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选用800只21日龄白羽肉鸡,采用5×4二因子完全随机试验设计,随机分成20组,每组4个重复。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加5个水平钙(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.5%)和4个水平非植酸磷(0.35%、0.45%、0.55%和0.65%),研究饲料中不同钙、磷水平对4～6周龄肉鸡骨骼生长的影响。结果表明:胫骨强度、胫骨灰分及胫骨磷含量和日粮钙、磷水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但1.5%钙、0.6%钙和0.35%非植酸磷都显著降低胫骨强度、胫骨灰分及胫骨磷含量(P<0.05)。4-6周龄肉鸡达到最大胫骨强度时的日粮钙、非植酸磷添加水平分别为1.0%和0.45%。。由回归方程得出4-6周龄肉鸡胫骨灰分含量和胫骨强度达最大时的日粮钙、非植酸磷添加水平分别为0.99%、0.55%和1.02%、0.55%。 相似文献
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将4 500只中速型黄羽肉鸡按照日粮不同钙磷水平分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复180只,研究不同钙磷水平对不同生长阶段(1～30日龄、31～60日龄和61～90日龄)肉鸡生长性能及胫骨灰分含量的影响,以期得到中速型黄羽肉鸡适宜的饲粮钙磷水平。结果:中速型黄羽肉鸡饲粮1～30日龄钙水平0. 90%、非植酸磷水平0. 40%,31～60日龄钙水平0. 75%、非植酸磷水平0. 31%,61～90日龄钙水平0. 70%、非植酸磷水平0. 28%时已完全满足其生长和骨骼发育的需要,高于此钙磷水平,肉鸡料重比呈上升趋势,日均增重呈下降趋势,胫骨灰分含量基本维持不变;当钙磷水平达到如下水平时,即:1～30日龄钙0. 90%、非植酸磷0. 45%,31～60日龄钙0. 85%、非植酸磷0. 41%,61～90日龄钙0. 80%、非植酸磷0. 38%时,肉鸡日增重极显著降低(P<0. 01),料重比极显著上升(P<0. 01),说明已超过肉鸡对钙磷的需要量。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究3～6周龄北京鸭适宜钙磷需要量.试验采用4×4二因子完全随机试验设计,4个非植酸磷水平(0.17%、0.25%、0.33%和0.41%),4个钙水平(0.30%、0.48%、0.66%和0.84%).将640只15日龄雄性北京鸭随机分为16个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复10只鸭,试验期为15～42日龄.结果表明:(1)在0.17%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,日增重和采食量显著降低(P<0.05);但是在0.25%、0.33%和0.41%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,日增重和采食量表现出先升高后降低的二次曲线变化趋势.(2)在0.17%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,胫骨灰分和胫骨磷含量显著降低(P<0.05);然而,在0.33%和0.41%非植酸磷水平下,随日粮钙水平升高,胫骨灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05),但日粮钙水平对胫骨磷含量未产生显著影响(P>0.05).综合本试验结果,采用二次响应面回归分析表明,以日增重和胫骨磷含量为评价指标,3～6周龄北京鸭钙和非植酸磷适宜需要量分别为0.72%和0.37%、0.66%和0.37%. 相似文献
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日粮营养水平对肉鹅血清钙磷、碱性磷酸酶及胫骨钙磷的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
试验选用216只1日龄东北肉鹅,随机分为9个处理,每个处理设4次重复,每个重复6只试鹅,采用四因素3水平L9(34)正交试验设计,通过血清生化试验和胫骨成分测定试验,探讨1～28日龄东北肉鹅日粮代谢能、粗蛋白、钙和非植酸磷水平对血清钙磷、碱性磷酸酶以及胫骨灰分、钙磷的影响.结果表明:日粮粗蛋白和钙水平对血清磷含量的影响极显著(P<0.01),日粮粗蛋白、钙和非植酸磷水平对血清碱性磷酸酶影响显著(P<0.05),日粮粗蛋白水平对胫骨磷含量影响显著(P<0.05),日粮非植酸磷水平对骨钙含量和胫骨灰分影响显著或极显著,血清磷与血清碱性磷酸酶存在较强的负相关性(r=-0.85). 相似文献
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试验通过日粮中添加1α-羟基维生素D3(1α-OH D3)研究其对肉鸡生长性能、胫骨质量、血浆钙磷含量、钙磷利用率等指标的影响.将1日龄120只罗斯308肉鸡公雏随机分为3个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复10只.1～21日龄肉鸡3个处理分别采食不同种饲粮:①基础饲粮;②基础饲粮+5 μg/kg 1α OH D3;③基础饲粮+10 μg/kg 1α-OH D3.在22～42日龄,3组肉鸡采食相同饲粮,Ca、非植酸磷和维生素D3分别为0.90％、0.35％和1 000 IU/kg.结果显示:①饲粮中添加1α-OH D3改善1～21日龄、22～42日龄和1～42日龄肉鸡体增重和采食量;②1α-OH D3增加21日龄和42日龄肉鸡胫骨重量、强度、长度、直径和灰分含量;1α-OH D3提高21日龄胫骨钙、磷含量;③1α-OH D3提高1～21日龄肉鸡钙、磷利用率,降低21日龄血浆磷浓度;④1α-OH D3没有显著改善21日龄和42日龄肉鸡皮肤和肌肉色泽;⑤1α-OH D3增加肉鸡小肠长度和重量.在低钙、低磷饲粮中,1α-OH D3改善肉鸡生长性能,增强胫骨质量,促进小肠生长,增加钙磷利用率. 相似文献
