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1.
挑选420只1日龄AA肉仔鸡研究碱式氯化铜(TBCC)对其生长性能及组织中维生素E氧化稳定性的影响。采用2×4双因子完全随机设计,随机分为7个处理组,每组6个重复笼,每个重复笼10只鸡(公、母各半)。处理1组(对照组)饲喂添加需要量水平铜(源于硫酸铜)的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含铜量为11.65 mg/kg,实测值),处理2~4组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加硫酸铜来源的铜150、300 mg/kg和450 mg/kg,处理5~7组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加TBCC来源的铜150、300 mg/kg和450 mg/kg,试验期21 d。结果表明:TBCC的生物学有效性(是硫酸铜的107%)和生物安全性高于硫酸铜;TBCC组鸡的血浆和肝脏维生素E含量显著高于硫酸铜组(P0.0009)。由于TBCC的生物学有效性和生物安全性高于硫酸铜,且不易破坏饲料中的维生素等营养成分,所以TBCC可以作为硫酸铜的理想替代品。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究不同铜源（硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜和柠檬酸铜）和铜添加水平（20和30 mg/kg）对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清铜含量与含铜酶活性以及组织铜含量的影响,探讨断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率。试验采用3×2双因子随机区组设计,选取平均体重为（8.98±0.48） kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪112头,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（铜含量为7.80 mg/kg）,各试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加20或30 mg/kg硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜或柠檬酸铜（均以铜含量计）。试验预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：1）试验组与对照组断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪血清铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对血清铜蓝蛋白和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪肝脏铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对心脏、肾脏、胰脏和跖骨铜含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）根据多元线性回归斜率比法计算,以血清铜...  相似文献   

3.
不同铜源在断奶仔猪日粮中的添加效果研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
选用40头在30±2日龄断奶的仔猪(长大杂交),研究在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加不同铜源对仔猪生长性能、血清铜、粪铜及可溶性铜含量的影响.各处理日粮分别是硫酸铜组(165mg/kg)、碱式氯化铜组(碱铜组,165mg/kg)、有机铜Ⅰ组(25mg/kg蛋白质鏊合铜+140mg/kg硫酸铜)、有机铜Ⅱ组(25mg/kg蛋白质鏊合铜+140mg/kg碱式氯化铜).结果表明有机铜源与无机铜复合(p＜0.1),但对饲料转化效率无显著影响.碱铜组、有机铜Ⅰ和Ⅱ组表观消化率高于硫酸铜组(p＜0.05).有机铜Ⅰ和Ⅱ组以及硫酸铜组的血清铜显著高于碱铜组(p＜0.05).碱式氯化铜能显著降低粪铜的含量(p＜0.05);碱式氯化铜及有机铜的使用能降低粪可溶性铜的含量,特别是两种铜合用,能显著降低粪可溶性铜的含量(p＜0.05).而不同铜源对蛋白质消化率、粪中水分含量等指标则没有显著影响.  相似文献   

4.
本研究旨在采用小麦-豆粕为基础日粮,比较羟基氯化铜(CH)与硫酸铜(Cu SO4)添加水平对的肉鸡在生长发育、胴体品质,胫骨性能和矿物质浓度的影响。选择308只1日龄公雏鸡随机分配到8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18只。设基础饲粮不添加铜作为阴性对照组,基础日粮以硫酸铜形式添加15和200 mg Cu/kg,基础日粮以羟基氯化铜添加15、50、100、150和200 mg Cu/kg。试验期分为1-14日龄和14-35日龄2个阶段。结果表明,硫酸铜形式添加15 mg Cu/kg组的肉鸡体重和料肉比(FCR)与阴性对照组无显著差异,而羟基氯化铜形式添加15 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡FCR阴性对照组(0-35天;P0.05)。硫酸铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组,羟基氯化铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡日增重增加且FCR降低(P0.01)。根据折线回归模型估测,以日增重和FCR作为评价指标,饲粮羟基氯化铜形式铜最佳添加水平分别为109.5和72.3 mg Cu/kg。饲粮铜源或水平对肉鸡胴体品质无影响(P 0.05)。羟基氯化铜形式添加150 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡胫骨灰分含量最高,而硫酸铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡胫骨灰分含量最低。与硫酸铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组,羟基氯化铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡十二指肠粘膜Cu含量更高(P0.001)。总之,在促生长营养剂量和药理剂量水平上来看,羟基氯化铜作为补充铜源在促进生长方面比硫酸铜更有效。  相似文献   

