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本文通过饲喂高脂饲料建立大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型．将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和模型组两组,正常对照组（10只）喂养普通饲料,模型组（30只）喂养高脂饲料,两组同时饲喂12周之后,观察大鼠血清生化指标如甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、谷丙转氨酶（AST）、谷草转氨酶（ALT）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）和肝脏病理结构的变化。结果显示：模型组肝脏呈棕黄色。肝内灶片状肝细胞有脂肪变性。肝小叶中央区肝细胞脂肪病变严重,正常对照组肝细胞未发生脂肪变性,肝脏呈暗红色;模型组肝脏指数（TG、ALT、AST、LDL—C）明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,TC高于正常对照组,HDL—C低于正常对照组。本试验证明：用改良的高脂饮食饲喂大鼠建立非酒精性脂肪肝模型成功且稳定。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(2)
为了研究高脂诱导脂肪肝对CYP2A5表达的影响,选取雄性C57BL/6J小鼠18只,随机分成对照组(control)、高脂组(NAFLD)和阳性对照组(PYR),每组6只,分别饲喂基础饲料和高脂饲料,阳性对照组饲喂基础饲料在处死前一天给予吡唑诱导,连续8周后小鼠断颈处死,取肝脏测定mRNA,CYP2A5的蛋白表达和酶活性。其结果阳性对照组CYP2A5的mRNA、蛋白表达和酶活性与对照组相比分别增加229%、80%、151%差异极显著(P0.01)。高脂诱导组与对照组相比CYP2A5的mRNA、蛋白表达和酶活性分别增加69%、34%、43%(P0.01)。表明高脂诱导非酒精性脂肪肝可增加CYP2A5的mRNA、蛋白表达水平和酶活力。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究敲除核转录因子NF-E2相关因子(Nrf2)对高脂饲粮诱导小鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响。选择雄性野生型(WT)和Nrf2基因敲除(KO)ICR小鼠各20只,分别随机分成2组,每组各10只。1组WT和1组KO小鼠饲喂普通饲粮,为对照组,另2组饲喂高脂饲粮,为高脂组。试验期8周。结果显示,1)与对照组相比,WT和KO高脂组小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性极显著升高(P0.01),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),总蛋白(TP)含量极显著降低(P0.01),但甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量变化不显著(P0.05)。2)WT高脂组小鼠肝脏表现出小泡性脂肪变性,KO高脂组小鼠肝脏表现出严重的大泡性脂肪变性和温和的小泡性脂肪变性。3)与对照组相比,WT和KO高脂组小鼠肝脏中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),而过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01)。与WT小鼠相比,KO高脂组小鼠肝脏中MDA含量增加49%,但GSH含量及SOD、POD活性变化不显著(P0.05)。与WT对照组小鼠相比,KO高脂组小鼠肝脏中SOD、POD活性和MDA含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),而GSH含量极显著降低(P0.01)。由此可见,高脂诱导Nrf2基因缺失小鼠发生较严重的脂肪变性,同时高脂饲粮诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝模型小鼠肝脏发生氧化应激。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2018,(11)
为了观察成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)对高脂肪饲料诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脏肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的影响。本试验采用高脂肪饲料喂养昆明小鼠30d,建立非酒精性脂肪肝模型。将小鼠分为4组,A:模型+FGF21组;B:模型组;C:正常+FGF21组;D:正常组。A和C组分别连续给药6d,B和D两组注射等量的生理盐水,给药后眼球采血,采集血液样品,断颈处死小鼠,分离肝脏和脾脏组织,通过组织切片染色、血清生化及ELISA检测,观察FGF21对肝脏组织病理学、血清中TNF-α及IL-1β的影响。结果显示非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠经过FGF21治疗后,血清中TG、TC、NEFA、LDL-c含量显著降低,ELISA结果显示血清中TNF-α、IL-1β的表达与模型组比较都显著降低(P0.05)。结果表明FGF21明显改善高脂肪饲料诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝的病理变化。同时,降低脂肪肝组织脂肪变形引起的血液中TNF-α、IL-1β的表达,表明FGF21对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠有潜在的治疗作用。 相似文献