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为研究饲粮钙和非植酸磷水平对贵妃鸡生长性能及骨骼特性的影响,以确定0～6周龄贵妃鸡日粮中适宜钙和非植酸磷水平,试验选用1日龄贵妃鸡公鸡360羽,采用2×3因子设计,共6个处理,每个处理6个重复笼,每重复10羽鸡,其中两个钙水平分别为1.10％、1.20％,三个非植酸磷水平分别为0.45％、0.50％和0.55％,饲养试验42 d,试验末,每组选6羽鸡（每笼1羽）进行屠宰测定,取左侧胫骨样品测定胫骨重、胫骨灰分、钙磷等指标.结果表明：日粮钙和非植酸磷水平的互作效应对贵妃鸡的生长和饲料利用效率有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,在1.10％钙水平下,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,日增重和耗料增重比先显著升高后降低（P＜0.05）;在1.20％钙水平,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,日增重和耗料增重比趋于升高,但未显显著差异（P＞0.05）.日粮非植酸磷水平及二者的互作效应对贵妃鸡的胫骨特性有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,在1.10％钙水平下,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,胫骨灰分和胫骨磷含量先显著升高后降低（P＜0.05）,然而,在1.20％钙水平,胫骨灰分、胫骨钙磷含量0.55％组显著高于0.45％组（P＜0.05）;试验所有组中日粮非植酸磷水平0.50％和0.55％组胫骨灰分、胫骨钙磷含量显著高于0.45％组（P＜0.05）.综合本试验结果,推荐0～6周龄贵妃鸡日粮钙和非植酸磷适宜水平分别为1.10％和0.50％. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究低钙磷饲粮中添加高剂量植酸酶对1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胫骨性能、血清生化指标和钙磷代谢关键基因表达量的影响。试验选用1 080只1日龄岭南黄羽肉公雏,根据体重一致原则,分为6个组(每组6个重复,每个重复30只肉鸡):对照(PC)组(正常的磷酸氢钙添加水平,非植酸磷水平达到标准要求)、中非植酸磷(MP)组(PC组降低50%磷酸氢钙添加水平,非植酸磷水平减少1/3)、MP+2 000组(MP组+2 000 FTU/kg植酸酶)、MP+4 000组(M P组+4 000 FTU/kg植酸酶)、低非植酸磷(LP)+2 000组[PC组不添加磷酸氢钙,非植酸磷水平减少2/3+2 000 FTU/kg植酸酶)、LP+4 000组(PC组不添加磷酸氢钙,非植酸磷水平减少2/3+4 000 FTU/kg植酸酶),各组饲粮钙磷比保持在1.4∶1.0左右。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与PC组相比,MP+4 000、LP+4 000组肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);各植酸酶添加组肉鸡平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05)。与MP组相比,各植酸酶添加组肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著提高(P0.05),料重比有降低的趋势(P=0.088)。2)与PC组相比,M P+4 000、LP+4 000组胫骨折断力显著提高(P0.05); M P组胫骨脱水脱脂重、灰分和磷含量显著降低(P0.05)。与MP组相比,各植酸酶添加组胫骨折断力显著提高(P0.05); MP+4 000组胫骨脱水脱脂重显著提高(P0.05); MP+4 000、LP+4 000组胫骨灰分、磷含量显著提高(P0.05);植酸酶的添加有升高胫骨钙含量的趋势(P=0.055)。3)与PC组相比,MP组血清磷含量显著降低(P0.05)。与MP组相比,MP+2000、MP+4 000、LP+4 000组血清磷含量显著升高(P0.05);各植酸酶添加组血清钙含量有升高的趋势(P=0.054),血清碱性磷酸酶活性有降低的趋势(P=0.089)。4)与PC组相比,MP组肾脏克洛索蛋白、成纤维生长因子受体1(Fgfr1)基因表达量显著下调(P0.05)。与MP组相比,MP+4 000组肾脏克洛索蛋白、Fgfr1基因表达量显著上调(P0.05);添加植酸酶对肾脏1α-羟化酶基因表达量影响不显著(P0.05)。综上,低钙磷饲粮添加高剂量植酸酶可提高1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能,促进矿物元素在胫骨的沉积,改善胫骨性能,调节血液和肾脏钙磷代谢,维持机体钙磷平衡。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素D3(VD3)对肉仔鸡生长性能及骨磷代谢利用的影响。试验选用480只1日龄艾拔益加肉公雏,采用2×4双因子完全随机设计,设2个饲粮非植酸磷水平[0.45%和0.23%(实测值为0.44%和0.21%)]与4个VD3添加水平(0、1 000、2 000和4 000IU/kg),共8个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期21d。结果表明,与0.21%非植酸磷水平相比,0.44%非植酸磷水平显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷含量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05);与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡ADG、15~21和1~21日龄ADFI、胫骨灰分含量和胫骨灰分磷绝对沉积率(P0.05),显著降低1~21日龄肉仔鸡F/G(P0.05);0.21%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著降低肉仔鸡死亡率(P0.05),显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05),添加2000IU/kg VD3显著提高14日龄肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05);0.44%非植酸磷水平下,与不添加VD3相比,饲粮中添加VD3显著提高肉仔鸡胫骨灰分磷重量(P0.05)。以上结果表明,饲粮中添加VD3可提高肉仔鸡的生长性能并降低死亡率,促进磷在骨骼中的代谢利用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献