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1.
银合欢涠洲DHP—降解细菌脱毒及饲喂乳牛效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
将１８头乳用后备母牛分为３组，其中Ⅲ组为对照组，喂象草，Ⅰ，Ⅱ组喂银合欢并分别以灌胃接种和接触感染方式使试牛获得涠洲ＤＨＰ－降解细菌，观察银合欢的脱毒和饲养效果。结果指出，接种后Ⅰ，Ⅱ组试牛尿中３－羟基－４（１氢）吡啶酮浓度明显降低，其中Ⅰ组各试牛最后均为零，Ⅰ，Ⅱ组试牛瘤胃液抽出后在３７℃体外培养一周，可使培养基中ＤＨＰ全部降解，由此说明涠洲ＤＨＰ－降解细菌可在试牛瘤胃中充分繁殖生长并发挥脱毒作 相似文献
2.
含羞草素降解途径的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
银合欢是一种速生高产豆科木本饲料,被誉为热带和亚热带地区的“奇迹树”,和“蛋白质库”。银合欢所含含羞草素〔β－Ｎ－（３－羟基－４－吡啶酮〕－α－苯丙氨酸〕及其瘤胃代谢产物３,４－ＤＨＰ〔３－羟基－４（１氢）吡啶酮〕对反刍家畜有毒。但将“涠洲瘤胃液”灌入反刍家畜瘤胃后,用银合欢饲喂反刍家畜,不但不引起中毒,而且可取得良好的饲养效果,本试验对含羞草素在“涠洲瘤胃液”脱毒细菌作用下的降解途径进行了探讨。 相似文献
3.
4.
银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对热带、亚热带木本豆科饲料银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的技术及其效果进行了研究。试验结果表明:银合欢枝叶干物质粗蛋白质含量约为21％,有毒氨基酸含羞草素含量约为3％。含羞草素可在反刍家畜瘤胃内转变为另一毒素3-羟基-4(1氢)吡啶酮(DHP)。我国南方内陆地区反刍家畜瘤胃内不存在可使DHP降解的细菌,故采食银合欢出现中毒反应,并使日增重和饲料报酬下降。将澳大利亚DHP-降解细菌接种到我国内陆地区黄牛瘤胃内,可使黄牛取得对DHP的脱毒能力。作者发现我国广西北海市一小岛——涠洲岛的黄牛和山羊瘤胃内也存在某种DHP-降解细菌,将其接种转移到我国内陆地区乳牛瘤胃内,乳牛成功地取得了对DHP的脱毒能力。用涠洲DHP-降解细菌脱毒银合欢枝叶饲养乳牛取得了良好的饲养效果。 相似文献
5.
本试验分两组，每组５０头。仔猪从初生到６０日龄结束。对照组喂自配常规饲料，试验组喂基础日粮加Ｐ－５－Ａ乳猪浓缩料。结果试验组平均体重１３．８５千克，日增重２０７克，料肉比０．９７：１；对照组平均体重１２．３５千克，料肉比０．９７：１；对照组平均体重１２．３５千克，日增重１８２克，料肉比１．２７：１。平均体重，日增重差异均极显著。经济效益试验组好于对照组。说明Ｐ－５－Ａ乳猪浓缩料有推广价值。 相似文献
6.
天农肥育牛用添加剂饲喂肉牛试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择年龄２～３岁，体重３００～４００千克的夏洛来杂公牛，西门塔尔杂交牛及黑白花公牛等品种牛共２０头，用天津农学院研制的“天农肥育牛用添加剂”进行了肥育试验，结果表明：试验组牛平均日增重１．２８２千克，对照组牛为１．０１２千克，试验组比对照组牛平均头日增重多０．２７千克，经ｔ经验两组牛日增重差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），经济收益比对照组头日净协１．９３元。 相似文献
7.
选用莱芜猪经产母猪所产“大莱”二元杂交仔猪共５０窝，按３５日龄断奶２０窝、４５日龄２０窝、６０日龄断奶１０窝，分设为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组仔猪断奶后养至６０日龄，然后三组比较对仔猪生产性能的影响。结果，Ⅰ组６０日龄平均窝重２１３．９８千克，个体重２０．３８千克，日增重３４０克，成活率９５．５％；Ⅱ组６０日龄时平均窝重１９６．９千克，个体重１８．９７千克，日增重３１６克，成活率９２．５％；Ⅲ组６０日龄平均窝重１７９．８５千克，个体重１６．６７千克，日增重２７８克，成活率９０．６％。日增重Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组多２４克（Ｐ＜０．０５），比Ⅲ组多６２克（Ｐ＜０．０１）。仔猪纯收入Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组高３．７５元、１４．５９元。 相似文献
8.
选用３２头三元杂交猪随机等分为４组，在对照组和Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组猪日粮中分别添加１、１．０、５．０和１０．０ｐｐｍ的β－启动剂Ｃｌｅｎｂｕｔｅｒｏｌ进行饲养试验。结果表明，与对照组比较，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在５０－９０千克体重阶段的增重速度分别提高了４．１２％、１０．９５％和７．９４％；单位增重耗料分别下降了２．１９％、７．０５％和５．４２％；背膘厚分别和了３．３０％、８．９１％和１０．５６％；胴体瘦肉率分别提 相似文献
9.
在生长猪饲粮中加入占总量的０％，１０％，１５％，１８％和２０％的脱毒菜籽饼，并使供试五种饲粮的营养水平基本相同。经６０天试验，平均日增重１，２，３组与５组差异极显著，４组与５组差异显著，１－４组间差异不显著；饲料报酬，１组与５组差异显著，其他各组间差异不显著；每千克增重需饲料成本，以４组较低，５组较高。 相似文献
10.
仔猪21日龄与28日龄断乳的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用“同窝分组”法，在相同饲养条件下对１０窝１１０头仔猪进行了２１日龄断乳（１组）和２８日龄断乳（Ⅱ组）对比试验，测其各阶段发育，饲料利用率及效益，其结果：Ｉ组仔猪断乳后一周（２８日龄）体重（５．８５千克）和日增重（１７６克），分别比Ⅱ组低２２％和９２％，未增重者占１６．６％，减重者占３６．６％。Ⅱ组仔猪断乳后一周（３５日龄）未增和减重者各占６．７％。４２日龄时两组体重已很接近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。仔猪２１—４２日龄期间各用采食量：Ｉ组分别为０．７６、２．１５和３．７２千克，Ⅱ组分别为０．３２、１．２０和３．１９千克，仔猪在断乳后第２、３周来食量Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组，表明Ⅰ组已进入生长补偿期。４２日．龄左右两组仔猪体重和采食量已无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。７—６０日龄采食量，Ｉ、Ⅱ组分别为２３．６和２２．２千克（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲料转化比分别为１．３３和１．１９（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但每头仔猪饲料总成本，Ｉ组比Ⅱ组降低７％。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献