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为了评估"母猪场+合作育肥"生产模式下猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)稳定的某母猪群所生产仔猪的PRRSV感染状态,将断奶仔猪按周龄分配至不同育肥场内饲养,1年内不同季节分别选取5、8、12、16、21周龄呼吸道症状较严重的猪群进行PRRSV抗体动态与感染状态监测。结果显示:每年免疫3次PRRSV减毒活疫苗(MLV)时,母猪群抗体S/P值为(0.959±0.618),83.3%样品抗体阳性,母源抗体可持续至35~56日龄;35与56日龄的抗体阳性率分别为55%、20%,ELISA S/P值分别是(0.30±0.16)、(0.13±0.12);全部育肥猪PRRSV感染率仅4%,冬春季节呼吸道疾病与死淘率高于夏秋季,但育肥猪PRRSV感染没有明显季节性。结果表明:"母猪场+合作育肥"生产模式下,当母猪场PRRSV稳定且断奶仔猪不免疫PRRSV疫苗时,仔猪PRRSV感染风险较低,取得的经济性较佳,应重点维持母猪场PRRSV稳定。 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染引起的繁殖障碍在妊娠早期表现为母猪受胎率低、不规律返情及孕早期流产;怀孕后半期流产、早产,产死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔等。先天感染的仔猪抵抗继发感染的能力低,可持续排毒并感染周围的阴性动物。PRRSV穿过胎盘屏障感染胎儿很可能是经巨噬细胞/单核细胞介导的,并在母胎界面造成病理损伤,病毒在胎儿着床点的复制可能是导致胎儿死亡和母猪流产的原因。预防PRRSV垂直传播必须控制母猪感染PRRSV,缩短已感染母猪的病毒血症持续时间,此外,通过生物安全、限制猪群流动和严格的消毒措施控制水平传播,通过疫苗免疫和药物保健消除易感动物。作者概述了妊娠各阶段母猪感染PRRSV发生垂直传播的情况及其后续的繁殖障碍。 相似文献
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《养猪》2016,(3)
2016年3月,彭州某猪场出现疑似猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)混合感染严重疫情,猪群发病率和死亡率较高。为进一步确诊和提供科学的防控依据,采集10头繁殖障碍母猪(未曾注射PRRSV疫苗)血样,用IDEXX试剂盒进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、PRRSV和PRVgE抗体检测。同时采集2头流产胎儿(对应2头流产母猪)组织分别进行CSFV、PRRSV的RT-PCR检测和PRV gE的PCR检测,采集2头腹泻同时伴随神经症状的仔猪组织进行TGEV、PEDV、猪轮状病毒(RV)的RT-PCR检测和PRV gE的PCR检测。结果显示,母猪CSFV抗体阳性率达90%,对应流产胎儿未检出CSFV,表明无CSFV感染,免疫合格;PRRSV和PRV gE抗体阳性率达100%,对应流产胎儿均测出PRRSV和PRV,表明这两种病毒感染情况严重;2头仔猪PCR和RT-PCR结果提示均有PRV、PEDV和TGEV野毒感染,并根据以上检测结果提出紧急防控措施。 相似文献
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中和抗体在抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染过程中起重要作用,被动输入PRRSV的中和抗体可预防PRRSV感染妊娠母猪,并且对母猪和仔猪都可起到消除性免疫作用。然而在自然感染PRRSV的过程中,这种中和抗体产生较晚,为病毒在宿主体内大量复制并感染其他易感动物提供了充裕的时间。PRRSV的主要中和位点位于糖蛋白GP5,核心区域称作B位点,GP5的另一个显性表位称作A位点,是非中和位点。A位点与B位点的同时出现将会抑制机体对B位点的免疫反应。当PRRSV发生中和位点突变时,产生无位点A的PRRSV,这种类型的PRRSV可诱导中和抗体的产生。文章通过对PRRSV的免疫反应、中和抗体的作用以及中和位点等三方面的阐述,综述了中和抗体在抗PRRSV感染过程中的作用。 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)由猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染引起,又称猪蓝耳病。是当前猪场疾病防控最关切的疾病之一,其对生猪养殖生产造成非常大的影响。PRRSV感染主要引起母猪繁殖障碍、公猪精液带毒、仔猪与育肥猪群呼吸系统疾病,PRRSV是当前猪场整体防控的一大威胁。如何做好PRRS的防控就显得格外重要。 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染引起的一种高度接触性传染病,尤其是对母猪,该病毒严重影响其繁殖性能。实时荧光定量PCR以其快速、可靠的诊断技术,为检测和诊断PRRSV开辟了新方法。文内对国内外实时荧光定量PCR技术在PRRSV研究中的应用作了综述。 相似文献
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正1母猪常见繁殖障碍性病毒病1.1猪繁殖与呼吸综合征猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS),俗称猪蓝耳病,是由动脉炎病毒科动脉炎病毒属的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的,以母猪繁殖障碍(流产、早产、死胎、木乃伊胎、弱仔等)、仔猪呼吸道症状以及断奶仔猪高死亡率为特征的病毒性传染病。猪是该病的唯一天然宿主,流行病学调查表明野猪也有自然感染的现象。各年龄段的猪只均易感,其中妊娠母猪和仔猪最为易感。猪蓝耳病主要传染源还是PRRSV的感染猪。带毒猪可以通 相似文献
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为了解江苏高邮市农户散养健康仔猪群猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染和带毒情况,本研究自2003年1月至2008年9月,随机选择并采集68个农户105窝母猪的372头2～5周龄仔猪血清,分别用ELISA和PCR方法检测PCV2和PRRSV抗体和病毒核酸,结果为,PCV2和1PRRSV感染率分别为17.5%(65/372)和32.3%(120/372),其中PCV2和PRRSV混合感染阳性率为12.9%(48/372),占PCV2感染猪的73.9%(48/65),而PRRSV感染率逐年提高,2008年达43.3%,从而为该病防制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献