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观察富硒益生菌对高脂饲料诱导的实验性高脂血症小鼠脂代谢的影响作用,并从分子水平进一步阐述富硒益生菌降血脂的机理。将24只4周龄C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,随机均分为4组(n=6):正常对照组(NC)、高脂对照组(HFD)、无机硒+益生菌组(IPS)和富硒益生菌组(OPS),其中IPS组和OPS组都是饲喂高脂饲料。8周以后,测定小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度胆固醇酯(LDL-C)、高密度胆固醇酯(HDL-C)的含量以及肝脏、附睾脂肪的湿重。结果表明:与高脂对照组比较,高脂+富硒益生菌组小鼠的血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量下降,HDL-C水平显著升高,肝脏和附睾脂肪的湿重减少;富硒益生菌对小鼠的各检测指标的影响显著优于无机硒+益生菌组。富硒益生菌能有效地降低高脂血症小鼠模型的血脂,而富硒益生菌组的降血脂功效比无机硒+益生菌组明显。 相似文献
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为了探究间歇性冷刺激对高脂饮食小鼠血清脂质相关指标、肝脏组织形态以及肝脏脂质合成的影响，试验选择5周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠48只，随机分为常温对照组、常温高脂组、冷刺激组和冷刺激高脂组，每组3个重复，每个重复4只。常温组小鼠饲养温度为（26±2）℃，冷刺激组小鼠饲养温度为4℃，试验期30 d（每天6 h）。处理结束后采集各组小鼠的肝脏组织和血清样本，通过苏木素-伊红（HE）染色、蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blot）、实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)等方法，对小鼠肝脏形态结构和脂质合成相关指标进行检测。结果显示：1）饲喂高脂饲粮的小鼠在14周时，体重极显著高于常温对照组（P<0.01）。2) HE结果表明，常温对照组小鼠肝脏肝小叶结构清晰，肝索排列规则有序，未见水肿变性和坏死，未见炎细胞；冷刺激组小鼠的肝脏组织出现颗粒变性，炎性细胞浸润，并观察到充血和出血现象；常温高脂组小鼠肝脏可见大小不一的圆形空泡，发生大泡性脂肪变；冷刺激高脂组小鼠肝脏肝小叶排列紊乱，肝细胞水肿可见空泡变性，炎性细胞浸润。3）小鼠高脂造模后，常温高脂组小鼠血清中血脂相关指标甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂... 相似文献
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为探究可溶性环氧化物水解酶抑制剂（soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors,sEHI）的降血糖功效,试验以高脂饲料与链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）联合诱导的Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠为研究对象,将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为：正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和sEHI组,sEHI组饲喂高脂饲料,每日灌胃sEHI （t-AUCB）1 mg/kg,连续灌胃4周;糖尿病模型组饲喂高脂饲料,每日灌胃同等计量的生理盐水;正常对照组饲喂普通饲料,每日灌胃同等体积的生理盐水。期间各组小鼠均自由采食及饮水,记录小鼠体重、血糖并进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验。试验结束后,测定血清血脂指标、肝脏过氧化指标并对小鼠胰岛组织进行病理学分析。结果显示,与糖尿病模型组相比,采用sEHI干预后糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖显著降低（P<0.05）,而葡萄糖耐量水平升高;小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平明显降低,其中TC、TG水平与糖尿病模型组相比差异显著（P<0.05）,而高密度脂蛋白与胆固醇比值（HDL/TC）水平则显著升高（P<0.05）;与糖尿病模型组相比,sEHI干预组小鼠肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著提高（P<0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）活性显著降低（P<0.05）;小鼠的胰岛组织切片分析结果表明,sEHI对小鼠胰岛组织有明显的修复作用。综上所述,sEHI具有降血糖、减轻自由基损伤、抑制脂质过氧化、修复受损胰岛组织的作用。 相似文献
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为了研究高脂日粮对小鼠脂肪沉积及血液生化指标的影响,选取3周龄C57BL/6J小鼠12只,随机分为高脂日粮组和低脂日粮组(对照组),每组6只。饲喂11 w后,测体重、采食量并采集血样和不同部位脂肪组织及肝脏。采用冰冻切片HE染色方法检测脂肪细胞的充脂情况。结果显示,高脂日粮组与对照组相比,体重极显著增加(P0.01),腹股沟脂肪和附睾脂肪重量显著增加(P0.05),脂肪细胞明显增大,脂解基因和产热基因表达显著降低(P0.05),血液中T-chol和HDL-c含量显著升高(P0.05),ALT与AST水平显著降低(P0.05),但AST/ALT比值偏高。以上结果表明,高脂日粮引起的肥胖是由于脂肪细胞肥大、产热基因和脂解基因表达降低以及不同部位脂肪沉积增多造成的,并且易引起肝脏炎症。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2014,(8):1369-1372
为探讨发芽糙米对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝内抗氧化活力以及肝脏组织的保护作用,30只SD大鼠随机分为5组,A组和B组分别饲喂普通日粮、高脂饲料8周;C、D、E组饲喂高脂饲料4周后,分别在高脂饲料中添加12.5%,25.0%,50.0%的发芽糙米,自由采食4周后观察结果。结果显示,与B组相比添加发芽糙米的3组大鼠都可以在一定程度上提高大鼠肝脏组织匀浆中T-AOC、T-SOD酶的活力,减少MDA的生成,降低血清中AST、ALT、TC的含量从而保护肝脏组织,而且差异显著(P<0.05),同时血清中TG水平也有下降趋势。这表明发芽糙米具有抗氧化的生物活性,能改善机体脂质代谢,保护肝脏。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献