5.
用分别添加150、300、450mg／kg铜的硫酸铜和碱式氯化铜的饲粮饲喂420只1日龄AA肉公雏，对照组为添加需要量水平铜（硫酸铜来源）的玉米-豆粕型饲粮，试验期21d，测鸡血浆和肝脏中铜含量比较其生物学有效率；测不同存放期饲料中的维素生E含量，比较硫酸铜和碱式氯化铜对其氧化稳定性的影响；比较各周龄鸡生长性能看其生物安全性。碱式氯化铜生物学有效性优于硫酸铜，其相对于硫酸铜的生物学利用率（以硫酸铜的生物学利用率为100％计）分别为106．9％（以总铜分析值摄入量为自变量）；108．4％（以总铜计算值摄入量为自变量）；109％（以铜添加水平摄入量为自变量）；碱式氯化铜处理组鸡的血浆和肝脏维生素E含量明显高于硫酸铜处理组（P（O．0001），表明碱式氯化铜源饲料中维生素E的氧化稳定性明显优于硫酸铜源饲料；碱式氯化铜对肉仔鸡的生物安全性明显高于硫酸铜。碱式氯化铜可完全代替硫酸铜，在饲料工业中有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
国外科技     
比较评估肉鸡羟基氯化铜和硫酸铜生物学效价 摘要:本研究旨在采用小麦-豆粕为基础日粮,比较羟基氯化铜(CH)与硫酸铜(CuSO4)添加水平对的肉鸡在生长发育、胴体品质,胫骨性能和矿物质浓度的影响。选择308只1日龄公雏鸡随机分配到8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18只。设基础饲粮不添加铜作为阴性对照组,基础日粮以硫酸铜形式添加15和200 mg Cu/kg,基础日粮以羟基氯化铜添加15、50、100、150和200 mg Cu/kg。试验期分为1-14日龄和14-35日龄2个阶段。结果表明,硫酸铜形式添加15 mg Cu/kg组的肉鸡体重和料肉比(FCR)与阴性对照组无显著差异,而羟基氯化铜形式添加15 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡FCR阴性对照组(0-35天;P< 0.05)。硫酸铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组,羟基氯化铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡日增重增加且FCR降低(P<0.01)。根据折线回归模型估测,以日增重和FCR作为评价指标,饲粮羟基氯化铜形式铜最佳添加水平分别为109.5和72.3 mg Cu/kg。饲粮铜源或水平对肉鸡胴体品质无影响(P> 0.05)。羟基氯化铜形式添加150 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡胫骨灰分含量最高,而硫酸铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡胫骨灰分含量最低。与硫酸铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组,羟基氯化铜形式添加200 mg Cu/kg组肉鸡十二指肠粘膜Cu含量更高(P<0.001)。总之,在促生长营养剂量和药理剂量水平上来看,羟基氯化铜作为补充铜源在促进生长方面比硫酸铜更有效。  相似文献   

7.
为研究日粮中添加低水平柠檬酸铜、硫酸铜或碱式氯化铜对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化酶活性及组织器官铜沉积量的影响,试验选用21日龄断奶、健康、平均体重（6.82±0.34）kg的杜长大仔猪64头,按体重和性别一致原则,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜或柠檬酸铜（均以铜计）。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,柠檬酸铜组、硫酸铜组或碱式氯化铜组仔猪平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均无显著性差异（P > 0.05）,但柠檬酸铜组较其他组更优。与对照组相比,柠檬酸铜组、硫酸铜组或碱式氯化铜组仔猪血清铜蓝蛋白（CER）活性分别提高27.77%（P < 0.05）、13.21%（P < 0.05）和19.41%（P < 0.05）|血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/Zn-SOD）活性分别提高26.39%（P < 0.05）、16.94%（P < 0.05）和20.94%（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比,柠檬酸铜组、硫酸铜组或碱式氯化铜组仔猪肝脏和肾脏铜沉积量均无显著性差异（P > 0.05）,但柠檬酸铜组较其他组更高。结果提示,在日粮中添加20 mg/kg柠檬酸铜、硫酸铜或碱式氯化铜形式的铜,可以提高断奶仔猪血清CER和Cu/Zn-SOD活性。 [关键词] 铜|断奶仔猪|生长性能|抗氧化功能|铜沉积量  相似文献   

