部、峡部和子宫部病变明显。观察到上皮细胞脱落坏死,炎性细胞浸润腺体,腺体间隙变大甚至溶解,腺体组织充血出血。本研究证实蛋鸡感染 H9N2亚型 AIV 后输卵管组织中 AIV 病毒载量与其病理变化存在明显的正相关。 相似文献
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细胞表面的SAα2,3Gal和SAα2,6Gal2种糖链可以作为新城疫病毒(NDV)入侵靶细胞的受体,但这2种糖链在不同动物细胞上的分布和相对丰度存在差异,为明确不同动物细胞上NDV受体的分布和相对含量,分别对鸡胚成纤维细胞、鹅胚成纤维细胞、鸭胚成纤维细胞以及Vero细胞,使用糖链检测试剂盒进行凝集素细胞原位免疫组织化学检测,FITC/PI双染色后激光共聚焦显微镜观察比较不同禽类细胞上受体分布。结果表明鸡胚成纤维细胞和Vero细胞表面同时分布有SAα2,3Gal和SAα2,6Gal2种受体,而鹅胚成纤维细胞、鸭胚成纤维细胞表面则只分布有SAα2,3Gal受体,缺乏SAα2,6Gal受体,提示NDV受体在不同禽类细胞表面的分布存在种属差异性。 相似文献
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禽流感(AI)是由禽流感病毒(AIV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病,主要感染家禽和野禽,1966年首次分离得到H9N2。H9N2是AIV的一个亚型,经过长达数十年的遗传变异,已成为当前流行的禽流感病毒主要亚型之一。除了感染鸡、鸭等禽类,H9N2亚型AIV还可感染猪、水貂等哺乳类动物,甚至还可以感染人。虽然H9N2亚型AIV是低致病性的,但它能与其他病毒或细菌引起共感染,还能与其他亚型流感病毒进行重排,形成新型重组病毒,对公共卫生安全造成了不容忽视的潜在危害。文章就H9N2亚型AIV的遗传变异、重组、致病力和跨种传播等方面进行了简要论述。 相似文献
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自1997年以来,发现H5 N1、H9N2、H7N7亚型的禽流感病毒都能感染人。通常认为禽流感病毒在人体内复制受细胞受体和呼吸道细胞外抑制物的限制,但其确切机制却还不清楚。最近,科学家通过体外培养不同的人呼吸道上皮细胞,发现人流感病毒和禽流感病毒分别感染不同的靶细胞。在单周期感染(single- cycle infection)过程中,人流感病毒主要感染无纤毛细胞(non-ciliated cells) ,而禽流感病毒和在鸡胚适应的具有禽流感病毒样受体特异性的人流感病毒主要感染有纤毛的细胞,这与无纤毛细胞上主要有人流感病毒受体(2 - 6位交联的唾液酸) ,有纤毛细胞上… 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2017,(20)
为研究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(H9N2 AIV)继发细菌感染的作用机制,以BALB/c小鼠为模型,研究呼吸道感染H9N2 AIV后,宿主肠道菌群结构、黏膜屏障、黏膜炎症反应等情况。结果显示:H9N2 AIV经呼吸道感染BALB/c小鼠后,小鼠肠道菌群紊乱。攻毒后小鼠体内的葡萄球菌属、链球菌属和棒状杆菌属极显著增加(P0.01),而有益菌为主的乳杆菌属等极显著降低(P0.01);H9N2 AIV感染小鼠后,肠道黏膜屏障被破坏,促炎因子IFN-γ、IFN-β等极显著高表达(P0.01),上皮细胞中的ZO-1等紧密连接蛋白则明显下调(P0.05),造成肠壁通透性增强。研究表明小鼠感染H9N2 AIV后,其肠道微生物菌群失衡、黏膜屏障功能被破坏、出现炎症反应等。 相似文献
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近年来,高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1已引起了全世界范围内对全球流感大流行的高度关注,但对流感病毒H5N1的生物学发病机制的研究还存在很大空白。为了阐明禽流感病毒H5N1的发病机制,研究人员准备了12月龄猪肺泡组织上皮细胞,并测定了3株H5型禽流感病毒（A/Crow/Kyoto/53/2004[H5N1],A/Duck/Hong Kong/342/78[H5N2],A/Duck/Hong Kong/820/80[H5N3]）的生长动力学曲线,由此引起细胞病变,尽管所有3株病毒在鸡胚胎成纤维细胞可以引起类似细胞病变,但H5N1型病毒却可强烈诱导猪肺泡上皮细胞（pAEpC）的细胞凋亡。3株病毒在pAEpC内的增长和繁殖有相似之处。与此相反,只有在禽流感病毒H5N1感染的pAEpC细胞内才能检测到TUNEL阳性细胞,并且半光氨酸酶3、8和9的活性在禽流感病毒H5N1感染的pAEpC细胞内均显著升高,在禽流感病毒H5N2和H5N3感染的细胞内没有发现该现象。这些结果表明,只有H5N1型禽流感病毒诱导pAEpC的细胞凋亡。H5N1型禽流感病毒致病性在增加半光氨酸酶抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK后受到抑制;然而在病毒生长或释放子代病毒方面无显著差异。采用反向遗传学技术进一步研究结果表明,H5N1禽流感病毒HA蛋白在感染的pAEpC细胞中对半光氨酸酶依赖的细胞凋亡起着关键作用。H5N1病毒特异性的细胞病变在人类主要呼吸道上皮细胞中也可观察到。综上数据表明,禽流感病毒H5N1由于诱导细胞凋亡而导致哺乳动物呼吸道上皮细胞大量的细胞死亡。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2019,(9)