8.
采用玉米—豆粕型饲粮研究肉公雏对三碱基氯化铜(TBCC)、铜氨基酸螯合物(CuAA)、铜蛋白盐(CuPro)或硫酸铜(CuSO4)的生物利用率。在基础饲粮(Cu14mg/kg,DM基础 ,实测值)上 ,TBCC、CuAA、CuPro、CuSO4 的铜添加水平依次为150mg/kg、300mg/kg、450mg/kg,试验3周。结果表明 ,铜源和铜水平对试鸡体重和饲料转化率的影响不显著。以CuSO4 为参比标准 ,铜添加水平或日粮铜摄入量为自变量 ,经对数转换后肝铜积累为因变量建立多元线性回归模型 ,按斜率法综合求测铜源生物利用率为 :CuSO4 100 % ;TBCC112.4 % ;CuAA127.7 %(P<0.01) ;CuPro99.3 %。结果表明TBCC或CuPro生物利用率与CuSO4同效 ,但CuAA生物利用率比CuSO4 高。该试验提供了评定肉鸡有机铜源生物利用率的实用方法。  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同铜源(柠檬酸铜、硫酸铜或碱式氯化铜)对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及血清免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。选用21日龄断奶、健康、平均体重(6.41±0.32)kg的杜×长×大仔猪64头,按单因素试验设计原则,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪(公、母各半)。对照组不额外添加铜,试验在基础日粮中分别添加90 mg/kg硫酸铜、90 mg/kg碱式氯化铜或90 mg/kg柠檬酸铜(均以铜计)。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加柠檬酸铜组仔猪平均日增重提高了25.89%(P0.05),仔猪腹泻率降低了66.79%(P0.05),仔猪血清丙二醛含量降低了21.38%(P0.05);但仔猪平均日采食量、耗料增重比、血清IgA、IgG、IgM和铜蓝蛋白含量均无显著差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,添加硫酸铜或碱式氯化铜对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及血清免疫和抗氧化指标均无显著影响(P0.05);与硫酸铜组和碱式氯化铜组相比,添加柠檬酸铜使仔猪腹泻率降低66.79%和63.82%(P0.05),但对仔猪生长性能及血清免疫和抗氧化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,在仔猪日粮中添加90 mg/kg柠檬酸铜可以提高平均日增重、降低腹泻率和降低血清丙二醛含量。  相似文献   

10.
选择34±1日龄断奶、体重8 7±0 8kg的二元杂交(长白×大白)阉公猪30头进行试验,研究饲粮添加有机甘氨酸铜相对于无机硫酸铜对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生理生化指标和血浆及组织中铜含量的影响。试猪按完全随机区组设计,依体重和窝别随机分为3个处理组,分别饲喂添加15(n=6)和250mg/kg铜源于硫酸铜(n=12)及250mg/kg铜源于甘氨酸铜(n=12)的饲粮。猪只个体饲养于代谢室(22 5℃左右)内无元素污染的玻璃缸代谢笼中。正式试验期28d,猪只自由采食与饮用自来水。3个处理组间,猪生长速率、采食量、饲料转化效率、血红蛋白浓度、血细胞压积、血浆生化指标(总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三脂和尿素氮)及血浆、胰、肾和脾中铜含量均无明显差异(P>0 10);与添加15mg/kg铜源于硫酸铜的对照组相比,添加250mg/kg铜分别源于硫酸铜和甘氨酸铜的两个处理组均明显提高了断奶仔猪脑、肝及心肌中的铜含量(P<0 05),而两个高铜水平的铜源处理组间无明显差异(P>0 60)。本次研究结果表明,有机甘氨酸铜与无机硫酸铜对断奶仔猪同等有效。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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