为检测H7N9禽流感病毒(AIV) DNA疫苗的免疫保护效力,本研究将H7N9禽流感疫苗株A/Chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017 (H7N9)[CK/GX/SD098/17 (H7N9)]的HA基因密码子优化后,定向克隆至载体pCAGGS中构建重组质粒pCA-SD098。将pCA-SD098转染至293T细胞后,采用间接免疫荧光(IFA)和western blot检测,结果显示,HA蛋白可以在293T细胞中正确表达。分别利用15μg和20μg重组质粒pCA-SD098免疫3周龄SPF鸡,3周后以相同的剂量和方式加强免疫,加强免疫一周后通过鼻腔分别感染105EID50的同源高致病性AIV (HPAIV)CK/GX/SD098/17 (H7N9)和异源低致病性AIV (LPAIV) A/Chicken/Chongqing/SD057/2017 (H7N9)[CK/CQ/SD057/17 (H7N9)],攻毒10 d内记录免疫鸡发病和死亡情况,检测免疫鸡HI抗体水平,并于攻毒后第3 d、第5 d和第7 d无菌采集所有鸡的喉头和泄殖腔拭子,采用红细胞凝集试验(HA)检测病毒的滴度。结果显示,重组质粒pCA-SD098免疫后可以诱导SPF鸡产生较高水平的HI抗体,15μg pCA-SD098剂量免疫鸡后能够完全抵御H7N9 HPAIV的致死性攻击,20μg pCA-SD098剂量可以有效阻断H7N9 LPAIV的感染。攻毒后,所有免疫鸡无发病、无死亡、无排毒,本研究为质粒pCA-SD098作为防控H7N9禽流感的候选DNA疫苗提供了实验依据。 相似文献
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H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白S145N变异株致病性及抗原特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定近年来H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV) HA蛋白S145N点突变对病毒毒力变化和抗原性变异的影响,笔者对从全国不同地区分离的12株H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白S145N变异株和HP疫苗参考株进行了半数鸡胚感染量(EID50)、半数鸡胚致死量(ELD50)、平均鸡胚致死时间(MDT)、雏鸡脑内致病指数(ICPI)、鸡静脉致病指数(IVPI)和8周龄SPF鸡感染排毒试验,并与抗H9N2亚型AIV HP参考株HA蛋白单抗2A4和F6的血凝抑制(HI)和中和反应特性进行测定.结果发现,H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白S145N变异株毒力偏强,能引起部分SPF鸡发病和死亡,感染8周龄SPF鸡排毒时间更早,排毒期更长.单抗2A4和F6不能抑制H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白S145N变异株的血凝特性,也不能中和病毒感染CEF细胞.研究结果表明,H9N2亚型AIV呈现变异趋势,有毒力增强和抗原性变异毒株出现.S145为H9N2亚型AIV HA蛋白的1个抗原位点,是血凝抑制抗体结合的位点,但有该位点漂变导致抗原变异毒株出现,并可逃避免疫作用.这提示该病的防控面临着新的挑战. 相似文献
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为研究由悬浮培养的MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型AIV抗原所制备的灭活疫苗的免疫剂量,在生物反应器中悬浮培养MDCK细胞,接种H9亚型禽流感病毒WD98和HN04种毒,收获抗原液,以2种抗原液分别制备2个毒株的单价油佐剂灭活疫苗。每种疫苗均按照0.3、0.2、0.1、0.05mL/只(107.5 EID50/只~105.52 EID50/只)的剂量接种21日龄SPF鸡,免疫接种后3周采血测定AIV的HI抗体,采血后分别用与制苗株同源的H9亚型AIV种毒静脉注射攻毒,测定疫苗保护率。2种疫苗不同剂量免疫接种后21d的AIV HI抗体水平达到3.8log2~5.6log2,对照组鸡AIV HI抗体均为0log2。攻毒试验证实,以105.52 EID50/只~107.5 EID50/只剂量进行免疫接种,免疫鸡只获得了80%以上的保护。按照兽药典H9亚型禽流感疫苗攻毒保护率90%为合格的标准,悬浮培养MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型禽流感疫苗的最小免疫接种剂量为106.82 EID50/只。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献